The Ferris Dune Field of south-central Wyoming lies in a topographically-regulated “corridor” of high wind that extends over much of southern Wyoming. Examination of geomorphology, sedimentology, and stratigraphy reveals that winds did not vary significantly in either average direction or speed during the Holocene period, but variations in precipitation, and hence plant growth, produced varying degrees of eolian activity. Deposition of dune sand resulted mainly from a decrease in the carrying capacity of the wind as it encountered the Ferris-Seminoe Mountain barrier. The Ferris dunes geomorphically resemble other dune fields in the western United States. Phytogenic dunes, varying in size and shape from small blowout dunes to large, well-developed parabolic dunes, dominate the landscape. A few actively migrating dunes occur both where the stabilized ground surface has been disturbed and where the highest wind speeds occur. Mineral analyses indicate that the Ferris dune sands were derived primarily from the Tertiary Battle Spring Formation. The Killpecker Dune Field “tail” sands and certain Cretaceous through Paleocene sandstones exposed along the Lost Soldier Divide were lesser contributors. The valley of Clear Creek reveals a relatively continuous Holocene section of interbedded dune and interdunal pond deposits. Bioturbated, low-angle (less than 15°) bedding, which characterized large portions of the eolian sands exposed there, attests to the long-term influence of vegetation and moisture on dune activity. Artifacts recovered in the vicinity of Clear Creek demonstrate Late Plains Archaic to Late Prehistoric occupations in this area. Radiocarbon dates from Clear Creek, comparison of Clear Creek chronology to other radiometrically-dated geologic-climatic events from the western United States, and theoretical dune migration rates reveal a general sequence of geologic-climatic events for the Ferris Dune Field: Eolian activity had begun in the Ferris-Lost Soldier area by at least ca. 9,950 to 10,330 years b.p. Major depositional intervals (indicating widespread Ferris dune activity) correlate with two radiocarbon-dated periods of drought. The first occurred between ca. 7,660 and 6,460 years b.p.; the second occurred following ca. 6,460 years b.p. (and lasted until ca. 5,500 years b.p.). Since the last major depositional (drought) interval, the climate in the Ferris-Lost Soldier area has moderated. Drought intervals have been short and vegetation has largely stabilized the dunes.

Abstract This field trip provides an overview of geological features in southwestern Missouri that are related to the American Civil War and to human culture. This includes the geology and history of the Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield (where the second important battle of the American Civil War was fought on 10 August 1861), Zágonyi’s Charge (25 October 1861), the Battle of Springfield (8 January 1863), and the gravestones and monuments of the National Cemetery in Springfield in which many of those who fought at Wilson’s Creek and other Civil War conflicts are buried. Other stops include the Springfield Underground and the quarries and facilities at what was once the town of Phenix (which, along with Carthage, Missouri, was the home of some of the largest dimension-stone quarries west of the Mississippi River); and a reconstructed mill site in Point Lookout, just south of Branson. Most of the field trip involves outcrops, quarries, and bedrock composed of the Mississippian Burlington-Keokuk limestones (undivided), providing numerous chances to examine outcrops and products made of limestone and chert.