...Jason P. Field; David D. Breshears; Darin J. Law; Juan C. Villegas; Laura López-Hoffman; Paul D. Brooks; Jon Chorover; Greg A. Barron-Gafford; Rachel E. Gallery; Marcy E. Litvak; Rebecca A. Lybrand; Jennifer C. McIntosh; Thomas Meixner; Guo-Yue Niu; Shirley A. Papuga; Jon D. Pelletier; Craig R...

... by replacement of pinyon with juniper ( Allen and Breshears, 1998 ) and then by progressive replacement with shrubs and grasses, not by an immediate conversion to shrubland with greatly reduced cover. Rapid transformation of juniper open stands into sparse shrub cover could have caused an increase in runoff...

... paleontologist, Maurice G. Mehl, once portrayed Koch as a showman who was rivaled only by P. T. Barnum ( Mehl 1962 , p. 29), while John Francis McDermott, the renowned Mississippi Valley historian, characterized Koch as one of the oddities so often found on the American scene in the early nineteenth century...

... country formed by erosion of the Permian strata to the south of the Devonian strata. Sussmilch, (1940) reconstructed events leading to the formation of the Hunter Valley. According to him, during Eocene to Miocene, a cycle of erosion induced the formation of Great East Australian Peneplain followed...

...–organic weathering products, soil horizonation, preferential flow paths, vegetation distribution, ridge and valley formation) evolves at the expense of increased entropy in the CZ surroundings (i.e., dissipative products of physical and chemical denudation, gas and latent heat fluxes) ( Fig. 1 ). The CZ...

... ). The oak woodlands of California are a critical resource to the state, providing important ecosystem services, including aesthetics, C storage, and hydrologic and nutrient cycling ( Dahlgren et al., 1997 ; Querejeta et al., 2007 ). Moreover, they are important to soil formation and retention and erosion...

... faunas of the Dharmsala Formation of Kangra Valley, Himachal Pradesh (Tiwari et al. 2006 ; Sehgal and Bhandari 2014 ), and the Murree Formation of Jammu and Kashmir (Kumar and Kad 2003 ). The detrital mineral ages are maxima, and the oldest estimate of 39.6 Ma comes from the untenable assumption...

... the CZ, such as mass and energy exchange, soil formation, streamflow generation, and landscape evolution are crucial to sustaining biodiversity and humanity ( Lin et al., 2011 ; Field et al., 2015 ). The CZ supplies nearly every life-sustaining resource on which life originates, evolves, and thrives...

... accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon dates and tephrochronology of ashes from the Lava Creek B and multiple Long Valley, California, volcanic eruptions. We correlated middle and late Pleistocene glacial maxima to deep lake deposits defined by well-preserved bedding, increased biosilica, boreal pollen...

... of Earth and Planetary Sciences , v. 45 , p. 561 – 591 , https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-060614-105405 . Perron , J.T. , Kirchner , J.W. , and Dietrich , W.E. , 2009 , Formation of evenly spaced ridges and valleys : Nature , v. 460 , no. 7254 , p. 502 – 505 , https...

...Mark R. Sweeney; Eric V. McDonald; Lucas P. Chabela; Paul R. Hanson Abstract The formation of the Kelso Dunes in the eastern Mojave Desert, California, was a landscape-changing event triggered by an increase in sediment supply that followed the incision of Afton Canyon by the Mojave River ca. 25 ka...

... and subsequent incision in Safford Basin. In addition to constraining the timing of a deposit’s formation, cosmogenic nuclide burial dates provide paleo-upland erosion rates at the time of deposition. Erosion rates in the Pinaleño Mountains have been generally moderate over the past 4 m.y., ranging between ∼30...

... Be min data; circles with bull’s-eye are sites where 10 Be i , 10 Be m , 9 Be reac , and 9 Be min were measured. Numbers next to sample sites designate the sample ID following the format POTxx. White star is the location of the Hybla Valley sediment core. Black squares are cities: B—Baltimore...

...., 2008 , 2010 ; Heimsath et al., 2010 ; Matmon et al., 2013 ; Boroda et al., 2014 ), as well as the ages and mechanisms of desert landform formation ( Wells et al., 1995 ; Dunai et al., 2005 ; Fujioka et al., 2005 , 2009 ; Fujioka, 2007 ; Matmon et al., 2009 ; Jansen et al., 2013 ; Fisher et...

... understanding of how the regolith is sculpted over time by various geological and biological agents. Specifically, we review the ways in which reactive transport approaches have helped to understand the initiation of weathering via the opening of porosity at the bedrock interface, the formation of weathering...

... and pavement) cannot infiltrate most of water. The generation of shallow soil interflow depends on multi-phase flow dynamics between water and air in the unsaturated zone (via Richard's equation), and the formation of perched water table and saturated zone where water is sufficient to flow toward a stream...