...Randolph Langenbach, M.EERI The Arg-e-Bam (Bam Citadel; in Farsi, arg means citadel) is a remarkable example of the earthen architecture and construction that was heavily damaged in the 2003 Bam, Iran, earthquake, which occurred on 26 December 2003. This paper presents the hypothesis...

...Mansour Ziyaeifar; Hossein Meshki; Mohammed Ali Morovat Arg-e-Bam (Bam Citadel) was a large urban complex of ancient earthen architecture in an arid environment. This complex was renowned for its majestic size and its peculiar impression on the visitors at first sight. The Arg-e-Bam was built...

... and aerial photo studies. This map shows that most parts of Bam and Baravat are constructed on Quaternary alluvial. The Arg-e-Bam, located at the northwest of the city, is the only site where a rock outcrop can be observed. The Quaternary materials can be divided in into four groups based on general...

... the historic city of Bam. According to Persian history, parts of the city dated back 2,000 years, with many structures, including the historic castle of Arg-e-Bam, constructed of mud-brick and clay. According to preliminary reports, strong-motion instruments operated by the national Iranian strong-motion...

... in southeastern Iran (Fig- ure 1). Over 26,200 people were killed and about 30,000 were injured during and after the earthquake (Ghafory-Ashtiany 2004). In addition to such devastating human loss, the local economy was also heavily damaged, especially by the collapse of Arg-e-Bam, an old citadel of mud bricks...

... of visual interpretation compared with eld survey data by Hisada et al. 2005 around aftershock seismic station No. 1, located in the south of Arg-e-Bam. To see this gure in color: see plates following p. S535. elapsed times are considered to be highly dependent on the number of buildings, quality...

..., contain evidence of human habitation up to 6,000 years old. The historic ruins of Arg-e-Bam Bam Citadel; in Farsi, arg means citadel were once located on the Spice Road, a major transportation route that branched off of the Silk Road. The origins and age of the Citadel have yet to be discovered...

... of the Arg-e-Bam fault proposed, 2004 , Geophys. Res. Lett. 32 , no.  9 , L09308 . Schneider J. F. Silva W. J. Stark C. ( 1993 ). Ground motion model for the 1989 M  6.9 Loma Prieta earthquake including effects of source, path, and site , Earthquake Spectra 9 , 251 - 287...

... s transportation system faced serious dif culties. BRIDGES Four major bridges are located in the earthquake stricken region of Bam. The locations of three of the bridges are shown in Figure 5. ESPIKAN BRIDGE Espikan Bridge Figure 6 , located north of Bam near Bam Citadel Arg-e-Bam; Figure 5...

...-earthquake image of the Arg-e-Bam Citadel in Bam Images courtesy of DigitalGlobe . of the shape or form of the original structure. For engineered structures e.g., reinforced concrete frame buildings , the image characteristics of damage are somewhat different, as these structures tend to pancake...

... of its rst activities included conducting seminars on city planning and the Arg-e-Bam Bam Citadel . The activities of this organization include preparation of maps and information on local historical sites for Bam and surrounding counties. The experts at the Cultural Heritage Organization of Bam...

...Figure 2. (a) A map comparing the surface traces of the fault models and epicenter locations (open stars) for the 2003 Bam earthquake, as reported by different authors. The thick black line represents the fault model inferred by InSAR ( Wang et al. , 2004 ). The thin black line is the Arg‐e‐Bam...

... toll was estimated to exceed 40,000. The city of Bam is renowned for the archeological site of Arg-e-Bam Bam Citadel , which comprised the largest sun-dried mud-brick citadel existing in the world and dates back many centuries. This historic site was devastated by the earthquake. The highest intensity...

.... The city of Bam is famous for its ancient architecture. Bam s 2,500 year-old citadel, Arg-e-Bam, drew in about 15,000 foreign tourists and three times as many Iranian visitors during the year prior to the earthquake. The Bam Citadel, which was of adobe construction, was extensively damaged Figure 3...

... visualization mode, showing the Arg-e-Bam citadel and a sample of the georeferenced photographic archive collected by the EERI reconnaissance team. To see this gure in color: see plates following p. xxx. reconnaissance team, a texture-based citywide damage map Adams et al. 2004a and visually based damage...

... was used as data for pre-event conditions. Comparing to the visual interpretation results from aerial photographs National Cartographic Center of Iran 2004 , severely damaged areas were clearly detected in central Bam, including downtown and Arg-e-Bam, but not much damage information could be detected...

...: the operating theater . PERFORMANCE OF ESSENTIAL BUILDINGS IN THE 2003 BAM, IRAN, EARTHQUAKE S383 Figure 11. a View of Baghiyatalah clinic. b Nonstructural damage and plastic hinges in Baghiyatalah clinic. RED CRESCENT CENTER The Red Crescent building, which is located near Arg-e-Bam, was used as a center...

... , ower structures, and the development of large intracontinental strike-slip faults: The Gurvan Bogd fault system in Mongolia, J. Struct. Geol. 21, 1285-1302. Behzadi, Z. A., 1991. The Diamond of Kavir: A Description of Historical Events of Arg-e-Bam From Achamaenids to Zands, Tehran, Zahar As adpur...

... inspection from QuickBird images Yamazaki et al. 2005 and a reconnaissance eld survey Hisada et al. 2004 , more than 80% of buildings in southern Arg-e-Bam were classi ed as Grade 4 very heavy damage or 5 destroyed on the European Macroseismic Scale EMS 1998 . The distribution of detected damage...