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Brawley earthquake 2012

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Journal Article
Published: 01 April 2013
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2013) 103 (2A): 1141–1147.
... mechanism ( θ =59°±1°) with a centroid depth of about 4.0 km and an M w of 5.4 for the mainshock of the 2012 Brawley earthquake. Online Material: Figures showing examples of waveform fits, comparison of synthetic teleseismic waveforms using different grid sizes in the FD calculation, effect of soft sediment...
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Journal Article
Published: 01 March 2013
Seismological Research Letters (2013) 84 (2): 177–189.
... important for understanding the crustal deformation processes that cause such swarms. © 2013 by the Seismological Society of America The 2012 Brawley earthquake swarm occurred in the Brawley Seismic Zone ( BSZ ) within the Imperial Valley of southern California (Fig.  1 ). The BSZ...
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Hypocenters of the 26 August 2012 Brawley earthquake swarm. Solid dots denote relocated earthquakes from Hauksson et al. (2012). The contours show the depth of basement rocks with depth labeled at an interval of 1 km (Magistrale et al., 2000). Solid triangles are local seismic stations used in this study. The dashed line denotes the inverted strike direction. The inset shows the locations and focal mechanisms of the Mw 3.9 foreshock and the mainshock. The color version of this figure is available only in the electronic edition.
Published: 01 April 2013
Figure 1. Hypocenters of the 26 August 2012 Brawley earthquake swarm. Solid dots denote relocated earthquakes from Hauksson et al. (2012) . The contours show the depth of basement rocks with depth labeled at an interval of 1 km ( Magistrale et al. , 2000 ). Solid triangles are local seismic
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(a) M≥2.5 seismicity in the Brawley seismic zone from 1975 to 2012 from the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) catalog. Filled circles are events located in the study areas of this article. Inset shows map of California with black box indicating location of the study area. (b) M≥2.5 seismicity in the vicinity of the Salton Sea Geothermal Field (SSGF; boundary indicated by dashed lines). Black triangles indicate injection wells; white triangles indicate production wells. (c) M≥2 seismicity from 1980 to 2012 in the vicinity of the North Brawley Geothermal Field (NBGF; boundary indicated by dashed lines). Black triangles indicate injection wells; white triangles indicate production wells. Field boundaries obtained from the California Department of Conservation, Division of Oil, Gas, and Geothermal Resources (see Data and Resources).
Published: 23 August 2016
Figure 1. (a)  M ≥2.5 seismicity in the Brawley seismic zone from 1975 to 2012 from the Southern California Earthquake Center ( SCEC ) catalog. Filled circles are events located in the study areas of this article. Inset shows map of California with black box indicating location of the study area
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sGPS velocities for sites that had sufficient data after removal of observations potentially contaminated by the earthquakes shown on the map. For each earthquake, data were omitted for at least two years following the event. After data removal, sites must have a minimum of three surveys, four data points, data spanning at least one year before the first and after the last offset, and three data points between successive offsets to estimate a velocity. AR, 2007 Alum Rock; B, 2012 Brawley; EMC, 2010 El Mayor–Cucapah; H, 1999 Hector Mine; N, 1994 Northridge; P, 2004 Parkfield; S, 2014 South Napa; SS, 2003 San Simeon; other earthquake labels as in Figure 2.
Published: 01 March 2017
surveys, four data points, data spanning at least one year before the first and after the last offset, and three data points between successive offsets to estimate a velocity. AR, 2007 Alum Rock; B, 2012 Brawley; EMC, 2010 El Mayor–Cucapah; H, 1999 Hector Mine; N, 1994 Northridge; P, 2004 Parkfield; S
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(a) Seismotectonic map of the study area. Circles color coded by depth show historical seismicity from the revised version (1981–2019) of the Hauksson et al. (2012) catalog. The cyan line is the fiber path. Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) data were acquired along the northern section of the cable (black segment, ∼28 km length) in this study. The purple polygons outline major producing geothermal fields. Other features are cities (white squares), Brawley seismic zone (dashed brown polygon), historical faults (brown lines), and Holocene to latest Pleistocene faults (gray lines) from the U.S. Geological Survey and California Geological Survey fault database. The major faults are Brawley seismic zone (BSZ), Coyote Creek fault (CCF), Imperial fault (IF), Laguna Salada fault (LSF), San Andreas fault (SAF), Superstition Hills fault (SHF), San Jacinto fault zone (SJFZ), and Superstition Mountain fault (SMF). (b) Slightly expanded view of the region shown in panel (a). Circles color coded by depth show seismicity during the period of DAS data acquisition (20 November 2020–July 2021) from the Southern California Earthquake Data Center (SCEDC) catalog. Permanent seismic stations (names indicated)—broadband sensors (black triangles), vertical component short‐period sensor (blue triangles), accelerometer (red squares). The red segments on the DAS array (marked A, B, C in white) are used in noise analysis shown in Figure 5.
Published: 10 June 2022
Figure 1. (a) Seismotectonic map of the study area. Circles color coded by depth show historical seismicity from the revised version (1981–2019) of the Hauksson et al. (2012) catalog. The cyan line is the fiber path. Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) data were acquired along the northern
Image
A: P-wave velocity along the profile in Figure 1 (green line). Cyan lines enclose regions with ray coverage. LVZ1 and LVZ2 are low-velocity zones discussed in the text. Earthquakes from Hauksson et al. (2012) within 5 km of the profile are shown with red circles, or yellow circles if M > 3.5 (v.e.—vertical exaggeration). B: The number of rays in each grid cell. C: The initial 5 km smoothed CVM-H model (see text). Shots (red stars) and major faults in Figure 1 are projected along strike and labeled above the topography in the top panel: AF—Algodones, BF—Brawley, EF—Elsinore, IF—Imperial, SMF—Superstition Mountain, WF—Wienert, YWF—Yuha Wells.
Published: 01 September 2016
Figure 2. A: P-wave velocity along the profile in Figure 1 (green line). Cyan lines enclose regions with ray coverage. LVZ1 and LVZ2 are low-velocity zones discussed in the text. Earthquakes from Hauksson et al. (2012) within 5 km of the profile are shown with red circles, or yellow circles
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Seismicity in the Brawley seismic zone (BSZ) and cross‐fault (CF) geometry (yellow lines) used in our dynamic rupture models. (a) Recorded seismicity (black open circles) in the BSZ using the Southern California Earthquake Data Center (SCEDC) 1981–2022 relocated earthquake catalog (Hauksson et al., 2012). (b) Multiple seismic swarms near the southern San Andreas fault (SSAF) highlighted with solid circles of different colors (following Hauksson et al., 2022). The postulated larger‐scale fault geometry (red curves in panel a and black in panel b) is from Kyriakopoulos et al. (2019). The green solid circles in panel (a) highlight the modeled nucleation locations at the center, adjacent to the southern San Andreas fault (SSAF), and at the far (opposite) edge of the CF. The purple solid stars in panel (a) mark relevant M > 5 events along CFs in the BSZ. Traces of historical earthquakes (light blue curves) and latest Quaternary faults (brown curves) from U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and California Geological Survey (CGS), Quaternary fault, and fold database for the United States (see Data and Resources). The color version of this figure is available only in the electronic edition.
Published: 13 May 2024
Figure 1. Seismicity in the Brawley seismic zone (BSZ) and cross‐fault (CF) geometry (yellow lines) used in our dynamic rupture models. (a) Recorded seismicity (black open circles) in the BSZ using the Southern California Earthquake Data Center (SCEDC) 1981–2022 relocated earthquake catalog
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Seismicity between 1981 and 2010 (gray dots) recorded by the southern California seismic network stations in the study area, which is enclosed by the black rectangle and also shown in the inset in the upper right corner. Green lines denote major faults and the pink one the United States–Mexico border. Abbreviations for the major geological features in this area include the SAF, San Andreas Fault; BRF, Buck Ridge fault; CF, Clark fault; CCF, Coyote Creek fault; EVF, Earthquake Valley fault; EFZ, Extra fault zone; BFZ, Brawley fault zone; IF, Imperial Fault; ERF, Elmore Ranch fault; SHF, Superstition Hills fault; SMF, Superstition Mountains fault; and LSF, Laguna Salada fault. Lower hemisphere focal spheres are plotted for the 2010 Mw 7.2 Baja California earthquake and its two Mw>5 aftershocks in the study area. Focal mechanisms are from the latest catalog for southern California by Yang et al. (2012).
Published: 01 October 2013
–Mexico border. Abbreviations for the major geological features in this area include the SAF , San Andreas Fault; BRF , Buck Ridge fault; CF , Clark fault; CCF , Coyote Creek fault; EVF , Earthquake Valley fault; EFZ , Extra fault zone; BFZ , Brawley fault zone; IF , Imperial Fault; ERF , Elmore
Journal Article
Journal: Lithosphere
Publisher: GSW
Published: 15 June 2018
Lithosphere (2018) 10 (5): 602–631.
... gives way to the seismically active Brawley seismic zone (BSZ) ∼1.5 km east of Bombay Beach under the shallowest edge of the Salton Sea ( Figs. 1 and 2 ; Lin et al., 2007 ; Hauksson et al., 2012 ; Lin, 2013 ). The SAFZ is well exposed along Durmid Hill, the area between Salt Creek and Bombay Beach...
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Journal Article
Published: 10 June 2022
Seismological Research Letters (2022) 93 (5): 2906–2919.
...Figure 1. (a) Seismotectonic map of the study area. Circles color coded by depth show historical seismicity from the revised version (1981–2019) of the Hauksson et al. (2012) catalog. The cyan line is the fiber path. Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) data were acquired along the northern...
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Journal Article
Journal: Geology
Published: 01 September 2016
Geology (2016) 44 (9): 747–750.
...Figure 2. A: P-wave velocity along the profile in Figure 1 (green line). Cyan lines enclose regions with ray coverage. LVZ1 and LVZ2 are low-velocity zones discussed in the text. Earthquakes from Hauksson et al. (2012) within 5 km of the profile are shown with red circles, or yellow circles...
FIGURES
Journal Article
Published: 28 September 2023
Seismological Research Letters (2023) 94 (6): 2852–2867.
... earthquakes in the study area ( Kim et al. , 2016 ). A few strong‐motion stations in the Imperial Valley recorded PGVs of ∼10–36 cm/s during the M w  5.4 earthquake in the 2012 Brawley earthquake swarm that ruptured a northeast–southwest‐trending fault to the northwest of the city ( Hauksson et al...
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Journal Article
Published: 13 May 2024
Seismological Research Letters (2024) 95 (5): 2859–2873.
...Figure 1. Seismicity in the Brawley seismic zone (BSZ) and cross‐fault (CF) geometry (yellow lines) used in our dynamic rupture models. (a) Recorded seismicity (black open circles) in the BSZ using the Southern California Earthquake Data Center (SCEDC) 1981–2022 relocated earthquake catalog...
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Journal Article
Published: 18 October 2016
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2016) 106 (6): 2490–2499.
... network stations used for this study. The epicenter location and focal mechanism of several prominent earthquakes in the study area are shown, with the shade of the focal mechanism symbols indicating the focal depth. (Inset) Local map showing the 2012 M w  5.4 Brawley event. Stations WLA and SNR...
Journal Article
Published: 23 August 2016
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2016) 106 (5): 2045–2062.
...Figure 1. (a)  M ≥2.5 seismicity in the Brawley seismic zone from 1975 to 2012 from the Southern California Earthquake Center ( SCEC ) catalog. Filled circles are events located in the study areas of this article. Inset shows map of California with black box indicating location of the study area...
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Journal Article
Published: 09 September 2014
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2014) 104 (5): 2579–2586.
... major geothermal fields in this area (B, Brawley; E, East Mesa; H, Heber; M, Mesquite; and S, Salton Sea). Other abbreviations include BFZ, Brawley fault zone; BRF, Buck Ridge fault; CCF , Coyote Creek fault; CF , Clark fault; EFZ, Extra fault zone; ERF, Elmore Ranch fault; EVF, Earthquake valley...
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Journal Article
Published: 11 June 2019
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2019) 109 (4): 1217–1234.
.... Boese M. Chen X. Fielding E. J. Galetzka J. Hudnut K. W. Hutton K. , and Jones L. M. , et al. 2013 . Report on the August 2012 Brawley earthquake swarm in Imperial Valley, southern California , Seismol. Res. Lett. 84 , no.  2 , 177 – 189 . Hauksson E. Yang...
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Journal Article
Published: 15 January 2020
Seismological Research Letters (2020) 91 (2A): 707–720.
.... 108 , no.  B7 , 2356 , doi: 10.1029/2001JB001744 . Hauksson E. Stock J. Bilham R. Boese M. Chen X. Fielding E. J. Hutton J. Jones L. M. Kanamori H. , and Shearer P. M. , et al. 2013 . Report on the August 2012 Brawley earthquake swarm in Imperial...
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Journal Article
Published: 14 July 2015
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2015) 105 (4): 2117–2127.
... ( Lyons et al. , 2002 ). The Brawley Seismic Zone is geothermally active, and the seismogenic section of the fault is relatively shallow and may only be partially locked ( Allam and Ben‐Zion, 2012 ). The high strain rate across the Brawley Seismic Zone and the Imperial fault is therefore only partially...
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