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Baiyanghe Deposit

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Journal Article

The Age and Source of Be and U Mineralization from the Baiyanghe Deposit Available to Purchase

Issac J. Jacques, Mostafa Fayek
Published: 04 February 2025
The Canadian Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology (2025) 63 (1): 27–59.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3749/2300065
... for these deposits. The Baiyanghe deposit, China, is the largest Be-U deposit in Asia. Despite several recent studies, the age and sources of mineralization remain controversial. Petrographic and geochemical analysis of host rocks indicate that the Yangzhuang rhyolite is underlain by an evolved alkali rhyolite tuff...
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View PDF for article title, The Age and Source of Be and U Mineralization from the <span class="search-highlight">Baiyanghe</span> <span class="search-highlight">Deposit</span>
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Journal Article

Direct evidence for the source of uranium in the Baiyanghe deposit from accessory mineral alteration in the Yangzhuang granite porphyry, Xinjiang Province, northwest China Available to Purchase

Long Zhang, Xiaofeng Li, Guo Wang, Mou Wang
Published: 01 October 2020
American Mineralogist (2020) 105 (10): 1556–1571.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2020-7383
... investigates the source of uranium in the Baiyanghe deposit in the Xiemisitai Mountains, northwest China. The main uranium ore bodies occur as fracture-fillings along contact zones between the Yangzhuang granite porphyry and the Devonian volcanic rocks. Zircon, thorite, columbite-(Mn), and bastnäsite...
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View PDF for article title, Direct evidence for the source of uranium in the <span class="search-highlight">Baiyanghe</span> <span class="search-highlight">deposit</span> from accessory mineral alteration in the Yangzhuang granite porphyry, Xinjiang Province, northwest China
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Various hand sample- and micro-photographs from the Baiyanghe deposit. (a) Hand sample of YR from an outcrop. (b) Microphotograph of a sample of YR exhibiting spherulitic texture shown in plane light. (c) Microphotograph of a sample of YR from a drill core at 186 m depth showing granophyric texture in cross-polarized light. (d) Hand sample of rhyolitic to dacitic tuff. (e) Microphotograph of rhyolitic to dacitic tuff exhibiting devitrification texture in plane light. (f) Microphotograph of rhyolitic to dacitic tuff showing ash layers wrapping around a sericitized K-feldspar phenocryst in plane light. (g) Hand sample of andesitic tuff. (h) Plane light microphotograph of a plagioclase lath completely altered to chlorite and epidote bent along flow structures in a matrix of ash. (i) Plane light microphotograph of andesitic tuff showing highly altered plagioclase phenocrysts altered to quartz and illite. (j) Andesitic tuff hand sample with a purple fluorite vein. (k) Plane light microphotograph of andesite showing alteration fronts of dominantly illite and quartz as well as pervasive chloritization. (l) Microphotograph of diabase dike shown in plane light. Kfs – K-feldspar, Hem – hematite, Qtz – quartz, devit – devitrified glass, Msc – muscovite, Ill – illite, Ep – epidote, Chl – chlorite, Mt – magnetite, Pyx – pyroxene, Bt – biotite, Pl – plagioclase, Fl – fluorite.

Various hand sample- and micro-photographs from the Baiyanghe deposit. (a) ... Available to Purchase

Published: 04 February 2025
Fig. 2. Various hand sample- and micro-photographs from the Baiyanghe deposit. (a) Hand sample of YR from an outcrop. (b) Microphotograph of a sample of YR exhibiting spherulitic texture shown in plane light. (c) Microphotograph of a sample of YR from a drill core at 186 m depth showing
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Sm, Nd, AND Sr ISOTOPIC DATA OF FLUORITE FROM THE BAIYANGHE DEPOSIT Available to Purchase

Published: 04 February 2025
TABLE 2. Sm, Nd, AND Sr ISOTOPIC DATA OF FLUORITE FROM THE BAIYANGHE DEPOSIT
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U-Pb ISOTOPE DATA FOR URANOPHANE-BETA FROM THE BAIYANGHE DEPOSIT Available to Purchase

Published: 04 February 2025
TABLE 3A. U-Pb ISOTOPE DATA FOR URANOPHANE-BETA FROM THE BAIYANGHE DEPOSIT
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U-Pb ISOTOPE DATA FOR URANOPHANE-BETA FROM THE BAIYANGHE DEPOSIT Available to Purchase

Published: 04 February 2025
TABLE 3B. U-Pb ISOTOPE DATA FOR URANOPHANE-BETA FROM THE BAIYANGHE DEPOSIT
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(a) Geological map of the Baiyanghe deposit (modified after Wang et al. 2012; Li et al. 2015; Zhang et al. 2019). (b) Cross section of the Baiyanghe deposit showing the uranium-beryllium mineralization (modified after Li et al. 2015; Zhang et al. 2019).

( a ) Geological map of the Baiyanghe deposit (modified after Wang et al. ... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 October 2020
Figure 2. ( a ) Geological map of the Baiyanghe deposit (modified after Wang et al. 2012 ; Li et al. 2015 ; Zhang et al. 2019 ). ( b ) Cross section of the Baiyanghe deposit showing the uranium-beryllium mineralization (modified after Li et al. 2015 ; Zhang et al. 2019 ).
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Field images and photomicrographs of the Baiyanghe deposit. (a) The contact zones associated with the U-Be mineralization between the granite porphyry and basement. There is abundant purple fluorite at this site. (b) The fracture zones within the granite porphyry have purple fluorite. Uraninite (c) and bertrandite (d) associated with purple fluorite in the ore. Abbreviations: Be = bertrandite, Fl = fluorite, Kfs = K-feldspar, Urn = uraninite, Qz = quartz.

Field images and photomicrographs of the Baiyanghe deposit. ( a ) The conta... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 October 2020
Figure 3. Field images and photomicrographs of the Baiyanghe deposit. ( a ) The contact zones associated with the U-Be mineralization between the granite porphyry and basement. There is abundant purple fluorite at this site. ( b ) The fracture zones within the granite porphyry have purple
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The geochronological framework that includes the magmatism and U-Be mineralization in the Baiyanghe deposit. The data are from: Ma et al. 2010; Zhang and Zhang 2014; Yi 2016; Miao et al. 2019; Xia 2019; and this study.

The geochronological framework that includes the magmatism and U-Be mineral... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 October 2020
Figure 12. The geochronological framework that includes the magmatism and U-Be mineralization in the Baiyanghe deposit. The data are from: Ma et al. 2010 ; Zhang and Zhang 2014 ; Yi 2016 ; Miao et al. 2019 ; Xia 2019 ; and this study.
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A plot showing εNdCHUR and 87Sr/86Sr age correlated to (a) 311 Ma and (b) 261 Ma for samples of fluorite from the Baiyanghe deposit (this study), regional coeval A-type alkali-feldspar granite (Chen &amp; Arakawa 2005, Geng et al. 2009, Mao et al. 2014), diabase intrusions (Miao et al. 2019), the YR (Zhang &amp; Zhang 2014, Mao et al. 2014), middle Devonian rhyolite and dacite porphyries in the Blatter area (Wang et al. 2021), and Late Silurian to Early Devonian volcanic rocks and granite porphyries (Shen et al. 2012). The mantle array is drawn using the data of Ellam &amp; Hawksworth (1988) for Pacific Ocean arc lavas. A mixing line is drawn between the Baiyanghe fluorite and the YR, representing mixing between either (1) YR-derived fluids mixing with the underlying Tarbagatay Group rocks or (2) a mantle-derived fluid with the YR.

A plot showing εNd CHUR and 87 Sr/ 86 Sr age correlated to (a) 311 Ma and... Available to Purchase

Published: 04 February 2025
Fig. 17. A plot showing εNd CHUR and 87 Sr/ 86 Sr age correlated to (a) 311 Ma and (b) 261 Ma for samples of fluorite from the Baiyanghe deposit (this study), regional coeval A-type alkali-feldspar granite ( Chen & Arakawa 2005 , Geng et al. 2009 , Mao et al. 2014 ), diabase
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Comparison of the age-correlated Sr isotope ratios (87Sr/86Sr261Ma) versus 1000/Sr for samples of fluorite from the Baiyanghe deposit (this study), regional coeval A-type alkali-feldspar granite (Chen &amp; Arakawa 2005, Geng et al. 2009, Mao et al. 2014), diabase intrusions (Miao et al. 2019), the YR (Zhang &amp; Zhang 2014, Mao et al. 2014), volcanic and subvolcanic rocks from the Blatter area (Wang et al. 2021), and Late Silurian to Early Devonian volcanic rocks and granite porphyries (Shen et al. 2012). Possible mixing lines are drawn in dashed lines with the equations for the lines. An inset is given to better show the variation in Sr isotopes and the 1000/Sr ratios.

Comparison of the age-correlated Sr isotope ratios ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr 261Ma ) ... Available to Purchase

Published: 04 February 2025
Fig. 16. Comparison of the age-correlated Sr isotope ratios ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr 261Ma ) versus 1000/Sr for samples of fluorite from the Baiyanghe deposit (this study), regional coeval A-type alkali-feldspar granite ( Chen & Arakawa 2005 , Geng et al. 2009 , Mao et al. 2014 ), diabase
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Microscopic photographs of the least-altered and altered granite porphyry and tuff in the Baiyanghe deposit. (a and b) Mineral assemblage of quartz, K-feldspar, plagioclase, and zinnwaldite and porphyritic texture of the least-altered granite porphyry (Sample ZK7702-1), Figures a and b were obtained under cross-polarized light and by BSE imaging, respectively. (c and d) The argillization and albitization of K-feldspar phenocryst from the altered sample (No. BYP1-19) of the granite porphyry, figures c and d were obtained under plane-polarized light and by BSE imaging, respectively. Columbite-(Mn) (e), zircon (f), and bastnäsite (g) in the least-altered granite porphyry, BSE images. (h) Mineral assemblage and texture of the least-altered tuff (Sample BY-2), under plane-polarized light. (i) Chlorite and purple fluorite in the altered tuff (Sample BY-1), under plane-polarized light. Mineral abbreviations: Ab = albite, Chl = chlorite, Fl = fluorite, Kfs = K-feldspar, Mag = magnetite, Qz = quartz, Znw = zinnwaldite, Zrn = zircon.

Microscopic photographs of the least-altered and altered granite porphyry a... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 October 2020
Figure 4. Microscopic photographs of the least-altered and altered granite porphyry and tuff in the Baiyanghe deposit. ( a and b ) Mineral assemblage of quartz, K-feldspar, plagioclase, and zinnwaldite and porphyritic texture of the least-altered granite porphyry (Sample ZK7702-1), Figures
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Field photographs of Cenozoic sedimentary characteristic, structural deformation, and stratigraphic column of the Muli Basin. (A) Huoshaogou Formation sandstone with development of cross-bedding. (B) Sedimentary characteristic of Baiyanghe Formation sandstone and conglomerate. (C) Baiyanghe Formation sandstone with bedding. (D) Huoshaogou Formation was thrust northeastward over Baiyanghe Formation. (E) Angular unconformity relationship between Huoshaogou Formation and Baiyanghe Formation. White dashed boxes show approximate location of view in panels C and D. (F) Cross section of the Huoshaogou Formation and Baiyanghe Formation (modified from Qi et al., 2013). (G) Stratigraphic columns for major depositional environments of the Muli Basin. Sedimentary ages for each formation are from Qi et al. (2013).

Field photographs of Cenozoic sedimentary characteristic, structural deform... Available to Purchase

Published: 27 October 2023
of the Huoshaogou Formation and Baiyanghe Formation (modified from Qi et al., 2013 ). (G) Stratigraphic columns for major depositional environments of the Muli Basin. Sedimentary ages for each formation are from Qi et al. (2013) .
Journal Article

Palaeoclimate, palaeosalinity and redox conditions control palygorskite claystone formation: an example from the Yangtaiwatan Basin, northwest China Available to Purchase

Lihui Liu, Shuai Zhang, Qinfu Liu, Linsong Liu, Youjun Deng
Journal: Clay Minerals
Published: 13 January 2022
Clay Minerals (2021) 56 (3): 210–221.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1180/clm.2022.1
...Lihui Liu; Shuai Zhang; Qinfu Liu; Linsong Liu; Youjun Deng Abstract Palygorskite-bearing claystones and mudstones were deposited in a salt lake in the middle and lower parts of the Neogene Baiyanghe Formation in the Yangtaiwatan Basin, China. The petrological, mineralogical and geochemical...
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View PDF for article title, Palaeoclimate, palaeosalinity and redox conditions control palygorskite claystone formation: an example from the Yangtaiwatan Basin, northwest China
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Two-phase kinematic evolution of the Qilian Shan, northern Tibetan Plateau: Initial Eocene–Oligocene deformation that accelerated in the mid-Miocene Available to Purchase

Bing Li, Bangshen Qi, Xuanhua Chen, Andrew V. Zuza, Daogong Hu, Yujun Sun, Zeng-Zhen Wang, Yiping Zhang
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Published: 27 October 2023
GSA Bulletin (2024) 136 (5-6): 2389–2406.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/B37159.1
... of the Huoshaogou Formation and Baiyanghe Formation (modified from Qi et al., 2013 ). (G) Stratigraphic columns for major depositional environments of the Muli Basin. Sedimentary ages for each formation are from Qi et al. (2013) . ...
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View PDF for article title, Two-phase kinematic evolution of the Qilian Shan, northern Tibetan Plateau: Initial Eocene–Oligocene deformation that accelerated in the mid-Miocene
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(a) Regional geological map of Northwest Junggar showing the location of the Yangzhuang Granite Porphyry (renamed the Yangzhuang Rhyolite in this paper) with the study site locations of Wang et al. (2019) and Shen et al. (2012) shown as blue stars labelled 1 and 2, respectively. (b) Local geological map of Baiyanghe and (c) cross-section of the deposit. Modified from Bonnetti et al. (2021).

(a) Regional geological map of Northwest Junggar showing the location of th... Available to Purchase

Published: 04 February 2025
. (b) Local geological map of Baiyanghe and (c) cross-section of the deposit. Modified from Bonnetti et al. (2021) .
Journal Article

Geochronological and geochemical studies of the OIB-type Baiyanghe dolerites: implications for the existence of a mantle plume in northern West Junggar (NW China) Available to Purchase

XIU-QUAN MIAO, XIN ZHANG, HUI ZHANG, JIN-RONG WANG, ZHENG LIU, CHENG-ZE LI, QIANG SHI, RUN-WU LI, YAO-SHEN HUANG, QUAN-ZHENG MA
Published: 25 March 2018
Geological Magazine (2019) 156 (4): 702–724.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016756818000134
.... , Shi , Z. L. & Lu , K. G. 2012 . Geological characteristics of Baiyanghe Beryllium-Uranium deposits in Xuemisitan volcanic belt, Xinjiang . Mineral Exploration 3 , 34 – 40 (in Chinese with English abstract). Wang , Z. H. , Sun , S. , Li , J. L. , Hou , Q. L...
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View PDF for article title, Geochronological and geochemical studies of the OIB-type <span class="search-highlight">Baiyanghe</span> dolerites: implications for the existence of a mantle plume in northern West Junggar (NW China)
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Genesis of Palygorskite in the Neogene Baiyanghe Formation in Yangtaiwatan Basin, Northwest China, Based on the Mineralogical Characteristics and Occurrence of Enriched Trace Elements and Ree Available to Purchase

Shuai Zhang, Lihui Liu, Qinfu Liu, Bingjie Zhang, Zhichuan Qiao, Brian J. Teppen
Published: 01 February 2021
Clays and Clay Minerals (2021) 69 (1): 23–37.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42860-020-00104-7
... in the samples ( Fig. 8 ) supports the theory that the lacustrine sediments were deposited in a salty medium (Wang et al. 2017 ). These conditions were favorable to palygorskite formation. The palygorskite occurring in the lacustrine mudstones of the Neogene Baiyanghe Formation in the Yangtaiwatan basin...
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View PDF for article title, Genesis of Palygorskite in the Neogene <span class="search-highlight">Baiyanghe</span> Formation in Yangtaiwatan Basin, Northwest China, Based on the Mineralogical Characteristics and Occurrence of Enriched Trace Elements and Ree
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INTERESTING PAPERS IN OTHER JOURNALS Available to Purchase

Journal: Economic Geology
Published: 01 May 2021
Economic Geology (2021) 116 (3): 801–802.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.116.3.ip01
... Be-U-Mo Baiyanghe deposit, West Junggar (NW China), constrained by mineralogical, trace element and U-Pb isotope signatures of the primary U mineralization Christophe Bonnetti, Xiaodong Liu, Julien Mercadier, Michel Cuney, and Guanglai Li article 103921 Application of remote sensing and reflectance...
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Simplified geologic diagram of the formation of the Baiyanghe Be-U-Mo deposit: (1) Stage 1 mineralization involves the exsolution and circulation of YR-derived, F-rich fluids (blue arrows) which leached Be from the YR and underlying felsic volcanic rocks and deposited them at the contact with the YR and andesitic/basaltic tuff member of the Tarbagatay Group; (2) Stage 2 mineralization was initiated after the emplacement of diabase and diorite intrusions due to the incursion of mantle-derived fluids (blue arrow), resulting in Be mineralization at the contact with the YR and earlier dikes; (3) Stage 3 mineralization resulted from the incursion of oxidizing, lower-T, mantle-derived fluids which scavenged U from the Tarbagatay Group and the YR; deposition was triggered by the localized reduction of U around the mafic dikes; (4) Stage 4 mineralization occurred when oxidizing meteoric water infiltrated along open fractures through the YR and mobilized U via oxidation of reduced phases until secondary U minerals precipitated in open fractures.

Simplified geologic diagram of the formation of the Baiyanghe Be-U-Mo depos... Available to Purchase

Published: 04 February 2025
Fig. 18. Simplified geologic diagram of the formation of the Baiyanghe Be-U-Mo deposit: (1) Stage 1 mineralization involves the exsolution and circulation of YR-derived, F-rich fluids (blue arrows) which leached Be from the YR and underlying felsic volcanic rocks and deposited them at the contact