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Carmichaels Formation

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Regional cross-section of the Gates Formation and Falher Member (modifed from Carmichael, 1988). Location is shown in Figure 4. The southern part of the section is based on core and outcrop data in Carmichael (1983). The northern part of the section is based on data in Leckie (1986a). The Gates Formation and Falher Member are time equivalent, and generally refer to the non-marine component and marine component of the stratigraphy, respectively.

Regional cross-section of the Gates Formation and Falher Member (modifed fr... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 September 2003
Fig. 3. Regional cross-section of the Gates Formation and Falher Member (modifed from Carmichael, 1988 ). Location is shown in Figure 4 . The southern part of the section is based on core and outcrop data in Carmichael (1983) . The northern part of the section is based on data in Leckie
Image
(a) Iron-oxide minerals plotted in the FeO-Fe2O3-TiO2 diagram (after Carmichael [17]). (b) Al + Mn versus Ti + V (wt.%) showing the temperature domains of magnetite formation; arrow shows trend for decreasing temperature (after Nadoll et al. [25]). Data from Yousefi et al. [4]).

(a) Iron-oxide minerals plotted in the FeO-Fe 2 O 3 -TiO 2 diagram (after ... Open Access

Published: 31 January 2025
Figure 4 (a) Iron-oxide minerals plotted in the FeO-Fe 2 O 3 -TiO 2 diagram (after Carmichael [ 17 ]). (b) Al + Mn versus Ti + V (wt.%) showing the temperature domains of magnetite formation; arrow shows trend for decreasing temperature (after Nadoll et al. [ 25 ]). Data from Yousefi et al. [ 4 ]).
Journal Article

Origin of the fluorine- and beryllium-rich rhyolites of the Spor Mountain Formation, Western Utah Available to Purchase

Shane R. Dailey, Eric H Christiansen, Michael J. Dorais, Bart J. Kowallis, Diego P. Fernandez, Douglas M. Johnson
Published: 01 August 2018
American Mineralogist (2018) 103 (8): 1228–1252.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2018-6256
...Shane R. Dailey; Eric H Christiansen; Michael J. Dorais; Bart J. Kowallis; Diego P. Fernandez; Douglas M. Johnson Abstract The Miocene rhyolites of the Spor Mountain Formation host Earth's largest beryllium deposit, which produced 85% of the world's beryllium in 2010. The fresh lava is extremely...
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View PDF for article title, Origin of the fluorine- and beryllium-rich rhyolites of the Spor Mountain <span class="search-highlight">Formation</span>, Western Utah
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FIGURE 2. Ordovician timetable showing the stratigraphic distribution of known pteraspidomorph localities: A4  =  Amdeh Formation, Member 4; A5  =  Amdeh Formation, Member 5; AF  =  Anzaldo Formation; CS  =  Carmichael Sandstone; HV  =  Horn Valley Siltstone; PA  =  Pacoota Sandstone; PR  =  Pircancha Formation; RO  =  Rowena Formation; SP  =  Sepulturas Formation; SY  =  Stairway Sandstone; SK  =  Stokes Formation.

FIGURE 2. Ordovician timetable showing the stratigraphic distribution of kn... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 October 2009
FIGURE 2. Ordovician timetable showing the stratigraphic distribution of known pteraspidomorph localities: A4  =  Amdeh Formation, Member 4; A5  =  Amdeh Formation, Member 5; AF  =  Anzaldo Formation; CS  =  Carmichael Sandstone; HV  =  Horn Valley Siltstone; PA  =  Pacoota Sandstone; PR
Journal Article

The effect of oxygen fugacity on the redox state of natural liquids and their crystallizing phases Free

Ian S. E. Carmichael, M. S. Ghiorso
Published: 01 January 1990
Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry (1990) 24 (1): 191–212.
... more O than S at FMQ (Doyle and Naldrett, 1987), providing an adequate reservoir for the oxygen needed to sustain a tholeiitic liquid line of descent on the FMQ buffer (Ghiorso and Carmichael, 1985). In combination, the continued formation of olivine, spinel and sulfide liquid, will regulate the iron...
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Journal Article

Composition and provenance of the Silurian to Devonian sandstone sequences of the southern Midland Valley Available to Purchase

E. R. Phillips, H. F. Barron, R. A. Smith, S. Arkley
Published: 01 April 2004
Scottish Journal of Geology (2004) 40 (1): 23–42.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/sjg40010023
..., chert and mudstone. The formation passes up into alluvial sandstones forming the Quarry Arenite Formation. The Carmichael inlier lies south of Lanark ( Fig. 1 ). At the base of the succession, the Carmichael Burn Formation ( Fig. 2 ) comprises a sequence of shallow marine mudstones, siltstones...
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View PDF for article title, Composition and provenance of the Silurian to Devonian sandstone sequences of the southern Midland Valley
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—Idealized north-south cross sections through A A’ Carmichael subbasin, BB’ Missionary Plains trough, and CC’ the Ooraminna subbasin, showing relationship between two depositional sequences within Arumbera Sandstone and relationship of formation to underlying Bitter Springs Formation.Top of Arumbera Sandstone forms datum for these sections.For section locations see Figure 10.

—Idealized north-south cross sections through A A’ Carmichael subbasin, BB’... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 November 1987
Figure 16 —Idealized north-south cross sections through A A’ Carmichael subbasin, BB’ Missionary Plains trough, and CC’ the Ooraminna subbasin, showing relationship between two depositional sequences within Arumbera Sandstone and relationship of formation to underlying Bitter Springs
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Photomicrographs: (a) coarse-grained, very closely packed sandstone, Eastgate Formation (Carmichael inlier); (b) coarse-grained sandstone rich in clasts of fine- to very fine-grained volcanic rocks, Cock Rig Formation (North Esk inlier); (c) very coarse-grained, pebbly sandstone or microconglomerate containing small pebbles of porphyritic basaltic to andesitic rock. Cock Rig Formation (North Esk inlier); (d) medium-grained sandstone, Swanshaw Sandstone Formation (Lanark Group); and (e) very coarse-grained sandstone containing hematized volcanic rock fragments, Auchtitench Sandstone Formation (Lanark Group). All photographs taken under plane polarized light; scale bars = 1.0   mm.

Photomicrographs: (a) coarse-grained, very closely packed sandstone, East... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 April 2004
Fig. 3. Photomicrographs: (a) coarse-grained, very closely packed sandstone, Eastgate Formation (Carmichael inlier); (b) coarse-grained sandstone rich in clasts of fine- to very fine-grained volcanic rocks, Cock Rig Formation (North Esk inlier); (c) very coarse-grained, pebbly sandstone
Image
(A) Isopach map of the Fort Pillow Sand showing a pronounced thickening in the Wolf graben (from Parks and Carmichael, 1989). Contours are in feet. (B) Structure contours on top of the Cook Mountain Formation showing the depression interpreted as the Wolf graben. Contour interval is 2 m. (C) The Memphis fault and Millington fault form a graben at the top of the Memphis Sand. Contour interval is 5 m. (D) The Ellendale fault mapped on top of the Memphis Sand. Contour interval is 5 m. Maps B, C, and D are from Martin (2008).

(A) Isopach map of the Fort Pillow Sand showing a pronounced thickening in ... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 July 2017
Figure 7. (A) Isopach map of the Fort Pillow Sand showing a pronounced thickening in the Wolf graben (from Parks and Carmichael, 1989 ). Contours are in feet. (B) Structure contours on top of the Cook Mountain Formation showing the depression interpreted as the Wolf graben. Contour interval is 2
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Backscatter electron microprobe images of select samples from the Iron Axis laccoliths. The bright, high index of reflection grains are Fe-Ti oxide grains set against the lower reflectance silicate grains. (A) High concentrations of fine-grained apparently randomly distributed titanomagnetite. (B) Relatively euhedral magnetite crystals in close spatial association with hornblende. (C) High concentrations of coarse-grained titanomagnetite grains in close association with the silicate matrix. The slightly lower index of reflection grains in close association with titanomagnetite grains are ilmeno-hematite. The presence of ilmeno-hematite suggests slow cooling (Carmichael, 1961), and their large size indicates an exsolution temperature between 570 and 600 °C just above their Curie temperature. (D) A highly reflective Fe-Ti oxide grain exhibiting an apparent high-temperature oxidation exsolution and the formation of abundant ilmenite lamellae with a classic trellis oxidation pattern (e.g., Widmanstatten texture). P—plagioclase feldspar; B—biotite; Hb—hornblende; Mt—magnetite (titanomagnetite); Il—ilmenite; Ilhm—ilmeno-hematite.

Backscatter electron microprobe images of select samples from the Iron Axis... Open Access

Published: 01 June 2014
are ilmeno-hematite. The presence of ilmeno-hematite suggests slow cooling ( Carmichael, 1961 ), and their large size indicates an exsolution temperature between 570 and 600 °C just above their Curie temperature. (D) A highly reflective Fe-Ti oxide grain exhibiting an apparent high-temperature oxidation
Journal Article

Possible Fault Communication between the Memphis Sand Aquifer and the Mississippi River Available to Purchase

Richard V. Martin, Roy B. Van Arsdale, Valarie J. Harrison
Published: 28 March 2023
Environmental & Engineering Geoscience (2023) 29 (2): 105–114.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2113/EEG-D-22-00050
... the overlying Cockfield Formation or modern river alluvium. This is particularly true if the potentiometric depression is at, or near, areas where the overlying Upper Claiborne aquitard is thin, sandy, absent, and/or faulted ( Carmichael et al., 2018 ). The eastern limit of the Upper Claiborne aquitard...
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Journal Article

Sequence Stratigraphy and Depositional Controls in Late Proterozoic-Early Cambrian Sediments of Amadeus Basin, Central Australia Available to Purchase

John F. Lindsay
Journal: AAPG Bulletin
Published: 01 November 1987
AAPG Bulletin (1987) 71 (11): 1387–1403.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1306/703C8088-1707-11D7-8645000102C1865D
...Figure 16 —Idealized north-south cross sections through A A’ Carmichael subbasin, BB’ Missionary Plains trough, and CC’ the Ooraminna subbasin, showing relationship between two depositional sequences within Arumbera Sandstone and relationship of formation to underlying Bitter Springs...
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View PDF for article title, Sequence Stratigraphy and Depositional Controls in Late Proterozoic-Early Cambrian Sediments of Amadeus Basin, Central Australia
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Formation of dolomite at 40–80 °C in the Latemar carbonate buildup, Dolomites, Italy, from clumped isotope thermometry Available to Purchase

John M. Ferry, Benjamin H. Passey, Crisogono Vasconcelos, John M. Eiler
Journal: Geology
Published: 01 June 2011
Geology (2011) 39 (6): 571–574.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/G31845.1
... Cosmochimica Acta , v. 70 , p. 1 – 12 , doi:10.1016/j.gca.2005.08.021 . Budd D.A. , 1997 , Cenozoic dolomites of carbonate islands: Their attributes and origin : Earth-Science Reviews , v. 42 , p. 1 – 47 , doi:10.1016/S0012-8252(96)00051-7 . Carmichael S.K. , 2006 , Formation...
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View PDF for article title, <span class="search-highlight">Formation</span> of dolomite at 40–80 °C in the Latemar carbonate buildup, Dolomites, Italy, from clumped isotope thermometry
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Journal Article

Titanomagnetite Rims on Hornblende Phenocrysts in Intermediate Subvolcanic Intrusions, Torud–Ahmad Abad Magmatic Belt, Iran: Examination of Devolatilization and Oxidation Processes Open Access

Fazilat Yousefi, David R. Lentz, Glenn Bark
Journal: Lithosphere
Publisher: GSW
Published: 31 January 2025
Lithosphere (2025) 2025 (1): lithosphere_2024_227.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2113/2025/lithosphere_2024_227
...Figure 4 (a) Iron-oxide minerals plotted in the FeO-Fe 2 O 3 -TiO 2 diagram (after Carmichael [ 17 ]). (b) Al + Mn versus Ti + V (wt.%) showing the temperature domains of magnetite formation; arrow shows trend for decreasing temperature (after Nadoll et al. [ 25 ]). Data from Yousefi et al. [ 4 ]). ...
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View PDF for article title, Titanomagnetite Rims on Hornblende Phenocrysts in Intermediate Subvolcanic Intrusions, Torud–Ahmad Abad Magmatic Belt, Iran: Examination of Devolatilization and Oxidation Processes
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Journal Article

Carmichael, I.S.E. Landmark Papers: Volcanic Petrology .: Mineralogical Society of Great Britain & Ireland, 2004, vi + 319 pp. Price £26.00 (£12.99 to members of the Mineralogical Society; a launch-offer price of £12.99 applies to all for a limited period until the end of November, 2004). ISBN 0-903056-21-6. Available to Purchase

A. C. Kerr
Published: 01 August 2004
Mineralogical Magazine (2004) 68 (4): 715–716.
...A. C. Kerr Moore (1970): Water content of basalt erupted on the ocean floor Many of us would probably be able to think of a few other papers which could have been included in such a collection. However, the selections made by Ian Carmichael would doubtless feature highly in a poll of igneous...
View PDF for article title, <span class="search-highlight">Carmichael</span>, I.S.E. Landmark Papers: Volcanic Petrology .: Mineralogical Society of Great Britain &amp;amp; Ireland, 2004, vi + 319 pp. Price £26.00 (£12.99 to members of the Mineralogical Society; a launch-offer price of £12.99 applies to all for a limited period until the end of November, 2004). ISBN 0-903056-21-6.
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Journal Article

Hypothesis for the role of toxin-producing algae in Phanerozoic mass extinctions based on evidence from the geologic record and modern environments Available to Purchase

James W. Castle, John H. Rodgers, Jr.
Published: 01 March 2009
Environmental Geosciences (2009) 16 (1): 1–23.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1306/eg.08110808003
... Belcher Supergroup (2100 Ma); Canada Hoffman (1976) Microcystins; lipopolysaccharides (LPS) Carmichael and Li (2006) Amelia Dolomite (1700 Ma); Australia Hofmann and Schopf (1983) Billyakh Group (1325 Ma); Siberia Golovenok and Belova (1984) Debengda Formation (1040–1265 Ma); Siberia...
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View PDF for article title, Hypothesis for the role of toxin-producing algae in Phanerozoic mass extinctions based on evidence from the geologic record and modern environments
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Fingerprinting enhanced floodplain reworking during the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum in the Southern Pyrenees (Spain): Implications for channel dynamics and carbon burial Open Access

Marine Prieur, Alexander C. Whittaker, Perach Nuriel, Rocío Jaimes-Gutierrez, Eduardo Garzanti, Marta Roigé, Tor O. Sømme, Fritz Schlunegger, Sébastien Castelltort
Journal: Geology
Published: 23 May 2024
Geology (2024) 52 (9): 651–655.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/G52180.1
... change ( Pancost, 2017 ). Several marine sedimentary records of the PETM across the globe show sedimentation rate increasing by factors of 2–10 ( Schmitz et al., 2001 ; John et al., 2008 ; Carmichael et al., 2017 ; Sømme et al., 2023 ), which reflects enhanced delivery of fine-grained sediments...
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Journal Article

Tuhualite in a peralkaline rhyolitic ignimbrite from Pantelleria, Italy Available to Purchase

Bogusław Bagiński, Ray Macdonald, John C. White, Lidia Jeżak
Published: 01 March 2018
European Journal of Mineralogy (2018) 30 (2): 367–373.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1127/ejm/2018/0030-2711
... type-3 layer ( Fig. 1 ); water did not degas there but was trapped and caused the staining. How do the formation conditions of tuhualite in the Green Tuff compare with the occurrences at Mayor Island and Khaldzan Buregtey? According to Nicholls & Carmichael (1969) , tuhualite is generally...
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Journal Article

The rise and fall of the Faroe–Shetland Basin: evidence from seismic mapping of the Balder Formation Available to Purchase

JOHN R. SMALLWOOD, CAROLINE E. GILL
Published: 01 December 2002
Journal of the Geological Society (2002) 159 (6): 627–630.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/0016-764902-064
... 2002 Faroe–Shetland Channel Balder Formation Iceland Plume Although such incised valley networks can form in submarine conditions, we follow previous authors in interpreting the unconformity to have formed in a subaerial environment ( Lamers & Carmichael 1999 ). Several independent...
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View PDF for article title, The rise and fall of the Faroe–Shetland Basin: evidence from seismic mapping of the Balder <span class="search-highlight">Formation</span>
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Calorimetry of liquids in the system Na 2 O-Fe 2 O 3 -SiO 2 Available to Purchase

Toru Sugawara, Masaki Akaogi
Published: 01 November 2004
American Mineralogist (2004) 89 (11-12): 1586–1596.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2004-11-1202
... cause to clustering of these species leading to the formation of a population of new species. Based on the experiments in the CaO-FeO-FeO 1.5 -SiO 2 (CFS) system and analysis of Fe 3+ /Fe 2+ redox equilibrium, Kress and Carmichael (1989) proposed a homogeneous reaction of the form: (22...
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