Abstract Following the 1895 Sixth International Geographical Congress declaration that Antarctica was the greatest goal in exploration, an intensive period of Antarctic Exploration (1895–1922) was ushered in with multiple expeditions to the South Polar regions. These often included geological exploration in their scientific programmes. During this period, evidence for the geological links between the Antarctic Peninsula and the Andes was gathered, the outline stratigraphy of the Transantarctic Mountains deciphered and the first studies of Antarctica’s palaeontology undertaken, in addition to the attainment of the Geographical South Pole.

Abstract There was a shift away from, but not an abandonment of, mining and Dalradian topics after Gregory's January 1910 presidential address, towards geomorphological topics such as the origin of fjords, sea lochs, lakes and glacial deposits. In the summers of 1910 and 1912 he went to Spain, probably with Audrey, on holiday as no overt scientific account followed, but he included his coastal observations in Gregory (1913) . In August–September 1910 he visited Sweden in connection with the International Geological Congress, returning immediately to the BA Meeting in Sheffield. From 1910–13 he was President of the Scottish Ski Club ( Who Was Who , 3). In 1911 he was elected Dean of the Science Faculty (Senate minutes), presumably for three years, and he made a long holiday trip with Audrey to France, Italy and Dalmatia, returning through Germany. It was also in 1911 that Gregory became a member of the Athenaeum Club (Athenaeum records), probably in order to enjoy more comfortable accommodation and more congenial company during his visits to London. He remained a member until his death. In 1912, he led an expedition to Benguella (Angola). His movements during the summer of 1913 are uncertain. Audrey had three thimbles purchased in 1913 in Langres, France, which suggests she might have been there with Gregory; however, she sometimes went on summer painting holidays to the continent when Gregory was away. There is a letter in August 1914 from Gregory showing his concern about her getting out of France quickly at the