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![Macrofauna from the initial extinction phase. A) Slab (NHMW 2012/0158/0001) with numerous Cardinia hybrida, some with preserved periostracum, 6.5 cm above base of Tiefengraben Member at Kammerköhralm locality. B) Cardinia hybrida (NHMW 2012/0159/0001) 6.5 cm above base of Tiefengraben Member at Restentalgraben locality. C) Agerchlamys textoria (NHMW 2012/0160/0001) 18 cm above base of Tiefengraben Member at Eiberg locality. D) Slab (NHMW 2012/0158/0002) showing four individuals of Meleagrinella sp. 1 cm above base of Tiefengraben Member at Kammerköhralm locality. E) Pseudolima cf. hettangiensis (NHMW 2012/0158/0003) 7.0 cm above base of Tiefengraben Member at Kammerköhralm locality. NHMW = Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna. Scale bar = 1 cm.]()
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![Figure 3. Molluscs from silicified fauna, showing fine preservation of shell features; scale bars represent 1 cm. Note beekitized patches on shell in A and C. A: Gryphaea arcuata, dorsal view. B: Pholadomya glabra, right valve. C: Cardinia listeri, left valve. D: Allocosmia]()
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![Biogeographical range of mollusks and brachiopods in the Carnian. Boreal taxa: Striatosirenites, Neosireniles, Arctosireniles, ArctophyUites, Janopecten, Ochotochlamys, Dentospiriferina, Pennospiriferina, Aulacothyroides, Viligella. Tethyan taxa: Discotropites, Anatropiles, Gonionotites, Yuvaviles, Projuvavites, Costatoria, Maorilrigonia, Cassianella, Pteria. Cosmopolitan taxa: Sirenites, Proarcestes, Zittelihalobia, Oxytoma, Cardinia, Chlamys, Neoschizodus, Unioniles, Costispirijerina, Zeilleria. Symbols: circles indicate ammonites, triangles indicate bivalves, squares are based on brachiopods, asterisks indicate Koryak pure tethyan assemblage of ammonites. Dark bars indicate boreal taxa, light bars indicate tethyan taxa, combined colors indicate cosmopolitan taxa. Ammonite-based boundary between tethyan and boreal realms is indicated with a solid line, bivalve-based with a broken line. The biogeographical ecotone is hatched.]()
![Examples of fossils collected from Redcar; specimens housed in Whitby Museum. (A) Red 1, Schlothemia sp. (WHITM: 2020/1.1); (B) Red 21, Arnioceras sp. encrusted by Liostrea irregularis (Münster) (WHITM 2020/1.2); (C) Red 17, Pleurotomaria cognata (Chapuis and Dewalque) (WHITM: 2020/1.3); (D) Red 2 photomicrograph of microgastropod in thin section; (E) Red 12 Isocrinus psilonoti (Quenstedt), partially articulated specimen with cirri, photographed in situ; (F–I) Red 15, Cardinia listeri (J. Sowerby) featuring a range of cirripede borings (WHITM: 2020/1.4–8); (J) cross-section through part of C. listeri shell; (I) showing potential Simonizapfes; (K) detail of C. listeri shell (I) with possible bryozoan borings; (L) C. listeri with growth defect, dashed line projects normal shell outline. Examples A–C have been whitened using ammonium chloride, scale bars 1 cm unless otherwise stated.]()
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![Body size and survivorship in bivalves during the Late Triassic mass extinction event and Hettangian recovery. A, The coefficient of variation for each extinction category through time. Thicker lines represent the mean value of the coefficient of variation, while the thinner lines represent the 95% confidence intervals estimated by bootstrapping. B, The residual values of log2 body size for each extinction category (survivors, victims, and postextinction colonizers). Each point represents the residual value of a single species within each stratigraphic unit. Zero on the y-axis represents the grand mean size estimated from all species. Dashed line is the 95% confidence intervals, estimated by bootstrapping. Black arrows indicate a reduction in size during the extinction horizon (shaded gray). Key to stratigraphic units as in Fig. 3. As, Astarte sp.; Ca, Camptonectes sp.; CR, Cardinia regularis; Cas, Cassianella sp.; CV, Chlamys valoniensis; Da, Dacryomya sp. GO, Gervillella ornata; GrO, Gryphaea obliquata.; GH, Grammatodon hettangiensis; IC, Isocyprina concentricum; IE, Isocyprina ewaldi; LB, Liostrea bristovi; LH, Liostrea hisingeri; MCa, Mactromya cardioides; Me, Mesomiltha sp.; MH, Modiolus hillanus; MM, Modiolus minimus; MS, Modiolus sodburiensis; Msp, Modiolus sp.; MV, Modiolus ventricosus; MY, Myoconcha psilonoti; MC, Mytilus cloacinus; OF, Oxytoma fallax; PE, Palaeoneilo elliptica; PN, Palaeonucula navis; Pe, Permophorus elongatus; Ph, Pholadomya sp.; PA, Placunopsis alpina; PG, Plagiostoma giganteum; PP, Plagiostoma punctatum; Pl, Pleuromya sp.; PR, Protocardia rhaetica; PD, Pseudolimea duplicata; Pt, ?Pteromya sp.; PCr, Pteromya crowcombeia; PL, Pteromya langportensis; RC, Rhaetavicula contorta; RB, Rollieria bronni; RT, Ryderia texturata. C, Phylogenetic correlogram for body size in Triassic–Jurassic bivalve species from the study sites. Moran's I coefficients are calculated from the mean sizes of the 37 species recorded in this study. Although the figure shows the phylogenetic gradient that would be expected if closely related species were more similar in size than distantly related species, the Moran's I coefficients are not significant at any taxonomic level (p > 0.05; see Supplementary Table 4). D, Phylogenetic effect on body-size selectivity. The plot shows the relationship between the average size of each species and its ordinal body size. The dashed line represents a linear regression fit to the data set; extinction selectivity against large body size would be indicated if the victim species were grouped above the regression line, while selection against small size would be indicated if victims grouped below the regression line.]()
![Correlation of Tr–J boundary sections at Astartekløft and St Audrie’s Bay and a comparison of the stratigraphic ranges of macrofossil leaves and marine bivalves at these two localities. Correlation is based on sporomorph assemblage zones and the first appearance of the pollen morphospecies Cerebropollenites thiergartii (Kuerschner et al. 2007). Carbon isotope data and stratigraphic schemes at Astartekløft and St Audrie’s Bay are from Hesselbo et al. (2002). Position of ‘Precursor’ carbon isotope excursion is from Ruhl & Kürschner (2011). Sporomorph zones at St Audrie’s Bay are from Orbell (1973) and Bonis et al. (2010b). Abbreviations of stratigraphic units at St Audrie’s Bay: PPB, ‘Pre-planorbis beds’; Lil. Fm., Lilstock Formation; CM, Cotham Member; LM, Langport Member. Central Atlantic Magmatic Province volcanic rocks: L. U., Lower Unit; I. U., Intermediate Unit. Correlation line ‘A’ indicates the first appearance of C. thiergartii (first appearance of C. thiergartii at St Audrie’s Bay (18.50 m) from Bonis et al. (2010b)). Correlation line ‘B’ connects the top of Sporomorph Assemblage Zone A2 at Astartekløft to the top of the Rhaetipollis Zone at St Audrie’s Bay (Orbell 1973; SAB 1 & 2 of Bonis et al. 2010b). Macrofossil leaves at Astartekløft from McElwain et al. (2007) and Mander et al. (2010): 1, Hausmannia; 2, Baiera; 3, Lepidopteris; 4, Podozamites; 5, Dictyophyllum; 6, Equisetites; 7, Pterophyllum; 8, Anomozamites; 9, Czekanowskia; 10, Nilssonia; 11, Ginkgo; 12, Elatocladus; 13, Pseudoctenis; 14, Stachyotaxus; 15, Cladophlebis; 16, Clathropteris; 17, Rhinipteris; 18, Ptilozamites; 19, Doratophyllum; 20, Taeniopteris; 21, Sphenobaiera; 22, Anthrophyopsis; 23, Ctenis; 24, Macrotaeniopteris; 25, Marattia; 26, Pagiophyllum; 27, Phlebopteris; 28, Sagenopteris; 29, Thaumatopteris. Marine bivalves at St Audrie’s Bay from Mander et al. (2008): 1, Permophorus elongatus; 2, Pteromya crowcombia; 3, Tutcheria cloacina; 4, Rhaetavicula contorta; 5, Ryderia sp.; 6, Chlamys valoniensis; 7, Modiolus sp.; 8, Modiolus hillanus; 9, Modiolus sodburiensis; 10, Modiolus minimus; 11, Placunopsis alpina; 12, Gervillella ornata; 13, Dacryomya sp.; 14, Protocardia rhaetica; 15, Isocyprina sp.; 16, Isocyprina concentricum; 17, Isocyprina ewaldi; 18, Cassianella sp.; 19, Plagiostoma giganteum; 20, Plagiostoma punctuatum; 21, Cardinia regularis; 22, Lyriomyophoria postera; 23, Liostrea sp.; 24, Liostrea hisingeri; 25, Pleuromya sp.; 26, Oxytoma fallax; 27, Pseudomytiloides dubius; 28, Rollieria bronni; 29, Palaeonucula navis.]()
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Macrofauna from the initial extinction phase. A) Slab (NHMW 2012/0158/0001)... Available to Purchase
in MACROFAUNAL RESPONSE TO THE END-TRIASSIC MASS EXTINCTION IN THE WEST-TETHYAN KÖSSEN BASIN, AUSTRIA
> PALAIOS
Published: 01 September 2012
FIGURE 4— Macrofauna from the initial extinction phase. A) Slab (NHMW 2012/0158/0001) with numerous Cardinia hybrida, some with preserved periostracum, 6.5 cm above base of Tiefengraben Member at Kammerköhralm locality. B) Cardinia hybrida (NHMW 2012/0159/0001) 6.5 cm above base of Tiefengraben
Journal Article
The Hettangian–Sinemurian (Lower Jurassic) strata of Redcar, Cleveland Basin, NE England: facies and palaeoecology Available to Purchase
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Published: 17 June 2020
Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society (2020) 63 (2): 77–87.
... are reasonably common along with a diverse benthos that includes abundant bivalves (e.g. Gryphaea, Cardinia, Luciniola, Plagiostoma and Oxytoma ) and rarer serpulids, gastropods, foraminifera and solitary corals. In the upper part of the section thicker-shelled taxa are commonly bored by cirripedes and bryozoans...
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Journal Article
Hettangian (Lower Jurassic) rocks and faunas, northern Yukon Territory Free
Journal: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
Published: 01 January 1977
Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (1977) 14 (1): 89–101.
... .) johnstoni includes Prosogyrotrigonia (?) sp. cf. P . inouyei (Yehara), Cardinia sp. cf. C . hybrida (J. Sowerby), C . sp. aff. C . concinna (J. Sowerby), Pleuromya (?) sp., Meleagrinella (?) sp., Oxytoma ( Oxytoma ) sp., and Parallelodon (?) sp. The bivalves closely resemble approximately coeval forms...
Image
Figure 3. Molluscs from silicified fauna, showing fine preservation of shel... Available to Purchase
in Missing molluscs: Field testing taphonomic loss in the Mesozoic through early large-scale aragonite dissolution
> Geology
Published: 01 March 2003
Figure 3. Molluscs from silicified fauna, showing fine preservation of shell features; scale bars represent 1 cm. Note beekitized patches on shell in A and C. A: Gryphaea arcuata , dorsal view. B: Pholadomya glabra , right valve. C: Cardinia listeri , left valve. D: Allocosmia
Journal Article
MACROFAUNAL RESPONSE TO THE END-TRIASSIC MASS EXTINCTION IN THE WEST-TETHYAN KÖSSEN BASIN, AUSTRIA Available to Purchase
Journal: PALAIOS
Publisher: SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology
Published: 01 September 2012
PALAIOS (2012) 27 (9): 607–616.
...FIGURE 4— Macrofauna from the initial extinction phase. A) Slab (NHMW 2012/0158/0001) with numerous Cardinia hybrida, some with preserved periostracum, 6.5 cm above base of Tiefengraben Member at Kammerköhralm locality. B) Cardinia hybrida (NHMW 2012/0159/0001) 6.5 cm above base of Tiefengraben...
FIGURES
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Paleoecology of the Triassic–Jurassic interval in the Gabbs Valley Range, M... Available to Purchase
in POST-EXTINCTION BIOFACIES OF THE FIRST CARBONATE RAMP OF THE EARLY JURASSIC (SINEMURIAN) IN NE PANTHALASSA (NEW YORK CANYON, NEVADA, USA)
> PALAIOS
Published: 01 April 2016
Table 1.— Paleoecology of the Triassic–Jurassic interval in the Gabbs Valley Range, Mineral County, NV, USA. *Bivalve genera identified in the upper Ferguson Hill Formation from present work include cf. Trigonia, Weyla , cf. Plagiostoma , cf. Astarte, Pinna , Modiolus, cf. Cardinia , cf
Journal Article
Detailed biostratigraphy of Triassic deposits in the Lena lower reaches ( northern Yakutia ) Available to Purchase
Journal: Russian Geology and Geophysics
Publisher: Novosibirsk State University
Published: 01 September 2007
Russ. Geol. Geophys. (2007) 48 (9): 721–736.
...), Janaija praelonga (Kipar.), Cardinioides fidus Kur., and Falcimytilus nasai Kob. et Ichik.; 7 m — bivalves Cardinioides fidus Kur. and Meleagrinella polaris (Kittl) and gastropods Worthenia sp.; 12 m — ammonoids Arctophyllites taimyrensis (Popow), bivalves Cardinia sp. juv., brachiopods...
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Journal Article
ZONATION OF THE TRlASSIC DEPOSITS OF THE OMULEVKA UPLIFT ( Kolyma basin ) Available to Purchase
Journal: Russian Geology and Geophysics
Publisher: Novosibirsk State University
Published: 01 October 1997
Russ. Geol. Geophys. (1997) 38 (10): 1691–1706.
... Zittelihalobia ex gr. talajaensis (Polub.), Cardinia sp. indet.; brachiopods Sinuplicorhynchia kegalensis Dagys, ? PennospiriJerina sp.; ostracodes; 2–6.5 m – coleoids “Atractites” sp.; anaptychi; bivalves Zittelihalobia ex gr. zhilnensis (Polub.), Meleagrinella ex gr. polaris (Kittl...
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Journal Article
Gastropod egg capsules preserved on bivalve shells from the Lower Jurassic (Hettangian) of Poland Available to Purchase
Journal: PALAIOS
Publisher: SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology
Published: 01 September 2009
PALAIOS (2009) 24 (9): 568–577.
... by representatives of the Family Cardiniidae, but a few specimens of Modiolus and Taeniodon , as well as unionoid bivalves, were also identified ( Pieńkowski, 2004 ). All the egg capsules, however, are preserved only on shell surfaces of Cardinia . Invertebrate eggs are not common in the fossil record due...
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Biogeographical range of mollusks and brachiopods in the Carnian. Boreal ta... Available to Purchase
in PALEOBIOGEOGRAPHIC CRITERIA OF TERRANE GEODYNAMICS OF NORTHEASTERN ASIA IN MESOZOIC
> Russian Geology and Geophysics
Published: 01 November 1996
, Anatropiles , Gonionotites , Yuvaviles , Projuvavites , Costatoria , Maorilrigonia , Cassianella , Pteria . Cosmopolitan taxa: Sirenites , Proarcestes , Zittelihalobia , Oxytoma , Cardinia , Chlamys , Neoschizodus , Unioniles , Costispirijerina , Zeilleria . Symbols: circles indicate
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Examples of fossils collected from Redcar; specimens housed in Whitby Museu... Available to Purchase
in The Hettangian–Sinemurian (Lower Jurassic) strata of Redcar, Cleveland Basin, NE England: facies and palaeoecology
> Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society
Published: 17 June 2020
) (WHITM: 2020/1.3); ( D ) Red 2 photomicrograph of microgastropod in thin section; ( E ) Red 12 Isocrinus psilonoti (Quenstedt), partially articulated specimen with cirri, photographed in situ; ( F – I ) Red 15, Cardinia listeri (J. Sowerby) featuring a range of cirripede borings (WHITM: 2020/1.4–8
Journal Article
Triassic stratigraphy of the Eastern Laptev Sea coast and New Siberian Islands Available to Purchase
Journal: Russian Geology and Geophysics
Publisher: Novosibirsk State University
Published: 01 August 2013
Russ. Geol. Geophys. (2013) 54 (8): 792–807.
... Sobolev); bivalves Zittelihalobia zhilnensis (Polubotko), Cardinia borealis Kiparisova, C. sibirica Voronetz, Cardinioides fidus Kur., Janopecten subpolaris (Polubotko), Ochotochlamys aff. korkodonensis (Polubotko), Pleuromya forsbergi (Boehm); brachiopods Sakawairhynchia olenekensis...
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Journal Article
Correlation of the Triassic-Jurassic boundary in England and Austria Available to Purchase
Journal: Journal of the Geological Society
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Published: 01 May 1990
Journal of the Geological Society (1990) 147 (3): 421–424.
... Cardinia hybrida, Pseudoli- mea hettangiensis, Antiquilima succincta and Chlamys tex- toria first occur in the basal few centimetres of the Grenz- mergel (Golebiowski & Braunstein 1988). The Eiberg (Tirol) section reveals that here is an almost complete turnover in the low diversity coccolith flora within...
Journal Article
Gryphaea beds (upper Scunthorpe Mudstone Formation; Lower Jurassic) at Scunthorpe, North Lincolnshire, north-east England Available to Purchase
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Published: 01 November 2008
Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society (2008) 57 (2): 107–112.
.... Disarticulated bivalves occur throughout the ironstone, including large numbers of mostly worn G. arcuata, together with small pectinids and Cardinia sp. In the summer of 2006 a further excavation was documented approximately 200–300 m to the southeast, between SE 88421431 and 8822 1452 ( Figs 2 , 3...
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Journal Article
Bivalve body-size distribution through the Late Triassic mass extinction event Available to Purchase
Journal: Paleobiology
Publisher: Paleontological Society
Published: 01 August 2022
Paleobiology (2022) 48 (3): 420–445.
.... 3 . As, Astarte sp.; Ca, Camptonectes sp.; CR, Cardinia regularis ; Cas, Cassianella sp.; CV, Chlamys valoniensis ; Da, Dacryomya sp. GO, Gervillella ornata ; GrO, Gryphaea obliquata .; GH, Grammatodon hettangiensis ; IC, Isocyprina concentricum ; IE, Isocyprina ewaldi ; LB, Liostrea...
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Associated fauna in beds bearing Neuquemya leanzaorum n. gen. n. sp. ... Available to Purchase
in New bivalve genus from the Early Jurassic of Neuquén Basin, Argentina, and its bearing on the Cuspidariidae (Poromyida) fossil record
> Journal of Paleontology
Published: 24 September 2018
, 1915 ) − X Lucinidae indet. X X Mesomiltha ? sp. − X Cardinia andium (Giebel in Burmeister and Giebel, 1861 ) X − Neocrassina aureliae (Feruglio, 1934 ) X X Isocyprina ancatruzi (Leanza, 1942 ) X X Pleuromya sp. X X Ceratomya sp. X
Journal Article
Discussion on correlation of the Triassic–Jurassic boundary in England and Austria Available to Purchase
Journal: Journal of the Geological Society
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Published: 01 April 1991
Journal of the Geological Society (1991) 148 (2): 420–422.
... a significant Triassic ancestry. Cardinia hybrida is regarded by Hodges as a junior synonym of C. listeri (Sowerby) and does not occur at a lower stratigraphical position than the Angulata Zone of the Hettangian; stratigraphically earlier records of this species probably belong to C. ovalis (Stutchbury) which...
Journal Article
Missing molluscs: Field testing taphonomic loss in the Mesozoic through early large-scale aragonite dissolution Available to Purchase
Journal: Geology
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 01 March 2003
Geology (2003) 31 (3): 211–214.
...Figure 3. Molluscs from silicified fauna, showing fine preservation of shell features; scale bars represent 1 cm. Note beekitized patches on shell in A and C. A: Gryphaea arcuata , dorsal view. B: Pholadomya glabra , right valve. C: Cardinia listeri , left valve. D: Allocosmia ...
FIGURES
Image
Body size and survivorship in bivalves during the Late Triassic mass extinc... Available to Purchase
Published: 01 August 2022
, Cardinia regularis ; Cas, Cassianella sp.; CV, Chlamys valoniensis ; Da, Dacryomya sp. GO, Gervillella ornata ; GrO, Gryphaea obliquata .; GH, Grammatodon hettangiensis ; IC, Isocyprina concentricum ; IE, Isocyprina ewaldi ; LB, Liostrea bristovi ; LH, Liostrea hisingeri ; MCa, Mactromya
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Correlation of Tr–J boundary sections at Astartekløft and St Audrie’s Bay a... Available to Purchase
in Palynostratigraphy and vegetation history of the Triassic–Jurassic transition in East Greenland
> Journal of the Geological Society
Published: 01 January 2013
, Isocyprina ewaldi ; 18, Cassianella sp.; 19, Plagiostoma giganteum ; 20, Plagiostoma punctuatum ; 21, Cardinia regularis ; 22, Lyriomyophoria postera ; 23, Liostrea sp.; 24, Liostrea hisingeri ; 25, Pleuromya sp.; 26, Oxytoma fallax ; 27, Pseudomytiloides dubius ; 28, Rollieria bronni ; 29
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