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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Cahaba Synclinorium
Carboniferous History from Coarse Detritus of the Appalachian-Cahaba System: Conglomerate Clasts from the Upper Pottsville Formation, Cahaba Synclinorium, Alabama
Detrital History of the Lower Pennsylvanian Pottsville Formation In the Cahaba Synclinorium of Alabama, U.S.A.
Diachronous Thrust Loading and Fault Partitioning of the Black Warrior Foreland Basin within the Alabama Recess of the Late Paleozoic Appalachian—Ouachita Thrust Belt
Abstract: The triangular outline of the late Paleozoic Black Warrior foreland basin on the southern edge of the North American craton in Alabama and Mississippi is framed on the southwest by the northwest-striking Ouachita thrust front and on the southeast by northeast-striking Appalachian thrust-belt structures. The nearly orthogonal intersection of the Ouachita and Appalachian thrust belts implies a composite history of flexural subsidence of the foreland. A long homocline that dips southwest beneath the Ouachita thrust front defines the structure of the basin, and a southwestward-thickening, northeastward-prograding synorogenic clastic wedge of Mississippian and Pennsylvanian rocks fills the basin, indicating a thrust load and sediment source (Ouachita thrust belt) on the southwest. A synorogenic clastic wedge in the Appalachian thrust belt (Cahaba synclinorium) is similar in provenance and dispersal to that in the Black Warrior basin, indicating that the palinspastic site of Appalachian thrust sheets was also part of the original Ouachita foreland. Greater thickness of the clastic wedge in the Cahaba synclinorium reflects partitioning of the Ouachita foreland by reactivation of the down-to-southeast Birmingham basement fault system. Addition of northwest-prograding clastic sediment during the Early Pennsylvanian records initiation of Appalachian orogenesis on the southeast. Subsequently, the southeastern part of the southwest-dipping Black Warrior foreland basin was displaced by northwest-propagating Appalachian thrusts, and part of the older, northeastward-prograding, Ouachita-derived clastic wedge was imbricated.
Abstract At Birmingham, in the central part of the Appalachian foldthrust belt in Alabama, the Birmingham anticlinorium is associated with a large-scale ramp on the regional decollement and includes the Opossum Valley and Jones Valley thrust sheets (Figs. 1,2, and 3). The southeast limb of the asymmetric anticlinorium in the hanging wall of the Jones Valley fault dips gently southeast into the Cahaba synclinorium (Locality 42); the northwest limb in the footwall of the Opossum Valley fault is overturned and dips steeply southeast (Locality 43) (Fig. 3). The youngest rocks in the anticlinorium are Early Pennsylvanian, indicating thrusting during the Alleghanian orogeny. The Middle Cambrian Conasauga Formation is the oldest unit in the hanging walls of the Opossum Valley and Jones Valley thrust faults, thus indicating the stratigraphic level of the regional decollement (Fig. 3). The Appalachian fold-thrust belt in Alabama may be divided into three domains (Thomas, 1982). The Birmingham anticlinorium is the most northwesterly structure in the central domain, which is characterized by large-scale thrust ramps and associated folds having structural relief of more than 15,000 ft (4,500 m). In contrast, the northwestern domain is characterized by broad, flat-bottomed synclines and narrow, asymmetric anticline having relief of less than 10,000 ft (3,000 m). The southeastern domain is characterized by broad, low-angle, multiplelevel thrust sheets. Amplitude of structures within the central domain, as indicated by dip angles on fold limbs and by preserved thickness of Paleozoic rocks in the synclines, defines a minimum depth to basement of approximately 23,000 ft
Location map of the Cahaba and surrounding basins. A , Regional map showin...
A , B) Simple cross sections and C) schematic source distributions for ...
The right column shows the generalized stratigraphic column of the conglome...
Strike-parallel cross sections illustrate lateral ramps. Lithotectonic unit...
Mushwad: Ductile Duplex in the Appalachian Thrust Belt in Alabama
A NEW PENNSYLVANIAN QUASILLITACEAN? OSTRACODE FROM OHIO
Multi-proxy provenance of the lower Pennsylvanian Pottsville sandstone of the northern Appalachian basin in Pennsylvania, U.S.A: Paleodrainage, sources, and detrital history
Coal-Body Geometry and Synsedimentary Detachment Folding in Oak Grove Coalbed Methane Field, Black Warrior Basin, Alabama
Demarcation of Early Pennsylvanian paleovalleys in depozones of the Appalachian foreland-basin system based on detrital-zircon U-Pb and Hf analysis
Detrital zircon geothermochronology reveals pre-Alleghanian exhumation of regional Mississippian sediment sources in the southern Appalachian Valley and Ridge Province
Balancing tectonic shortening in contrasting deformation styles through a mechanically heterogeneous stratigraphic succession
Multiple levels of frontal ramps and detachment flats accommodate tectonic shortening in contrasting deformation styles at different levels in a mechanically hetero geneous stratigraphic succession in a foreland thrust belt. The late Paleozoic Appalachian thrust belt in Alabama exhibits a balance of shortening in contrasting deformation styles at different stratigraphic levels. The regional décollement is in a weak unit (Cambrian shale) near the base of the Paleozoic succession above Precambrian crystalline basement rocks. Basement faults, now beneath the décollement, controlled the sedimentary thickness of the Cambrian shale and the location of high-amplitude frontal ramps of the regional stiff layer (Cambrian-Ordovician massive carbonate); shortening in a mushwad (ductile duplex) from thick Cambrian shale is balanced by translation of the regional stiff layer at a high-amplitude frontal ramp above a basement fault. A trailing, high-amplitude, brittle duplex of the regional stiff layer has a floor on the regional décollement and a roof that is also the floor of an upper-level, lower-amplitude, brittle duplex. The roof of the upper-level brittle duplex is a diffuse ductile detachment below an upper-level mushwad, with which parts of the brittle duplex are imbricated. The basal detachment of the upper-level mushwad changes along strike into a frontal ramp at a location coincident with a sedimentary facies change in the weak shale unit that hosts the mushwad. The roof of the upper-level mushwad is a brittle massive sandstone. Shortening on the regional décollement is balanced successively upward through contrasting tectonic styles in successive mechanically contrasting stratigraphic units.