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Artesia Group
Artesia Group of New Mexico and West Texas
—Lithologic cross section from proposed reference section to Artesia Group ...
Facies and depositional environments of the Shattuck Sandstone on the northwestern shelf of the Permian Basin
Stratigraphy and Sedimentology of the Shattuck Member (Queen Formation) and Lowermost Seven Rivers Formation (Guadalupian), North Mckittrick and Dog Canyons, Guadalupe Mountains, New Mexico and West Texas
Abstract The Permian Basin Complex is characterized by a prograding and aggrading shelf-marginal megafacies which is flanked by a shelf megafacies and a basinal megafacies. Guadalupian units of the shelf-marginal megafacies are the Goat Seep Dolomite and the younger, overlying Capitan Limestone. Shelf strata equivalent to these shelf-marginal units comprise the Artesia Group. The subdivisions of the Artesia Group are the Grayburg, Queen, Seven Rivers, Yates, and Tansill formations. In the Grayburg, Seven Rivers, and Tansill, a broad band of shelf carbonates separates the shelf-margin megafacies from bedded evaporites and evaporite-bearing carbonates further shelfward (Fig. 1). Similar rocks and relationships occur in the Queen and Yates, but, in addition, the Queen and Yates contain several siliciclastic intervals which extend like sheets across the shelf and up to the shelf margin. The Shattuck is one of these siliciclastic intervals. The origin of the siliciclastic intervals is still controversial, some workers advocating predominantly subaqueous transport over a submerged shelf, while others argue for predominantly eolian transport during low sea stands.
The Role of Hydrogen Sulfide in the Evolution of Caves in the Guadalupe Mountains of Southeastern New Mexico
Abstract Part of the Permian Capitan Reef Complex is exposed in the Guadalupe Mountains of southeastern New Mexico and western Texas (Fig. 1). The reef complex includes the Capitan Limestone and the carbonate backreef beds of the Artesia Group that comprise a lithosome called the Capitan aquifer (Hiss, 1976). This lithosome contains well-developed solution openings that range from microscopic to voids the size of Carlsbad Cavern. This solution porosity was once thought to be caused by weak carbonic acid in the phreatic zone within the Capitan aquifer (Bretz, 1949). During the last 15 years, however, workers have obtained evidence indicating that sulfuric acid may be a major cause of carbonate dissolution (Egemeier, 1973; Jagnow, 1977; Palmer et al., 1977; Maslyn, 1979; Davis, 1980; Kirkland, 1982; and Hill, 1987). Sulfuric acid is generated when oxygen (O 2 ) is introduced into solutions containing dissolved hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) gas (Hill, 1987). Hydrogen sulfide is common in subsurface formations in southeastern New Mexico (Bjorklund and Motts, 1959; Hinds and Cunningham, 1970, pp. 4 and 7). In southeastern New Mexico and elsewhere along the subsurface trend of the Capitan reef, H 2 S is present in accumulations of oil and gas and in associated saline water (Schram, 1956a, p. 103, and 1956b, p. 307; Wilson, 1956, p. 179; and Roswell Geological Society Symposium Committee, 1956a, p. 181, and 1956b, p. 291).