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Bouvet Fault

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The (Sm/Yb)n, 0.1–Na(8, 0.1) ratio for the Bouvet triplejunction basalts, modified after [Shen and Forsyth, 1995; Simonov et al., 2000]; (Sm/Yb)n, 0.1 and Na(8, 0.1) on the graph correspond to the values of (Sm/Yb)n and Na2O corrected to 8 wt.% MgO and K2O/TiO2 = 0.1, according to [Shen and Forsyth, 1995]. Bouvet basalt sampling sites (1–6): 1 – Bouvet Island submarine slopes; 2 – SWIR region near Bouvet Island; 3 – Bouvet fault; 4 – Spiess Ridge; 5 – MAR rift zone; 6 – western flank of the MAR (dredging stations: S18-54 and 57); 7 – basalts (1 – Iceland hotspot; 2 – Azores hotspot; 3 – 15°20′ fault zone (Cape Verde, MAR)); 8 – depths at which intense mantle melting begins (km); 9 – N-MORB-type basalt field.

The (Sm/Yb) n , 0.1 –Na (8, 0.1) ratio for the Bouvet triplejunction basa... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 May 2025
= 0.1, according to [ Shen and Forsyth, 1995 ]. Bouvet basalt sampling sites ( 1 – 6 ): 1 – Bouvet Island submarine slopes; 2 – SWIR region near Bouvet Island; 3 – Bouvet fault; 4 – Spiess Ridge; 5 – MAR rift zone; 6 – western flank of the MAR (dredging stations: S18-54 and 57); 7
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Hotspot trajectories in the South Atlantic, according to Hartnady and Le Roex (1985), modified. 1 – trajectories of the Shona and Bouvet hotspots based on the model of the absolute motion of the African Plate (Hartnady and Le Roex, 1985), where intervals of 10 Ma are marked with colored circles; 2 – hotspot traces based on the model of the absolute motion of the African Plate (Morgan, 1983), where intervals of 10 Ma are marked with crosses; 3 – isobaths drawn through 1 km; 4 – 4.5-km isobaths in the northeastern part of the Shaka Ridge; 5 – uplifts and ridges; 6 – Agulhas–Falkland Fracture Zone (AFFZ); 7 – Bouvet fault; 8 – MAR and AfAR sites; B, S, and SR denote the current position of the hotspots (Bouvet and Shona islands) and the Spiess Ridge; B64, S64, and SR64 mark the position of the Bouvet, Shona, and Spiess Ridge hotspots at 64 Ma; the inset shows the trajectory of the Bouvet hotspot highlighted in red; M, D, V, and T are the trajectories of the Marion, Discovery, Vema, and Tristan hotspots.

Hotspot trajectories in the South Atlantic, according to Hartnady and Le Ro... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 October 2023
– Agulhas–Falkland Fracture Zone (AFFZ); 7 – Bouvet fault; 8 – MAR and AfAR sites; B, S, and SR denote the current position of the hotspots (Bouvet and Shona islands) and the Spiess Ridge; B64, S64, and SR64 mark the position of the Bouvet, Shona, and Spiess Ridge hotspots at 64 Ma; the inset shows
Journal Article

THE BOUVET TRIPLE-JUNCTION REGION ( South Atlantic ): GEODYNAMIC AND MAGMATIC SYSTEMS AND MANTLE STRUCTURE Available to Purchase

A.A. Kirdyashkin, V.A. Simonov, A.V. Kotlyarov, A.V. Jakovlev
Published: 01 May 2025
Russ. Geol. Geophys. (2025) 66 (5): 551–569.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2113/RGG20244806
... = 0.1, according to [ Shen and Forsyth, 1995 ]. Bouvet basalt sampling sites ( 1 – 6 ): 1 – Bouvet Island submarine slopes; 2 – SWIR region near Bouvet Island; 3 – Bouvet fault; 4 – Spiess Ridge; 5 – MAR rift zone; 6 – western flank of the MAR (dredging stations: S18-54 and 57); 7...
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View PDF for article title, THE <span class="search-highlight">BOUVET</span> TRIPLE-JUNCTION REGION ( South Atlantic ): GEODYNAMIC AND MAGMATIC SYSTEMS AND MANTLE STRUCTURE
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Journal Article

The Bouvet Plume: Parameters, Evolution, and Interaction with the Triple Junction of Midocean Ridges in the South Atlantic Available to Purchase

A.A. Kirdyashkin, A.G. Kirdyashkin, V.A. Simonov, M.M. Buslov, A.V. Kotlyarov
Published: 01 October 2023
Russ. Geol. Geophys. (2023) 64 (10): 1251–1261.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2113/RGG20234568
... – Agulhas–Falkland Fracture Zone (AFFZ); 7 – Bouvet fault; 8 – MAR and AfAR sites; B, S, and SR denote the current position of the hotspots (Bouvet and Shona islands) and the Spiess Ridge; B64, S64, and SR64 mark the position of the Bouvet, Shona, and Spiess Ridge hotspots at 64 Ma; the inset shows...
FIGURES
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View PDF for article title, The <span class="search-highlight">Bouvet</span> Plume: Parameters, Evolution, and Interaction with the Triple Junction of Midocean Ridges in the South Atlantic
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Distribution of average contents of fluid components in magmatic glasses along the MOR rift zones in the Bouvet region. 1, 2 – Н2О (1) and СО2 (2) content of glasses; 3 – data on glasses from the dredging stations located opposite Bouvet Island; 4 – oceanic crust; 5 – Bouvet transform fault zone; 6 – “roots” of cold mantle beneath the Bouvet transform fault; 7 – enriched magmatic flows. BF is the Bouvet transform fault.

Distribution of average contents of fluid components in magmatic glasses al... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 May 2025
– Bouvet transform fault zone; 6 – “roots” of cold mantle beneath the Bouvet transform fault; 7 – enriched magmatic flows. BF is the Bouvet transform fault.
Image
Real data inversion for the southern segment of the MAR between 50°S and 70°S. a – P-wave anomaly distribution at depths of 100, 200, 300, and 400 km. b – P-wave velocity anomalies in a vertical section through the triple-junction region of the MOR and the Bouvet hotspot. The Bouvet triple-junction region, the tectonic sketch map of which is presented in Fig. 1, is shown by a dotted frame in Fig. 12a in the horizontal section at a depth of 100 km. The section line is shown in red in Fig. 12a. The black dots are earthquake epicenters; the star denotes the Bouvet Island location; B is the Bouvet transform fault; C is the Conrad transform fault; and SWIR is the end of the Southwest Indian Ridge. The axes of the main morphostructures of the Bouvet triple junction are shown as green lines.

Real data inversion for the southern segment of the MAR between 50°S and 70... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 May 2025
Island location; B is the Bouvet transform fault; C is the Conrad transform fault; and SWIR is the end of the Southwest Indian Ridge. The axes of the main morphostructures of the Bouvet triple junction are shown as green lines.
Image
Ocean floor relief in the Bouvet triple-junction region with superposed model trajectories of the Bouvet and Shona hotspots, modified after [Hartnady and le Roex, 1985]. 1 – model tracks of the Bouvet and Shona hotspots [Hartnady and le Roex, 1985], indicated by the black circles dated with a periodicity of 10 Ma; 2 – 1-km isobaths; 3 – 4.5-km isobaths; 4 – Agulhas–Falkland fracture zone (AFFZ); 5 – uplifts and ridges of the South Atlantic; 6 – MAR and SWIR (AfAR) regions; 7 – Bouvet transform fault. The large black circles show the model positions of the Bouvet (B64 and B) and Shona (Sh64 and Sh) hotspots at 64 Ma and at present; the corresponding positions of the Spiess Ridge (Sp64 and Sp) are also marked. The inset indicates the model tracks of the Bouvet (B) and Shona (Sh) hotspots [Morgan, 1983], starting in the south of the South African Platform.

Ocean floor relief in the Bouvet triple-junction region with superposed mod... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 May 2025
dated with a periodicity of 10 Ma; 2 – 1-km isobaths; 3 – 4.5-km isobaths; 4 – Agulhas–Falkland fracture zone (AFFZ); 5 – uplifts and ridges of the South Atlantic; 6 – MAR and SWIR (AfAR) regions; 7 – Bouvet transform fault. The large black circles show the model positions of the Bouvet (B64
Image
Water content distribution in the Bouvet basalt glasses. 1 – midocean ridges (MAR and SWIR); 2 – transform fault zones; 3 – Bouvet Island; 4 – dredging stations.

Water content distribution in the Bouvet basalt glasses. 1 – midocean rid... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 May 2025
Fig. 7. Water content distribution in the Bouvet basalt glasses. 1 – midocean ridges (MAR and SWIR); 2 – transform fault zones; 3 – Bouvet Island; 4 – dredging stations.
Image
Distribution of the (Nb/Zr)n and (La/Yb)n values in the Bouvet region basalts. 1 – midocean ridges (AAR, MAR, and SWIR); 2 – transform fault zones; 3 – Bouvet Island; 4 – Spiess Ridge; 5 – dredging stations.

Distribution of the (Nb/Zr) n and (La/Yb) n values in the Bouvet regi... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 May 2025
Fig. 5. Distribution of the (Nb/Zr) n and (La/Yb) n values in the Bouvet region basalts. 1 – midocean ridges (AAR, MAR, and SWIR); 2 – transform fault zones; 3 – Bouvet Island; 4 – Spiess Ridge; 5 – dredging stations.
Image
Relationship between the ocean floor morphostructures with deep-seated geodynamic systems in the Bouvet triple-junction region. a – Diagram showing the relationship of the ocean floor morphostructures with the system of asthenospheric freeconvection flows in the Bouvet triple-junction region; b – diagram showing the asthenospheric free-convection roll flow and the Bouvet plume conduit in the section along line I–I. 1 – MOR; 2 – Spiess Ridge; 3 – transform faults; 4 – directions of free-convection cellular flows in the asthenosphere causing plate motion in the MOR zones; 5 – ascending free-convection roll flows at the top of the asthenosphere; 6 – descending roll flows, 7 – dredging stations. ll is the thickness of the oceanic lithosphere, and lr is the height of asthenospheric rolls.

Relationship between the ocean floor morphostructures with deep-seated geod... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 May 2025
region; b – diagram showing the asthenospheric free-convection roll flow and the Bouvet plume conduit in the section along line I–I. 1 – MOR; 2 – Spiess Ridge; 3 – transform faults; 4 – directions of free-convection cellular flows in the asthenosphere causing plate motion in the MOR zones; 5
Image
Location of the Bouvet polygon (South Atlantic) in the triple junction region of the midocean ridges (MOR): Mid-Atlantic (MAR), African–Antarctic (AfAR), and American–Antarctic (AAR). 1 – Bouvet polygon location; 2 – MOR axes and the transform faults intersecting them.

Location of the Bouvet polygon (South Atlantic) in the triple junction regi... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 October 2023
Fig. 1. Location of the Bouvet polygon (South Atlantic) in the triple junction region of the midocean ridges (MOR): Mid-Atlantic (MAR), African–Antarctic (AfAR), and American–Antarctic (AAR). 1 – Bouvet polygon location; 2 – MOR axes and the transform faults intersecting them.
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Distribution of La/Yb values in basalts and of the maximum homogenization temperatures (Tmax, °C) of the melt inclusions in the Bouvet region (Simonov et al., 2007). 1 – MOR rift valleys; 2 – transform faults; 3 – Bouvet Island; 4 – Spiess Ridge; 5 – dredging stations of the 18th cruise of R/V Akademik Nikolai Strakhov.

Distribution of La/Yb values in basalts and of the maximum homogenization t... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 October 2023
Fig. 4. Distribution of La/Yb values in basalts and of the maximum homogenization temperatures ( T max , °C) of the melt inclusions in the Bouvet region ( Simonov et al., 2007 ). 1 – MOR rift valleys; 2 – transform faults; 3 – Bouvet Island; 4 – Spiess Ridge; 5 – dredging stations
Image
Diagram showing the Bouvet Triple Junction region with the directions of large-scale cellular free-convective flows as well as the ascending and descending flows of convective rolls in the Bouvet region. 1 – transform faults; 2 – rift valleys of the MOR; 3 – Spiess Ridge; 4 – dredging stations of the 18th cruise of R/V Akademik Nikolai Strakhov; 5 – directions of large-scale asthenospheric flows; 6 – ascending flows of asthenospheric rolls; 7 – descending flows of asthenospheric rolls; A–A, B–B, and C–C are the section lines.

Diagram showing the Bouvet Triple Junction region with the directions of la... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 October 2023
Fig. 6. Diagram showing the Bouvet Triple Junction region with the directions of large-scale cellular free-convective flows as well as the ascending and descending flows of convective rolls in the Bouvet region. 1 – transform faults; 2 – rift valleys of the MOR; 3 – Spiess Ridge; 4
Journal Article

ORE-FORMING PROCESSES IN THE SOUTH-ATLANTIC MAGMATIC AND HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS ( Bouvet Triple Junction ) Available to Purchase

V. A. Simonov, A. S. Lapukhov, A. A. Milosnov, S. V. Kovyazin, R. D. Mel’nikova
Published: 01 December 1997
Russ. Geol. Geophys. (1997) 38 (12): 1963–1970.
... 0.10 to 0.45 ppb; gabbros – from 0.24 to 0.97 ppb; basalts – from 0.13 to 89.1 ppb). The maximum contents of gold (up to 89.1 ppb) are noted in the basalts from the Bouvet transform fault. In the ultrabasic rocks, its amount is considerably less than the clarke in ultrabasic rocks (5.0 ppb, according...
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View PDF for article title, ORE-FORMING PROCESSES IN THE SOUTH-ATLANTIC MAGMATIC AND HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS ( <span class="search-highlight">Bouvet</span> Triple Junction )
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Free-convective flows in the asthenosphere in the Bouvet Triple Junction region. а – Diagram showing the free-convective roll flow (A–A section (Fig. 6)); δ ≈5–8 km – thickness of the oceanic lithosphere; Ltr – distance between the transform faults; L1 ≈60 km – height of asthenospheric convective rolls at the bottom of the oceanic lithosphere; the direction of the roll flow is perpendicular to the direction of the large-scale flow; b – diagram showing the large-scale asthenospheric free-convective flow (B–B section); c – diagram showing the free-convective roll flow and the Bouvet plume interacting with it (С–С section).

Free-convective flows in the asthenosphere in the Bouvet Triple Junction re... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 October 2023
Fig. 7. Free-convective flows in the asthenosphere in the Bouvet Triple Junction region. а – Diagram showing the free-convective roll flow (A–A section ( Fig. 6 )); δ ≈5–8 km – thickness of the oceanic lithosphere; L tr – distance between the transform faults; L 1 ≈60 km – height
Image
Bouvet triple-junction region (South Atlantic). 1 – transform faults; 2 – MOR axes; 3 – other faults; 4 – Spiess Ridge; 5 – zero magnetic anomaly zones; 6 – isochrons based on magnetic anomalies (Ma); 7 – isobaths in meters; 8 – dredging stations of the 18th sail of research vessel Akademik Nikolai Strakhov. MAR is the end of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge; AAR is the end of the American–Antarctic deformation zone; the Spiess Ridge is a volcanic uplift, the end of the Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR). The tectonic scheme is based on modified data from [Pushcharovskii and Peive, 1996; Ligi et al., 1999; Simonov et al., 2000]. The combination of colored elevation and shaded relief image is based on [Ryan et al., 2009] at https://www.gmrt.org/. The inset shows the Antarctic region in a polar stereographic projection, with the South Pole as the central point.

Bouvet triple-junction region (South Atlantic). 1 – transform faults; 2 ... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 May 2025
Fig. 1. Bouvet triple-junction region (South Atlantic). 1 – transform faults; 2 – MOR axes; 3 – other faults; 4 – Spiess Ridge; 5 – zero magnetic anomaly zones; 6 – isochrons based on magnetic anomalies (Ma); 7 – isobaths in meters; 8 – dredging stations of the 18th sail
Image
Pattern of average contents of geochemical components in magmatic glasses along rift zones of the MAR and SWIR 1 – H2O; 2 – CO2; 3 – K2O; 4 – TiO2; 5 – faults. I – MAR, II – Bouvet Fracture Zone, III – SWIR, IV – dredging stations situated opposite Bouvet. CO2 in ppm, TiO2, H2O, K2O in wt.%. The order of dredging stations (from northwest to southeast): SI8-64, SI8-63, SI8-62, SI8-60, SI8-61, SI8-53, SI8-52, SI8-51, SI8-50, SI8-48, SI8-10, SI8-27, SI8-31, SI8-36, SI8-25, SI8-37, SI8-16, SI8-22.

Pattern of average contents of geochemical components in magmatic glasses a... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 February 1996
Fig. 7. Pattern of average contents of geochemical components in magmatic glasses along rift zones of the MAR and SWIR 1 – H 2 O; 2 – CO 2 ; 3 – K 2 O; 4 – TiO 2 ; 5 – faults. I – MAR, II – Bouvet Fracture Zone, III – SWIR, IV – dredging stations situated opposite Bouvet. CO 2 in ppm
Journal Article

Episodic triple-junction migration by rift propagation and microplates Available to Purchase

Robert T. Bird, Sarah F. Tebbens, Martin C. Kleinrock, David F. Naar
Journal: Geology
Published: 01 October 1999
Geology (1999) 27 (10): 911–914.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027<0911:ETJMBR>2.3.CO;2
..., and microplate accretion to an adjacent, larger plate. These episodes may be highly variable in space and time depending on triple-junction geometry, velocity triangle, and other factors affecting local thermal and rheological conditions. Resulting tectonic features may include an abandoned transform fault...
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Book Chapter

Plate Motions and Deep Mantle Convection Available to Purchase

Author(s)
W. Jason Morgan
Book: Studies in Earth and Space Sciences
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 01 January 1972
DOI: 10.1130/MEM132-p7
...-reconstruction based on magnetic studies of Pacific seamounts. The paleomotion of the African plate was deduced from the Walvis Ridge and trends from Bouvet, Reunion, and Ascension Islands. This motion did not agree well with the paleomagnetic studies of the orientation of Africa since the Cretaceous; however...
Abstract
View PDF for content titled, Plate Motions and Deep Mantle Convection
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A scheme of deep mantle convection is proposed in which narrow plumes of deep material rise and then spread out radially in the asthenosphere. These vertical plumes spreading outward in the asthenosphere produce stresses on the bottoms of the lithospheric plates, causing them to move and thus providing the driving mechanism for continental drift. One such plume is beneath Iceland, and the outpouring of unusual lava at this spot produced the submarine ridge between Greenland and Great Britain as the Atlantic opened up. It is concluded that all the aseismic ridges, for example, the Walvis Ridge, the Ninetyeast Ridge, the Tuamotu Archipelago, and so on, were produced in this manner, and thus their strikes show the direction the plates were moving as they were formed. Another plume is beneath Hawaii (perhaps of lesser strength, as it has not torn the Pacific plate apart), and the Hawaiian Islands and Emperor Seamount Chain were formed as the Pacific plate passed over this “hot spot.” Three studies are presented to support the above conclusion. (1) The Hawaiian-Emperor, Tuamotu-Line, and Austral-Gilbert-Marshall island chains show a remarkable parallelism and all three can be generated by the same motion of the Pacific plate over three fixed hot spots. The accuracy of the fit shows that the hot spots have remained practically fixed relative to one another in this 100 m.y. period, thus implying a deep source below the asthenosphere. (2) The above motion of the Pacific plate agrees with the paleo-reconstruction based on magnetic studies of Pacific seamounts. The paleomotion of the African plate was deduced from the Walvis Ridge and trends from Bouvet, Reunion, and Ascension Islands. This motion did not agree well with the paleomagnetic studies of the orientation of Africa since the Cretaceous; however, better agreement with the paleomagnetic studies of Africa and of seamounts in the Pacific can be made if some polar wandering is permitted in addition to the motion of the plates. (3) A system of absolute plate motions was found which agrees with the present day relative plate motions (deduced from fault strikes and spreading rates) and with the present trends of island chains-aseismic ridges away from hot-spots. This shows that the hot spots form a fixed reference frame and that, within allowable errors, the hot spots do not move about in this frame.

Journal Article

Plate Tectonics and Magmatic Evolution Available to Purchase

JAMES GILLULY
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Published: 01 September 1971
GSA Bulletin (1971) 82 (9): 2383–2396.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1971)82[2383:PTAME]2.0.CO;2
... may be residual from the partial melting of pyrolite while the tholeiite was being formed at shallower depths, or they may possibly be fragments of the mantle raised by the injection of sills. Bouvet and Jan Mayen Islands, both on the crest of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, are largely composed of alkali...
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