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Ben Lomond Mountain
Form, genesis, and deformation of central California wave-cut platforms
Alignment of sediment dispersal systems in the northern Salinian block and ...
A: The San Francisco bay area and San Andreas fault system. SAF—San Andreas...
Pre–San Andreas palinspastic reconstruction of southern California, SW Ariz...
Paleogeographic reconstruction of central California during late Oligocene–...
Geologic setting for the Gualala Basin. Detailed map of the basin (inset) b...
Map showing pre–16 Ma palinspastic alignment of Pinnacles and Neenach volca...
Santa Cruz Basin Oil Province
Crustal block-controlled contrasts in deformation, uplift, and exhumation in the Santa Cruz Mountains, California, USA, imaged through apatite (U-Th)/He thermochronology and 3-D geological modeling
Pre-Oligocene schematic palinspastic map for Salinia and adjoining areas. D...
Generalized stratigraphic columns for the Ben Lomond and La Honda blocks, C...
EVOLUTION OF THE TERTIARY LA HONDA BASIN, CENTRAL CALIFORNIA
ABSTRACT Tertiary strata of the La Honda basin are exposed in the Santa Cruz Mountains along the central California coast south of San Francisco. The basin fill has a composite thickness of more than 14,500 m and consists of sedimentary and volcanic rocks that in places rest on granitic basement rocks of the Salinia terrane. Paleogene strata are mainly turbidite sandstone and hemipelagic mudstone that accumulated in deep-sea fan and basin plain environments at lower bathyal to abyssal depths. Neogene rocks are mainly shallow-marine shelf sandstone and upper to middle bathyal siliceous mudstone. Both Paleogene and Neogene strata exhibit rapid lateral variations in thickness and facies, several local and regional unconformities, numerous folds, and ubiquitous faults. The complicated geology and geologic history of the La Honda basin reflect the fact that, throughout its history, the basin has been located at or near the tectonically active plate boundary between the North American continent and various oceanic plates of the Pacific basin. The La Honda basin originated during the Paleocene, perhaps during an episode of wrench tectonism associated with oblique subduction and arrival of the Salinia terrane. Major restructuring of the basin during the Oligocene—including uplift and erosion of the basin margins, movement along the Zayante-Vergeles fault, and deposition of two sand-rich deep-sea fans—apparently resulted from the approach of the Farallon-Pacific spreading ridge and its collision with the California continental margin. During the late Oligocene and early Miocene, widespread volcanism and marine transgression accompanied an episode of regional transtension along the San Andreas fault system. Deposition of shallow-marine sandstones and deeper-water siliceous mudstones occurred during much of the Miocene and Pliocene but was interrupted at least three times by brief episodes of uplift and erosion associated with transpressional wrench tectonism along the San Andreas fault. Marine deposition ended and uplift of the modern Santa Cruz Mountains began during the late Pliocene in response to the most-recent episode of regional transpression. Five small oil fields in the La Honda basin have produced a total of 1.7 million barrels of oil and 300 million cubic feet of gas, mostly from reservoirs in Eocene turbidite sandstone and Miocene limestone.
3-D geologic model structure of the Santa Cruz Mountains, California, USA. ...
Geology of the Santa Cruz Mountains: ABSTRACT
Heavy minerals in lower Tertiary formations in the Santa Cruz Mountains, California
DEPOSITIONAL AND STRUCTURAL CONTROLS ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF TAR SANDS IN THE SANTA CRUZ MOUNTAINS, CALIFORNIA
ABSTRACT Heavy petroleum is found in limited deposits as tar-saturated sandstone within the western Santa Cruz Mountains of central California. The largest accumulation of petroleum is in the middle and upper Miocene Santa Margarita Sandstone. The Santa Margarita Sandstone rests disconformably on pre-Tertiary Salinian basement rocks and unconformably on the Monterey Formation (middle Miocene) and older Tertiary rocks. The Santa Cruz Mudstone (upper Miocene), which conformably overlies the Santa Margarita Sandstone, provided an initial seal for petroleum entrapment. The present distribution of petroleum apparently is related to the depositional environment of the Santa Margarita Sandstone and to later structural development. The Santa Margarita Sandstone is a tidally-dominated marine shelf deposit. An 8- to 10-km (5-6 mi) wide, northeast-trending facies of unidirectional, large-scale cross-strata of uncemented sand and gravel represents a zone of intense tidal currents; this facies provided a conduit for initial petroleum migration. West-dipping homoclinal folding, including northeasttrending and southwest-plunging compaction anticlines, formed structures for initial petroleum entrapment within the cross-bedded facies. Strike-slip movement on the San Gregorio fault system formed a postdepositional conjugate fault-and-fracture system in the western Santa Cruz Mountains. Where petroleum had previously accumulated on structures, faulting and fracturing caused intrusion of the petroleum-saturated sand into the overlying siliceous mudstone; these intrusions range in width from a few centimeters (inches) wide to complex injection zones more than 200 m wide (650 ft). Faulting and associated clastic intrusions also formed partial seals across structures within the Santa Margarita Sandstone. The maximum thickness, 30 m (100 ft), of tar-saturated sandstone occurs in fault traps downdip on southwest-plunging anticlines within the cross-bedded facies. Petroleum accumulations also occur in stratigraphic traps where sand pinches out on paleotopographic highs, in structural traps within fault-bounded blocks on homoclinal folds, and in possible diagenetic traps where sandstone lies on marble.