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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Reptilia
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Spermatophyta
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Gymnospermae
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problematic fossils
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geologic age
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Tertiary
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Wanapum Basalt (1)
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Paleozoic
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Carboniferous
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Devonian
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Ludlowville Formation (1)
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Ordovician (3)
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Permian
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Lower Permian
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Upper Permian
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Permian-Triassic boundary (1)
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Silurian
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Llandovery (1)
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Precambrian
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upper Precambrian
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Proterozoic
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igneous rocks
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orthosilicates
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sheet silicates
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sulfates
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natroalunite (1)
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sulfides (2)
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Primary terms
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absolute age (6)
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Africa
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Congo Craton (2)
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North Africa
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Morocco (1)
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Southern Africa
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Namibia
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Damara Belt (1)
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Kaoko Belt (1)
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associations (1)
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bibliography (1)
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Canada
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Ontario (1)
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carbon
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Caribbean region
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Cenozoic
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Quaternary
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Holocene
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lower Holocene (1)
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Pleistocene
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upper Pleistocene
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Wisconsinan (1)
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upper Quaternary (1)
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Tertiary
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Neogene
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Miocene
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Calvert Formation (1)
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middle Miocene
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Choptank Formation (1)
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Wanapum Basalt (1)
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Pliocene (2)
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Central America
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Chordata
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Vertebrata
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Tetrapoda
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Mammalia
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Theria
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Eutheria
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Proboscidea
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Elephantoidea
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Elephantidae
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Reptilia
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Diapsida
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igneous rocks
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volcanic rocks
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alkali basalts (1)
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tholeiitic basalt (1)
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-
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Integrated Ocean Drilling Program
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Expedition 313
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IODP Site M0029 (1)
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Invertebrata
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Arthropoda
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Mandibulata
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Crustacea
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Trilobitomorpha
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Brachiopoda (3)
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Bryozoa (1)
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Cnidaria
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Anthozoa
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Rugosa (1)
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Echinodermata
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Crinozoa
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Mollusca
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Bivalvia (3)
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Cephalopoda
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Ammonoidea (1)
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Gastropoda (3)
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Porifera (1)
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Protista
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Foraminifera
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Fusulinina
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Fusulinidae (1)
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Rotaliina
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Buliminacea
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Bulimina (1)
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Uvigerinidae
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Rotaliacea
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Elphidium (1)
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Silicoflagellata (1)
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Vermes
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Annelida
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isotopes
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Upper Cretaceous
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Campanian (1)
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Maestrichtian (1)
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Senonian (1)
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-
-
Jurassic
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Upper Jurassic
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Bossier Formation (1)
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Buckner Formation (1)
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Cotton Valley Group (1)
-
Schuler Formation (1)
-
Smackover Formation (1)
-
-
-
Triassic
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Lower Triassic
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Permian-Triassic boundary (1)
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-
-
-
metals
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actinides
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thorium (1)
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alkali metals
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Paleozoic
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Carboniferous
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Lower Mississippian (1)
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Pennsylvanian
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Upper Pennsylvanian
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Devonian
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Givetian (1)
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Ludlowville Formation (1)
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Ordovician (3)
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Permian
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Lower Permian
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Silurian
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Spermatophyta
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Gymnospermae
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plate tectonics (2)
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Precambrian
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upper Precambrian
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Marinoan (2)
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Otavi Group (3)
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Sturtian (1)
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Vendian (1)
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problematic fossils
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
Bethanis Member
Outcrop images of the Bethanis Member of the Ghaub Formation illustrating t...
An ice grounding-line wedge from the Ghaub glaciation (635 Ma) on the distal foreslope of the Otavi carbonate platform, Namibia, and its bearing on the snowball Earth hypothesis
Oblique photo mosaic of outcrop of Ghuab Formation and associated Bethanis ...
Reconnaissance measured sections of the Ghaub Formation on Fransfontein hom...
Schematic of the relative thickness of the Ghaub Formation along a east to ...
Bedding and clast characteristics of the Ghaub Formation illustrating the f...
Autochthonous columnar sections of the Abenab and basal Tsumeb Subgroups on...
Possible Sprigginid Worm and a New Trace Fossil from the Nama Group, South West Africa
Field photographs from the Fransfontein foreslope (see Figure 9 for locati...
Glaciogenic and associated strata of the Otavi carbonate platform and foreslope, northern Namibia: evidence for large base-level and glacioeustatic changes
Abstract Two discrete, mappable, glaciogenic formations occur within the Otavi Group, a 3±1-km-thick carbonate-dominated platform of late Neoproterozoic age, developed on the SW promontory of the Congo craton in northern Namibia and exposed in bordering late Ediacaran fold belts. Each is overlain abruptly by an expanded postglacial carbonate sequence, the younger of which begins with a globally-correlative transgressive dolopelarenite. The older Chuos glaciation (<746 Ma) occurred during a time of north-south crustal stretching. Debris derived from upturned older rocks collected in structural depressions. The younger Ghaub glaciation (635 Ma) occurred, after stretching ceased, on a thermally-subsiding marine platform and its distally-tapered foreslope. A continuous ice grounding-zone wedge (GZW) occurs on the distal foreslope, while the upper foreslope and outer platform are devoid of glacial debris and only small pockets of lodgement facies exist on the inner platform. Debris in the GZW is derived from a distinctive falling-stand wedge that is unique to the foreslope and from immediately older strata mined preferentially from the inner platform. The GZW rests on a smooth surface that includes a transverse steep-walled trough presumably cut by an ice-stream, within which is a towering doubly-crested moraine composed of composite, massive, carbonate diamictite. The surface suggests that the ice-sheet was grounded on the distal foreslope, implying a large fall in base level at a glacial maximum that predates the GZW. The glacial record ends with Fe-stained beds, rich in ice-rafted debris, that are notably absent from the moraine, upper foreslope and platform, which were apparently above sea-level at that time.