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![Vein granites in monzogabbro and monzodiorites of Birkhin complex. 1:5,000 aerial photograph. A — Walls of vein granites. Granite veins are most often orthogonal or at sharp angles to contact with country rocks, which is due to rolling and cracking of gabbro under shear strain; B — rocky walls of vein granites in Ulan-Nur monzogabbro and monzodiorites. Saw-tooth and arcuate shape of veins is due to their origin in a shear environment.]()
![Scheme of the tectonic structure of the Ol’khon region, with the position of gabbro massifs in the Krestovskaya zone, simplified from Lavrenchuk et al. (2017). 1 – gabbro of the first phase of the Birkhin complex, 2 – gabbro of the second phase of the Birkhin complex, 3 – structure-tectonic zones, 4 – collisional suture, 5 – gabbro massifs: 1 – Bugul’deika, 2 – Talovka, 3 – Krestovsky, 4 – Ust’-Krestovsky, 5 – Birkhin, 6 – Ulan-Nur. Inset shows the location of the study area.]()
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![Location map of gabbro intrusions in the Olkhon area. 1–4, gabbro intrusions: phase 1 Birkhin complex (1), phase 2 Birkhin complex (2), Ust’-Krestovsky complex (3), Tankhan group of Anga–Sakhyurta zone (a), scapolite-Ti-fassaite pyroxenites of the Chernorud complex of the Chernorud zone (b) of the Anga–Sakhyurta and Chernorud zones, respectively (4); 5, Tazheran syenites and nepheline syenites; 6, collisional suture; 7, gabbro intrusions of the Krestovsky zone. Arabic numerals denote gabbro intrusions. 1–6, Birkhin complex: 1, Buguldeika; 2, Talovskoe, 3, Krestovsky, 4, Bora-Elga, 5, Birkhin, 6, Ulan-Nuur; 7, 8, Ust’-Krestovsky complex: Ust’-Krestovsky intrusion (7) and small intrusions that crosscut Tazheran syenites (8). Roman numerals denote the Krestovsky (I), Anga–Sakhyurta (II), and Chernorud (III) zones. Asterisks show sampling sites of zircons for geochronological analysis. Inset shows location of study area.]()
![Spider-diagrams and normalized REE patterns in gabbro from the Krestovsky zone. a, b: Birkhin complex, phase 1: Krestovsky (1), Ulan-Nuur (2), Birkhin (3), Talovskoe (4), and Bora-Elga (5) intrusions; c, d: Birkhin complex, phase 2: Birkhin (6), Buguldeika (7), and Ulan-Nuur (8) intrusions; e, f: Ust’-Krestovsky complex: 9, Tazheran trachydolerite, 10, Ust’-Krestovsky monzogabbro. REE abundances (a, c, e) are normalized to chondrite CI, according to Sun and McDonough (1989), trace element abundances (b, d, f) are normalized to primitive mantle, according to Sun and McDonough (1989).]()
![Gabbro of Krestovsky zone in major-element variation diagrams. 1, 2, gabbro of Ust’-Krestovsky complex: 1, Tazheran trachydolerite, 2, Ust’-Krestovsky monzogabbro; 3–5, gabbro of Birkhin complex, phase 2: Birkhin (3), Buguldeika (4), and Ulan-Nuur (5) intrusions; 6–10, gabbro of of Birkhin complex, phase 1: Krestovsky (6), Ulan-Nuur (7), Birkhin (8), Talovskoe (9), and Bora-Elga (10) intrusions. Fields in TAS classification diagram are according to Middlemost (1994): I, peridotite; II, gabbro; III, gabbrodiorite; IV, diorite; V, feldspar gabbro; VI, monzogabbro; VII, monzodiorite; VIII, monzonite.]()
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![Field photographs of outcrops. a, b, Rhythmic bedding in rocks of Birkhin complex, Krestovsky intrusion (sample 11A249B from melanogabbro (a) and sample 11A249A from leucogabbro (b), Table 1); c, lenticular-banded texture of phase 2 Birkhin rocks; d, e, inclusions of fine melanomonzogabbro in coarse- to medium-grained leucomonzogabbro in rocks of Ust’-Krestovsky intrusion of the Ust’-Krestovsky complex (samples 12A183A and 12A183C of leucomonzogabbro matrix and a melanomonzogabbro inclusion, respectively (d) and samples 12A184A and 12A184B of leucomonzogabbro matrix and a melanomonzogabbro inclusion (e), Table 1); f, crenulated boundaries of melanocratic inclusions in rocks of Ust’-Krestovsky intrusion (Ust’-Krestovsky complex).]()
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![Geological framework of Ol’khon zone, supplemented after (Fedorovsky et al., 2005). 1. Amphibolite-facies gneisses after clastic rocks of back-arc basins (numerous small bodies of 465–500 Ma granites are impossible to map in this scale). 2. Same back-arc basin clastic rocks but in granulite facies. 3. Dismembered ophiolites with tholeiitic basalts and metamorphosed sediments in lower back-arc basin section. 4. Subalkaline volcanic and volcanosedimentary rocks at back of island arc (metamorphosed to epidote-amphibolite facies). 5. Early Paleozoic granite. 6. Early Paleozoic metamorphosed monzodiorite and diorite. 7. Metamorphosed subalkaline gabbro and monzogabbro of Birkhin complex (500–530 Ma). 8. Riphean–Early Paleozoic sedimentary cover of Siberian craton. 9. Early Precambrian craton basement. 10. Large thrusts. 11. Main shear zone.]()
![Geological map of Tazheran complex, simplified after (Fedorovsky et al., 2009). 1, Cenozoic slope and lacustrine soft sediments; 2–20, Early Paleozoic rocks: 2, Begul complex, aplite and pegmatite; 3, Talovka complex, granite; 4, Aya complex, rare-metal granite and pegmatite; 5–8: pyroxenite-carbonalite complex: brucite carbonalite (5); 9, dolomite-calcite (a) and pyroxenite-xenolith-bearing (b) carbonalite (6), dolomite an, dolomite-calcite carbonalite (7), pyroxenite and nepheline-Ti-augite rocks (8); 9–12, Tazheran complex: subalkaline gabbro and microgabbro (9); nepheline syenite, nepheline syenite-pegmatite, svyatonosite, syenite and Ne-syenite gneiss (10); coarseand medium-grained syenite and syenite gneiss (11), undifferentiated blastomylonitized syenite gneiss and nepheline syenite gneiss (12); 13, 14, Birkhin complex: phase 2, metamorphosed gabbro, monzogabbro, monzonite, and syenite (13); phase 1, metamorphosed mafic subvolcanic rocks, hornfels (14); 15–20, Anga–Begul complex: quarzite (15), marble (16), silicate-carbonate rocks (17), thinly banded amphibolite (18), dolomite marble (19); amphibolite, silicate-carbonate gneiss (20); 21, hornfels; 22, skarns of Central Tazheran shear zone; 23, skarns of Orso–Ulan-Nur shear zone; 24, blastomylonite and ultrablastomylonite; 25, schistosity; 26, bedding; 27, postmetamorphic faults; 28, synmetamorphic strike-slip faults; 29, limits of carbonalite and skarn localized in hinge of Central Tazheran shear loop; 30, quartz veins.]()
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![Tectonic zonation, after V.S. Fedorovskii (2004), with a reference to isotope–geochronological data (U–Pb and 40Ar/39Ar) on the metamorphic and igneous complexes of the Ol’khon region. 1, Archean–Early Proterozoic structure–compositional complexes of the Siberian craton; 2, blastomylonites of the Primorsky fault and collisional suture; 3–7, Early Paleozoic structure–compositional complexes of the Ol’khon region: 3, metamorphic rocks of the Chernorud zone (granulite facies); 4, metamorphic rocks of the Shida zone (amphibolite facies); 5, metamorphic rocks of the Anga-Sakhyurty zone (amphibolite facies); 6, metamorphic rocks of the Orso complex (epidote–amphibolite facies); 7, metamorphic rocks of the Anga zone (epidote–amphibolite facies); 8–10, Early Paleozoic intrusive complexes: 8, massifs of gabbro, monzodiorites, and monzonites of the Birkhin complex (Anga zone); 9, bodies and veins of the granitoids of the Shara-Nur (Anga-Sakhyurty and Chernorud zones) and Aya (Anga zone) complexes; 10, Tazheran massif of alkali gabbro, nepheline syenites, and syenites; 11, main strike-slip sutures; 12, sampling sites for geochronological studies: a, U–Pb isotope dating of zircon; b, 40Ar/39Ar dating (Ma); the geochronometer mineral (Amf, amphibole; Bi, biotite; Mu, muscovite) is specified for 40Ar/39Ar dating. The isotope data are after (Bibikova et al., 1990; Fedorovskii et al., 2005, 2010; Gladkochub et al., 2008, 2010; Letnikov et al., 1990; Sklyarov et al., 2001, 2009; Travin et al., 2009; Vladimirov et al., 2008, 2011; Volkova et al., 2008, 2010; Yudin et al., 2005).]()
![LANDSAT-7 image of Birkhin gabbro complex (A) and gabbro balls on a flat divide in its northeastern part (B).]()
![Mafic rocks of Olkhon region in major-element variation diagrams (A–D) and REE patterns (E). A–D: 1, amphibolite of Begul–Anga section; 2, Birkhin and Ulan-Nur gabbro; 3–6, Tazheran complex: Birkhin gabbro (3); Tazheran subalkaline gabbro (4); amphibolite (5); hornfels (6); 7, lamprophyre of Olkhon Island. E: 1, Birkhin and Ulan-Nur gabbro; 2–4, Tazheran complex: Tazheran subalkaline gabbro (2); hornfels (3); amphibolite (4); 5, lamprophyre of Olkhon Island. Normalized according to (Boynton, 1984).]()
![Compositional variations of clinopyroxene in ankaramites, clinopyroxenites, and gabbro of the Birkhin massif. Red curve marks the average crystallization trend of the Birkhin clinopyroxene, green arrow marks the trend of clinopyroxene from the southwest Pacific ankaramites (Barsdell and Berry, 1990), and dark blue curves bound the composition field of clinopyroxene from mafic– ultramafic complexes of Ural–Alaskan type (Fershtater and Pushkarev, 1987; Balykin et al., 1991; Pushkarev and Fershtater, 1995; Pushkarev, 2000; Krause et al., 2007).]()
![CaO–Al2O3–MgO* diagram (Fershtater and Pushkarev, 1987) for rocks of the Birkhin massif. 1 – gabbronorite, 2 – gabbro cotectics (Fershtater, 1987; Fershtater and Pushkarev, 1987), 3 – composition field of the primary melt for the Birkhin massif. Other designations follow Fig. 17. Gray arrow shows the evolution trend of mafic–ultramafic complexes of Ural–Alaskan type (Pushkarev, 2000), with the composition domains of mantle wehrlite substrate (dark blue field) and restite (violet sector).]()
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Birkhin Complex
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Vein granites in monzogabbro and monzodiorites of Birkhin complex. 1:5,000 ... Available to Purchase
in Early Paleozoic collisional structures in the modern elevation pattern of the Olkhon region (Baikal rift system)
> Russian Geology and Geophysics
Published: 01 September 2007
Fig. 3. Vein granites in monzogabbro and monzodiorites of Birkhin complex. 1:5,000 aerial photograph. A — Walls of vein granites. Granite veins are most often orthogonal or at sharp angles to contact with country rocks, which is due to rolling and cracking of gabbro under shear strain; B
Image
Scheme of the tectonic structure of the Ol’khon region, with the position o... Available to Purchase
in Calcium-Rich Ultramafites, Ankaramites, and Clinopyroxene–Porphyric Gabbro of the Birkhin Massif in the Ol’khon Region: Solution of the Problem of Primary Melt and Formation of Intrusion
> Russian Geology and Geophysics
Published: 01 September 2023
Fig. 1. Scheme of the tectonic structure of the Ol’khon region, with the position of gabbro massifs in the Krestovskaya zone, simplified from Lavrenchuk et al. ( 2017 ). 1 – gabbro of the first phase of the Birkhin complex, 2 – gabbro of the second phase of the Birkhin complex, 3
Journal Article
Specifics of the Caledonian Collision in the Ol’khon Region (Lake Baikal, Russia) Available to Purchase
Journal: Russian Geology and Geophysics
Publisher: Novosibirsk State University
Published: 01 April 2021
Russ. Geol. Geophys. (2021) 62 (4): 389–400.
.... The residue of oceanic crust slab was pressed out along the fault planes near the surface and formed a row of gabbro-pyroxenite massifs of the Birkhin Complex in the fold belt, where syncollisional granitic melts (Sharanur Complex) formed at the same time. The interaction of two contrasting melts gave rise...
FIGURES
Image
Location map of gabbro intrusions in the Olkhon area. 1–4 , gabbro intrusi... Available to Purchase
in Compositions of gabbro intrusions in the Krestovsky zone ( western Baikal region ): A record of plume–suprasubduction mantle interaction
> Russian Geology and Geophysics
Published: 01 October 2017
Fig. 1. Location map of gabbro intrusions in the Olkhon area. 1–4 , gabbro intrusions: phase 1 Birkhin complex ( 1 ), phase 2 Birkhin complex ( 2 ), Ust’-Krestovsky complex ( 3 ), Tankhan group of Anga–Sakhyurta zone ( a ), scapolite-Ti-fassaite pyroxenites of the Chernorud complex
Image
Spider-diagrams and normalized REE patterns in gabbro from the Krestovsky z... Available to Purchase
in Compositions of gabbro intrusions in the Krestovsky zone ( western Baikal region ): A record of plume–suprasubduction mantle interaction
> Russian Geology and Geophysics
Published: 01 October 2017
Fig. 5. Spider-diagrams and normalized REE patterns in gabbro from the Krestovsky zone. a , b : Birkhin complex, phase 1: Krestovsky ( 1 ), Ulan-Nuur ( 2 ), Birkhin ( 3 ), Talovskoe ( 4 ), and Bora-Elga (5 ) intrusions; c , d : Birkhin complex, phase 2: Birkhin ( 6 ), Buguldeika ( 7
Image
Gabbro of Krestovsky zone in major-element variation diagrams. 1 , 2 , ga... Available to Purchase
in Compositions of gabbro intrusions in the Krestovsky zone ( western Baikal region ): A record of plume–suprasubduction mantle interaction
> Russian Geology and Geophysics
Published: 01 October 2017
Fig. 4. Gabbro of Krestovsky zone in major-element variation diagrams. 1 , 2 , gabbro of Ust’-Krestovsky complex: 1 , Tazheran trachydolerite, 2 , Ust’-Krestovsky monzogabbro; 3 – 5 , gabbro of Birkhin complex, phase 2: Birkhin ( 3 ), Buguldeika ( 4 ), and Ulan-Nuur ( 5 ) intrusions; 6 – 10
Journal Article
Galuskinite, Ca 7 (SiO 4 ) 3 (CO 3 ), a new skarn mineral from the Birkhin gabbro massif, Eastern Siberia, Russia Available to Purchase
Journal: Mineralogical Magazine
Published: 01 October 2011
Mineralogical Magazine (2011) 75 (5): 2631–2648.
... a margin between the veins and the calcio-olivine skarn. The sanidinite facies high-temperature skarn formed ∼500 Ma ago when gabbroid rocks of the Birkhin complex (Baikal area, Eastern Siberia, Russia) intruded and contact-metamorphosed limestone xenoliths. Galuskinite is a retrograde product of skarn...
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Journal Article
Chlorine content and crystal chemistry of dellaite from the Birkhin gabbro massif, Eastern Siberia, Russia Available to Purchase
Journal: Mineralogical Magazine
Published: 01 April 2011
Mineralogical Magazine (2011) 75 (2): 379–394.
... 0.25 have been found in skarns within the gabbroid rocks of the Birkhin complex (Eastern Siberia, Russia). The greatest Cl content analysed in a dellaite domain in this skarn is 5.2 wt.% Cl corresponding to 0.8 Cl p.f.u. Dellaite occurs in altered merwinite-larnite-bredigite-gehlenite skarns and also...
FIGURES
Image
Field photographs of outcrops. a , b , Rhythmic bedding in rocks of Birkh... Available to Purchase
in Compositions of gabbro intrusions in the Krestovsky zone ( western Baikal region ): A record of plume–suprasubduction mantle interaction
> Russian Geology and Geophysics
Published: 01 October 2017
Fig. 2. Field photographs of outcrops. a , b , Rhythmic bedding in rocks of Birkhin complex, Krestovsky intrusion (sample 11A249B from melanogabbro ( a ) and sample 11A249A from leucogabbro ( b ), Table 1 ); c , lenticular-banded texture of phase 2 Birkhin rocks; d , e , inclusions of fine
Journal Article
Compositions of gabbro intrusions in the Krestovsky zone ( western Baikal region ): A record of plume–suprasubduction mantle interaction Available to Purchase
Journal: Russian Geology and Geophysics
Publisher: Novosibirsk State University
Published: 01 October 2017
Russ. Geol. Geophys. (2017) 58 (10): 1139–1153.
...Fig. 1. Location map of gabbro intrusions in the Olkhon area. 1–4 , gabbro intrusions: phase 1 Birkhin complex ( 1 ), phase 2 Birkhin complex ( 2 ), Ust’-Krestovsky complex ( 3 ), Tankhan group of Anga–Sakhyurta zone ( a ), scapolite-Ti-fassaite pyroxenites of the Chernorud complex...
FIGURES
Image
Geological framework of Ol’khon zone, supplemented after ( Fedorovsky et al... Available to Purchase
in Island arc–back-arc basin evolution: implications for Late Riphean–Early Paleozoic geodynamic history of the Sayan–Baikal folded area
> Russian Geology and Geophysics
Published: 01 March 2009
metamorphosed monzodiorite and diorite. 7 . Metamorphosed subalkaline gabbro and monzogabbro of Birkhin complex (500–530 Ma). 8 . Riphean–Early Paleozoic sedimentary cover of Siberian craton. 9 . Early Precambrian craton basement. 10 . Large thrusts. 11 . Main shear zone.
Image
Geological map of Tazheran complex, simplified after ( Fedorovsky et al., 2... Available to Purchase
in Strike-slip tectonics and subalkaline mafic magmatism in the Early Paleozoic collisional system of the western Baikal region
> Russian Geology and Geophysics
Published: 01 May 2010
and microgabbro ( 9 ); nepheline syenite, nepheline syenite-pegmatite, svyatonosite, syenite and Ne-syenite gneiss ( 10 ); coarseand medium-grained syenite and syenite gneiss ( 11 ), undifferentiated blastomylonitized syenite gneiss and nepheline syenite gneiss ( 12 ); 13 , 14 , Birkhin complex: phase 2
Journal Article
Early Paleozoic collisional structures in the modern elevation pattern of the Olkhon region (Baikal rift system) Available to Purchase
Journal: Russian Geology and Geophysics
Publisher: Novosibirsk State University
Published: 01 September 2007
Russ. Geol. Geophys. (2007) 48 (9): 697–706.
...Fig. 3. Vein granites in monzogabbro and monzodiorites of Birkhin complex. 1:5,000 aerial photograph. A — Walls of vein granites. Granite veins are most often orthogonal or at sharp angles to contact with country rocks, which is due to rolling and cracking of gabbro under shear strain; B...
FIGURES
Journal Article
Strike-slip tectonics and subalkaline mafic magmatism in the Early Paleozoic collisional system of the western Baikal region Available to Purchase
Journal: Russian Geology and Geophysics
Publisher: Novosibirsk State University
Published: 01 May 2010
Russ. Geol. Geophys. (2010) 51 (5): 534–547.
... and microgabbro ( 9 ); nepheline syenite, nepheline syenite-pegmatite, svyatonosite, syenite and Ne-syenite gneiss ( 10 ); coarseand medium-grained syenite and syenite gneiss ( 11 ), undifferentiated blastomylonitized syenite gneiss and nepheline syenite gneiss ( 12 ); 13 , 14 , Birkhin complex: phase 2...
FIGURES
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Tectonic zonation, after V.S. Fedorovskii (2004) , with a reference to iso... Available to Purchase
in Thermochronology of Early Paleozoic collisional and subduction–collisional structures of Central Asia
> Russian Geology and Geophysics
Published: 01 March 2016
-Sakhyurty zone (amphibolite facies); 6 , metamorphic rocks of the Orso complex (epidote–amphibolite facies); 7 , metamorphic rocks of the Anga zone (epidote–amphibolite facies); 8 – 10 , Early Paleozoic intrusive complexes: 8 , massifs of gabbro, monzodiorites, and monzonites of the Birkhin complex
Image
LANDSAT-7 image of Birkhin gabbro complex ( A ) and gabbro balls on a flat ... Available to Purchase
in Early Paleozoic collisional structures in the modern elevation pattern of the Olkhon region (Baikal rift system)
> Russian Geology and Geophysics
Published: 01 September 2007
Fig. 5. LANDSAT-7 image of Birkhin gabbro complex ( A ) and gabbro balls on a flat divide in its northeastern part ( B ).
Image
Mafic rocks of Olkhon region in major-element variation diagrams ( A – D ) ... Available to Purchase
in Strike-slip tectonics and subalkaline mafic magmatism in the Early Paleozoic collisional system of the western Baikal region
> Russian Geology and Geophysics
Published: 01 May 2010
Fig. 5. Mafic rocks of Olkhon region in major-element variation diagrams ( A – D ) and REE patterns (E). A – D : 1 , amphibolite of Begul–Anga section; 2 , Birkhin and Ulan-Nur gabbro; 3–6 , Tazheran complex: Birkhin gabbro ( 3 ); Tazheran subalkaline gabbro ( 4 ); amphibolite ( 5 ); hornfels
Image
Compositional variations of clinopyroxene in ankaramites, clinopyroxenites,... Available to Purchase
in Calcium-Rich Ultramafites, Ankaramites, and Clinopyroxene–Porphyric Gabbro of the Birkhin Massif in the Ol’khon Region: Solution of the Problem of Primary Melt and Formation of Intrusion
> Russian Geology and Geophysics
Published: 01 September 2023
Fig. 16. Compositional variations of clinopyroxene in ankaramites, clinopyroxenites, and gabbro of the Birkhin massif. Red curve marks the average crystallization trend of the Birkhin clinopyroxene, green arrow marks the trend of clinopyroxene from the southwest Pacific ankaramites ( Barsdell
Image
CaO–Al 2 O 3 –MgO* diagram ( Fershtater and Pushkarev, 1987 ) for rocks of ... Available to Purchase
in Calcium-Rich Ultramafites, Ankaramites, and Clinopyroxene–Porphyric Gabbro of the Birkhin Massif in the Ol’khon Region: Solution of the Problem of Primary Melt and Formation of Intrusion
> Russian Geology and Geophysics
Published: 01 September 2023
Fig. 18. CaO–Al 2 O 3 –MgO* diagram ( Fershtater and Pushkarev, 1987 ) for rocks of the Birkhin massif. 1 – gabbronorite, 2 – gabbro cotectics ( Fershtater, 1987 ; Fershtater and Pushkarev, 1987 ), 3 – composition field of the primary melt for the Birkhin massif. Other designations follow
Journal Article
Calcium-Rich Ultramafites, Ankaramites, and Clinopyroxene–Porphyric Gabbro of the Birkhin Massif in the Ol’khon Region: Solution of the Problem of Primary Melt and Formation of Intrusion Available to Purchase
Journal: Russian Geology and Geophysics
Publisher: Novosibirsk State University
Published: 01 September 2023
Russ. Geol. Geophys. (2023) 64 (9): 1065–1085.
...Fig. 1. Scheme of the tectonic structure of the Ol’khon region, with the position of gabbro massifs in the Krestovskaya zone, simplified from Lavrenchuk et al. ( 2017 ). 1 – gabbro of the first phase of the Birkhin complex, 2 – gabbro of the second phase of the Birkhin complex, 3...
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