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Burgersdorp Formation

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Journal Article
Journal: PALAIOS
Published: 01 August 2016
PALAIOS (2016) 31 (8): 389–403.
...EMESE M. BORDY; WILLIAM D. KRUMMECK Abstract An Early Triassic continental ichnofossil assemblage dominated by ∼ 4 cm diameter burrow casts was discovered in the transitional zone of the Katberg and Burgersdorp formations in the SE main Karoo Basin (Eastern Cape, South Africa). Analyses...
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First thumbnail for: ENIGMATIC CONTINENTAL BURROWS FROM THE EARLY TRIAS...
Second thumbnail for: ENIGMATIC CONTINENTAL BURROWS FROM THE EARLY TRIAS...
Third thumbnail for: ENIGMATIC CONTINENTAL BURROWS FROM THE EARLY TRIAS...
Journal Article
Published: 01 June 2020
South African Journal of Geology (2020) 123 (2): 217–238.
... (Stormberg Group) and corresponds to the entire Burgersdorp Formation. It is characterised by the presence throughout of the cynodont genus Cynognathus . The biozone reaches a maximum thickness of around 650 m in the southeast part of the basin and thins dramatically to the north, where it is only a maximum...
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First thumbnail for: Biostratigraphy of the Cynognathus Assemblage Zone...
Second thumbnail for: Biostratigraphy of the Cynognathus Assemblage Zone...
Third thumbnail for: Biostratigraphy of the Cynognathus Assemblage Zone...
Journal Article
Journal: PALAIOS
Published: 01 October 2005
PALAIOS (2005) 20 (5): 479–497.
... been taken in the investigation of pre-boundary, trans-boundary, and post-boundary plant-fossil assemblages in the Karoo Basin, South Africa. Fourteen stratigraphic sections were evaluated in the Balfour and Normandien formations (Lower Beaufort Group), Katberg Formation, and overlying Burgersdorp...
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First thumbnail for: Taphonomic Trends of Macrofloral Assemblages Acros...
Second thumbnail for: Taphonomic Trends of Macrofloral Assemblages Acros...
Third thumbnail for: Taphonomic Trends of Macrofloral Assemblages Acros...
Journal Article
Published: 01 December 2015
South African Journal of Geology (2015) 118 (4): 355–372.
... in the Balfour, Katberg and Burgersdorp formations respectively. This data shows that certain parts of the Beaufort Group stratigraphic succession that are present in the southern part of the Karoo Basin, are absent in the central Free State, indicating either a depositional hiatus or a period of erosion...
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First thumbnail for: Sedimentology and Palaeontology of the Beaufort Gr...
Second thumbnail for: Sedimentology and Palaeontology of the Beaufort Gr...
Third thumbnail for: Sedimentology and Palaeontology of the Beaufort Gr...
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FIGURE 2—General stratigraphic succession showing details of the Beaufort Group. The lower portion of the Burgersdorp Formation is approximately equivalent to the Driekoppen Formation (sensuGroenewald, 1984, 1996). Data based on Visser (1991), Johnson et al. (1997), and SACS (1995)
Published: 01 April 2001
FIGURE 2 —General stratigraphic succession showing details of the Beaufort Group. The lower portion of the Burgersdorp Formation is approximately equivalent to the Driekoppen Formation ( sensu Groenewald, 1984 , 1996 ). Data based on Visser (1991) , Johnson et al. (1997) , and SACS (1995)
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Generalized stratigraphic section showing the litho- and biostratigraphy in the study area in the south of the Karoo Basin. The Katberg Formation is dominated by thick sandstone units, whereas mudstone is predominant in the overlying Burgersdorp Formation. The mandible indicates the position where CGP 1/5 was recovered. Stratigraphic ranges of the principal tetrapod taxa are indicated. Dashed lines indicate a range extension based on tentative identification.
Published: 01 November 2000
Figure 2. Generalized stratigraphic section showing the litho- and biostratigraphy in the study area in the south of the Karoo Basin. The Katberg Formation is dominated by thick sandstone units, whereas mudstone is predominant in the overlying Burgersdorp Formation. The mandible indicates
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FIGURE 12—Diagram showing stratigraphic order of localities used in this study plotted with the taphonomic characteristics of the plant assemblages collected. A shift from allochthonous assemblages to parautochthonous assemblages in the Late Permian is evident. The latest Permian localities are characterized only by allochthonous plant accumulations, a depositional feature limited by prevailing hydrological conditions that continued into the Middle Triassic Burgersdorp Formation
Published: 01 October 2005
are characterized only by allochthonous plant accumulations, a depositional feature limited by prevailing hydrological conditions that continued into the Middle Triassic Burgersdorp Formation
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Location, stratigraphy, and sedimentology of the main study area. A) Schematic geological map of the main Karoo Basin showing the study localities with J-shaped symbols near Engcobo (GPS 31°53′6.50″S, 28° 4′3.01″E), Tsolo (31°18′47.74″S, 28°46′16.17″E) and Tina River Bridge (GPS 31° 2′16.98″S, 28°53′19.38″E). Inset shows the distribution of the Katberg and Burgersdorp formations in the Transkei, a geologically neglected region of the SE main Karoo Basin (after Kitching 1977). B) The combined litho- and biostratigraphy chart of the Lower to Middle Triassic Tarkastad Subgroup is modified after Neveling et al. (2005); Rubidge (2005); Abdala and Ribeiro (2010); Rubidge et al. (2013). The upper boundaries of the Lystrosaurus AZ and Subzone A and B in the Cynognathus AZ are not radiometrically established; see Abdala and Ribeiro (2010) for an in depth explanation. DaAZ = Daptocephalus Assemblage Zone (Viglietti et al. 2016); Adel. SG. = Adelaide Subgroup; S-MJB = southern main Karoo Basin. Geological time scale from Cohen et al. (2013). Blue dashed line marks the Lystrosaurus and Cynognathus AZ boundary according to Lucas (2010) and Ogg et al. (2014). C) Summary log of the sedimentary features and trace fossils observed at the Engcobo study locality. Dots = sand; dashes = mud; wavy line = erosive contact. Note the two main burrow horizons at ∼ 8.5 and ∼ 12.5 m and a laterally persistent paleosol at ∼ 10.5 m (Fig. 2A).
Published: 01 August 2016
′16.98″S, 28°53′19.38″E). Inset shows the distribution of the Katberg and Burgersdorp formations in the Transkei, a geologically neglected region of the SE main Karoo Basin (after Kitching 1977 ). B ) The combined litho- and biostratigraphy chart of the Lower to Middle Triassic Tarkastad Subgroup
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FIGURE 9—Measured Permian and Early to Middle Triassic stratigraphic sections (for details on localities, see Fig. 3 and Appendix <http://www.sepm.org/archive/index.html>). (A) Donga and roadcut section at Wapadsberg, with poorly preserved Glossopteris leaves beneath the EPP in a fining-upwards channel-fill sequence. Outcrop exposure is very limited, preventing assessment of rock-body geometries. (B) Partial section at Bethulie spanning the P/Tr boundary in which Glossopteris-bearing assemblages are preserved below the EPP, and a fragmentary assemblage was found in the Early Triassic. The exact placement of the P/Tr boundary at this section is contentious. Ward et al. (2000), Smith and Ward (2001), and Ward et al. (2005) placed the boundary at the top of the carbonate-nodule bearing paleosol (EPP; at asterisk) below the laminated event beds. Retallack et al. (2003) placed the P/Tr boundary at the top of the laminated event beds, based on the presence of the Late Permian therocephalian Moschorhinus (at spiral). Although unstated, Ward et al. (2005) considered the extended range of Moschorhinus and Tetracynodon into the earliest Triassic laminated event beds as indicative of survivor taxa (see Ward et al., 2005, and data therein). (C) Exposures in a donga, railway, and roadcuts in which the P/Tr boundary reportedly is exposed at Carlton Heights. Ward et al. (2005) placed the boundary at the carbonate-nodule bearing horizon below their laminated event beds, whereas Retallack et al. (2003, fig. 4) placed the boundary at the top of this sequence (i.e., laminites; at the spiral). No laminites were observed in either the donga or laterally equivalent strata at this locality (Gray et al., 2004). Poorly preserved fossil plants occur in the Katberg Formation; no fossil plants have been recovered from the Palingkloof Member, although very poorly preserved macrofloral remains were collected in the Elandsberg Member. Note that a complex stratigraphy exists in this section requiring a generalization of rock relationships in the diagram. (D) A Middle Triassic exposure of the Burgersdorp Formation at Boesmanshoek Pass exemplifies the relationship of plant-fossil assemblages within these fluvial systems
Published: 01 October 2005
exposure of the Burgersdorp Formation at Boesmanshoek Pass exemplifies the relationship of plant-fossil assemblages within these fluvial systems
Journal Article
Published: 01 November 2000
Geological Magazine (2000) 137 (6): 659–665.
...Figure 2. Generalized stratigraphic section showing the litho- and biostratigraphy in the study area in the south of the Karoo Basin. The Katberg Formation is dominated by thick sandstone units, whereas mudstone is predominant in the overlying Burgersdorp Formation. The mandible indicates...
FIGURES
First thumbnail for: First trematosaurid temnospondyl from the Lystrosa...
Second thumbnail for: First trematosaurid temnospondyl from the Lystrosa...
Journal Article
Published: 01 June 2020
South African Journal of Geology (2020) 123 (2): 207–216.
... sandstone package in the proximal) sector of the basin (R Smith pers. obs.). Above the Swartberg member the uppermost Katberg Formation fines upwards into the Burgersdorp Formation, which contains the overlying Cynognathus Assemblage Zone ( Neveling, 2004 ). Neveling ( 2004 ) followed du Toit’s (1917...
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First thumbnail for: Biostratigraphy of the Lystrosaurus declivis Assem...
Second thumbnail for: Biostratigraphy of the Lystrosaurus declivis Assem...
Third thumbnail for: Biostratigraphy of the Lystrosaurus declivis Assem...
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Sedimentological and ichnological features at the Engcobo study locality in the transitional zone of the Katberg and Burgersdorp Formations. A) Two main burrow horizons (white bars) are in deep red, desiccated (dc) mudstones that are interbedded with laterally persistent, white or light pink sandstones forming 0.1 to 2 m thick, upward-coarsening successions. These are strongly bioturbated and are interpreted as crevasse splays deposits (cs). In the upper one third of the outcrop, a laterally persistent paleosol is marked by abundant rhizoliths (r) with distinctive, dusky purple (5P 3/2) alteration haloes. Person for scale = 1.76 m (in A and B). B) Up to 1.3 m deep, sandstone-filled mudcracks (dc) and interbedded, heavily bioturbated crevasse splay (cs) sandstones. C) Bedding plane view of sandstone-filled mudcracks (dc) and invertebrate traces in both horizontal (line-marking) and vertical (circles and x-marking) orientations. Left center shows the cross-sectional view of a larger burrow cast (Fig. 3). D) Heavy bioturbation in crevasse splay (cs) sandstones locally disrupts the lateral continuity of the sandstone. Where the bioturbation index is 2–3, the invertebrate traces are mainly vertical, slightly curved, < 0.5 cm diameter shafts (see insets) that can be filled by either sandstone or red mudstone. E) Distinctive, dusky purple (5P 3/2) alteration haloes taper downward and are surrounded by very fine, whitish, calcareous filaments (< 0.5 cm diameter – see F) that often radiate and thin away from the haloes in plan-view (upper right in E). F) Cross-sectional view of a macroscopic calcified filament in this photomicrograph reveals beta-type microstructures in soils: a microsparite filled void surrounded by radiating, smaller micrite and opaque minerals (sensuZhou and Chafetz 2009). Photo taken in plane polarized light. All features in E and F are interpreted as rhizoliths (r). G) Type I burrow cast (single occurrence) has ∼ 2 cm diameter, and is tentatively assigned to Katbergia isp. Inset show the same burrow with its outlines highlighted for clarity. H, I) Type II burrow casts (two single occurrences) are tentatively assigned to Reniformichnus isp. Insets show in cross-section the slightly flattened (H) and well-developed (I) reniform shape of the borrow casts. Note that in (I) the burrow cast is larger and has a better developed bilobate base.
Published: 01 August 2016
Fig. 2.— Sedimentological and ichnological features at the Engcobo study locality in the transitional zone of the Katberg and Burgersdorp Formations. A ) Two main burrow horizons (white bars) are in deep red, desiccated (dc) mudstones that are interbedded with laterally persistent, white
Journal Article
Published: 01 September 2005
South African Journal of Geology (2005) 108 (3): 454–461.
... of the Early Triassic (Induan) Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone, and would pre-date the main eruptive phase at 183±1Ma ( Duncan et al. , 1997 ) by some sixty million years. The second reference quoted by Turner (1999 , Figure 14, p. 231) in support of laumontite in the Burgersdorp Formation (Beaufort Group...
Journal Article
Journal: PALAIOS
Published: 01 April 2001
PALAIOS (2001) 16 (2): 148–160.
...FIGURE 2 —General stratigraphic succession showing details of the Beaufort Group. The lower portion of the Burgersdorp Formation is approximately equivalent to the Driekoppen Formation ( sensu Groenewald, 1984 , 1996 ). Data based on Visser (1991) , Johnson et al. (1997) , and SACS (1995) ...
FIGURES
First thumbnail for: Vertebrate Burrow Complexes from the Early Triassi...
Second thumbnail for: Vertebrate Burrow Complexes from the Early Triassi...
Third thumbnail for: Vertebrate Burrow Complexes from the Early Triassi...
Journal Article
Published: 01 July 2013
Journal of Sedimentary Research (2013) 83 (7): 531–540.
... al. 2002 ), and Neveling (2004) proposed that only the former unit should be correlated with the middle Katberg Formation because the lowermost and uppermost sections of the Katberg Formation are restricted to the proximal part of the basin. The predominantly argillaceous Burgersdorp Formation...
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First thumbnail for: Mud Aggregates from the Katberg <span class="searc...
Second thumbnail for: Mud Aggregates from the Katberg <span class="searc...
Third thumbnail for: Mud Aggregates from the Katberg <span class="searc...
Journal Article
Published: 16 January 2007
Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (2006) 43 (11): 1685–1693.
... collecting efforts have been concentrated on this facies. Those of the “impoverished zone” of the upper part of the Katberg Formation and lower part of the Burgersdorp Formation, however, are so poorly fossiliferous that prospecting of intraformational conglomerates is an attractive alternative (J. Neveling...
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First thumbnail for: New material of Procolophon (Parareptilia: Procolo...
Second thumbnail for: New material of Procolophon (Parareptilia: Procolo...
Third thumbnail for: New material of Procolophon (Parareptilia: Procolo...
Journal Article
Published: 26 October 2020
Geological Magazine (2021) 158 (6): 1035–1058.
... Lifua Member (Manda Formation) of the Ruhuhu Basin of Tanzania (Smith et al . 2018 ). These assertions indicate that the Escarpment Grit in Zambia must be either equivalent in age or, more likely, older than the Cynognathus Assemblage Zone, that is, similar in age to the Katberg or lower Burgersdorp...
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First thumbnail for: Sedimentology and palaeontology of the Upper Karoo...
Second thumbnail for: Sedimentology and palaeontology of the Upper Karoo...
Third thumbnail for: Sedimentology and palaeontology of the Upper Karoo...
Journal Article
Journal: PALAIOS
Published: 01 February 2011
PALAIOS (2011) 26 (2): 99–105.
.... (2001) in burrows from the Early Triassic Burgersdorp Formation of South Africa. Both burrow occurrences have been attributed to cynodont therapsids. Burrows described there are, however, smaller and more circular in cross section than the Holy Cross burrows. The basic question is what organism...
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First thumbnail for: VERTEBRATE BURROW SYSTEM FROM THE UPPER TRIASSIC O...
Second thumbnail for: VERTEBRATE BURROW SYSTEM FROM THE UPPER TRIASSIC O...
Third thumbnail for: VERTEBRATE BURROW SYSTEM FROM THE UPPER TRIASSIC O...
Journal Article
Published: 01 March 2017
South African Journal of Geology (2017) 120 (1): 45–60.
... to thick bedded red and minor green mudstone. Pedogenic and diagenetic carbonate nodules, plant, vertebrate, and ichnofossils common. Thin mudstone beds are present, with red mudstone beds increasing in abundance towards the upper boundary of the formation as it grades into the Burgersdorp F ( Johnson...
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First thumbnail for: Revised lithostratigraphy of the Upper Permian Bal...
Second thumbnail for: Revised lithostratigraphy of the Upper Permian Bal...
Third thumbnail for: Revised lithostratigraphy of the Upper Permian Bal...
Journal Article
Published: 16 November 2023
Journal of Sedimentary Research (2023) 93 (10): 741–775.
... is the Triassic Katberg Formation ( Fig. 1B ), characterized by its relatively arenaceous character when compared with the adjacent Balfour and Burgersdorp formations ( Groenewald 1996 ). Neveling (2004) recognized an upward-thickening and -coarsening trend in the formation, culminating in stacked cliff-forming...
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First thumbnail for: Braided-river architecture of the Triassic Swartbe...
Second thumbnail for: Braided-river architecture of the Triassic Swartbe...
Third thumbnail for: Braided-river architecture of the Triassic Swartbe...