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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Africa
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Southern Africa
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Karoo Basin (6)
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South Africa
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Bushveld Complex (1)
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Eastern Cape Province South Africa
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Free State South Africa (2)
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Alexander Terrane (1)
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Asia
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Far East
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Australasia
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Denali Fault (1)
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Mammalia
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Insectivora (1)
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Reptilia
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Synapsida
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Invertebrata
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Plantae
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Tertiary
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upper Miocene
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Modelo Formation (1)
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Comanchean
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Paluxy Formation (1)
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Kuskokwim Group (4)
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Lower Cretaceous
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Paluxy Formation (1)
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Upper Cretaceous
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Maestrichtian (1)
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Great Valley Sequence (1)
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Jurassic
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lower Liassic (1)
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middle Liassic (1)
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Pliensbachian (1)
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Toarcian (1)
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upper Liassic (1)
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Upper Jurassic
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Triassic
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Lower Triassic
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Permian-Triassic boundary (4)
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Middle Triassic
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Anisian (1)
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Upper Triassic
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Paleozoic
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Carboniferous
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Lower Carboniferous
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Asbian (1)
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Dinantian (2)
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Mississippian
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Middle Mississippian
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Visean (2)
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Upper Mississippian
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Chesterian
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Aux Vases Sandstone (2)
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Renault Formation (2)
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Greenbrier Limestone (1)
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Meramecian
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Salem Limestone (1)
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Warsaw Formation (1)
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Namurian (1)
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Pennsylvanian (2)
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Upper Carboniferous (1)
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Casco Bay Group (1)
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Devonian
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Upper Devonian (1)
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Itarare Subgroup (1)
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lower Paleozoic
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Penobscot Formation (1)
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New Albany Shale (1)
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Ordovician
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Tremadocian (2)
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Permian
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Guadalupian
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Lower Permian
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Cisuralian
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Upper Permian
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Permian-Triassic boundary (4)
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Silurian (2)
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upper Paleozoic
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Arkansas Novaculite (1)
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Precambrian
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Sandia Granite (1)
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upper Precambrian
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Proterozoic
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Mesoproterozoic (1)
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Paleoproterozoic (1)
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igneous rocks
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framework silicates
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orthosilicates
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zircon group
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zircon (8)
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ring silicates
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cordierite (1)
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sheet silicates
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mica group
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biotite (1)
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muscovite (1)
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-
-
-
sulfates (1)
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sulfides (1)
-
-
Primary terms
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absolute age (8)
-
Africa
-
Southern Africa
-
Karoo Basin (6)
-
South Africa
-
Bushveld Complex (1)
-
Eastern Cape Province South Africa
-
Cape Town South Africa (1)
-
-
Free State South Africa (2)
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KwaZulu-Natal South Africa (1)
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Merensky Reef (1)
-
-
-
-
Asia
-
Altai Mountains
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Mongolian Altai (1)
-
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Far East
-
Mongolia
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Mongolian Altai (1)
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-
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Gobi Desert (1)
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Indian Peninsula
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India
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Lonar Crater (1)
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Nepal
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Kathmandu Valley (1)
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asteroids (1)
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Australasia
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bibliography (2)
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Canada
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Cenozoic
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Quaternary
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Pleistocene
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upper Pleistocene (1)
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-
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Tertiary
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Neogene
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Miocene
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upper Miocene
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Modelo Formation (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Chordata
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Vertebrata
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Agnatha (1)
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Tetrapoda
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Mammalia
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Theria
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Eutheria
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Insectivora (1)
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Reptilia
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Synapsida
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Therapsida
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Dicynodontia
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rhyolites (1)
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intrusions (4)
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Invertebrata
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-
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Echinodermata
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Crinozoa
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Mollusca
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Protista
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-
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maps (10)
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Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Comanchean
-
Paluxy Formation (1)
-
Rodessa Formation (1)
-
-
Kuskokwim Group (4)
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Paluxy Formation (1)
-
Rodessa Formation (1)
-
Valanginian (1)
-
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Gulfian
-
Eagle Ford Formation (1)
-
Woodbine Formation (1)
-
-
Maestrichtian (1)
-
Senonian (1)
-
-
-
Great Valley Sequence (1)
-
Jurassic
-
Lower Jurassic
-
Hettangian (1)
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lower Liassic (1)
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middle Liassic (1)
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Pliensbachian (1)
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Sinemurian (1)
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Toarcian (1)
-
upper Liassic (1)
-
-
Upper Jurassic
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Oxfordian (1)
-
-
-
Triassic
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Lower Triassic
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Permian-Triassic boundary (4)
-
-
Middle Triassic
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Anisian (1)
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Ladinian (1)
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Upper Triassic
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Norian (1)
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metal ores
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metamorphic rocks
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hornfels (1)
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impactites (1)
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marbles (1)
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metasedimentary rocks (2)
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Moon (2)
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noble gases (1)
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North America
-
Appalachians
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Northern Appalachians (1)
-
-
Denali Fault (1)
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Great Plains (1)
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Gulf Coastal Plain (1)
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Rio Grande Rift (1)
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Rocky Mountains (1)
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Yukon-Tanana Terrane (1)
-
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nuclear facilities (1)
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orogeny (2)
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Pacific Ocean
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Cascadia Basin (1)
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North Pacific
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Northeast Pacific
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Cascadia Basin (1)
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paleoclimatology (5)
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paleoecology (3)
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paleogeography (7)
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paleontology (1)
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Paleozoic
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Jackfork Group (1)
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Lower Carboniferous
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Asbian (1)
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Dinantian (2)
-
-
Mississippian
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Borden Group (1)
-
Lower Mississippian
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Fort Payne Formation (1)
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Osagian (1)
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Tournaisian (1)
-
-
Middle Mississippian
-
Visean (2)
-
-
Upper Mississippian
-
Chesterian
-
Aux Vases Sandstone (2)
-
Renault Formation (2)
-
-
Greenbrier Limestone (1)
-
Meramecian
-
Salem Limestone (1)
-
Warsaw Formation (1)
-
-
-
-
Namurian (1)
-
Pennsylvanian (2)
-
Upper Carboniferous (1)
-
-
Casco Bay Group (1)
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Devonian
-
Upper Devonian (1)
-
-
Itarare Subgroup (1)
-
lower Paleozoic
-
Penobscot Formation (1)
-
-
New Albany Shale (1)
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Ordovician
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Lower Ordovician
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Tremadocian (2)
-
-
-
Permian
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Guadalupian
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Capitanian (1)
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Roadian (1)
-
-
Lower Permian
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Cisuralian
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Kungurian (1)
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Sakmarian (1)
-
-
-
Upper Permian
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Permian-Triassic boundary (4)
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-
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Silurian (2)
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upper Paleozoic
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Arkansas Novaculite (1)
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palynomorphs
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miospores
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pollen (1)
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permafrost (1)
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petroleum
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natural gas (20)
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petrology (3)
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Plantae
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Spermatophyta
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Glossopteridales
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plate tectonics (5)
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upper Precambrian
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Brazil (1)
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Bethel sandstone
Petrology of Bethel Sandstone of South-Central Illinois
The Physical Properties of the Bethel Sandstone of South-Central Illinois: ABSTRACT
—Distribution and thickness of Chesteran strata and Bethel Sandstone in Ill...
—Structural map contoured on top of Bethel sandstone. Table I is key to B...
Tidal Deposition of Cypress, Ridenhower, and Bethel Sandstones (Chesterian, Late Mississippian), La Salle Anticlinal Belt, Lawrence and Crawford Counties, Illinois: ABSTRACT
Abstract Deltaic and fluvial sedimentation processes have been recognized as primary dispersal mechanisms that operated to contribute sediments to the Chesteran depositional area in part of the Illinois basin of Illinois, Indiana, and Kentucky. As the fluvial cycle was initiated, erosion channels were incised into the underlying strata. Clastic sediments were delivered to the depositional area by the Michigan River system. The channel fill can be traced from its outcrop into the subsurface and across Kentucky for more than 100 mi (160 km). The fill can be projected with considerable success into areas where few tests have been drilled. Successful projections have been accomplished by making isopach maps of the channel fill. Once the distributary network is outlined, a direct relation is apparent between the channel system and hydrocarbon accumulation within the Bethel Sandstone. The Midland, St. Charles, Barnsley, Luzerne, Sharon School, and Elk Creek fields occur within the distributary network. All these fields are combination traps which are restricted to the channel fill and are localized by subsequent structural deformation. Of the several fields mentioned, Midland gas field is by far the largest. It was discovered in 1962 and, in 1968, had 59 gas wells producing from the Bethel Sandstone (early Chesteran). The gas reservoir is approximately 10.8 mi (17.4 km) long and 1.3 mi (2.1 km) wide and contains an estimated productive 542,257 acre-ft, which makes it the largest continuous natural reservoir in the Illinois basin. Estimated original reserves are placed at 163 billion cu ft of gas; approximately 51 billion cu ft had been produced through 1967. Maximum productive sandstone exceeds 180 ft (55 m) in thickness.
Lithologic Character of Chester Rocks in Illinois-Kentucky Fluorspar District
Abstract Production of natural gas in western Kentucky has been minor in comparison to oil production. By far the largest gas reservoir discovered is the Midland gas field in northern Muhlenberg County. Here gas has accumulated in an isolated sand- filled Bethel channel cut to a depth of more than 200 ft into the underlying limestone. The Midland reservoir is from 0.5 to 2 mi wide and 10 mi long. Gas apparently has accumulated on the south (updip) flank of the main channel. At the western tip of the pool the channel turns northwestward, cutting obliquely downdip and thereby limiting hydrocarbon accumulation in that direction. The trap thus appears to be both stratigraph- ic and structural, with the gas confined to the area where the channel parallels the regional strike. Production is best at the western end, where pay thickness is more than 100 ft. Total reserve is estimated to be approximately 165 billion cu ft. The most significant gas-productive areas discovered up to 1962 were the Luzerne, also known as “West Greenville,” and Sharon Consolidated fields, both in Muhlenberg County. These two fields are adjacent but apparently not continuous. The Bethel Sandstone is the reservoir formation in both.