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Apollo Lunar Surface Experiment Package

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Journal Article

Archiving the Apollo active seismic data

Matthew Brzostowski, Adam Brzostowski
Journal: The Leading Edge
Published: 01 April 2009
The Leading Edge (2009) 28 (4): 414–416.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.3112756
... or remotely after they had departed. The active data were studied by a group headed by Robert Kovach (Stanford). However, the active data as well as the other ALSEP (Apollo Lunar Surface Experiment Package) data have been in a format not necessarily conducive for modern-day analysis. Finding someone who...
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Gravity measurements on the moon

David A. Chapin
Journal: The Leading Edge
Published: 01 January 2000
The Leading Edge (2000) 19 (1): 88–91.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1438472
... a limited range, this was deemed adequate. Hindsight shows this was a mistake. The Lunar Surface Gravimeter, as the instrument became known in NASA, was to be deployed as part of the Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package, or ALSEP, which was essentially a remotely operated geophysical observatory...
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The Apollo 17 gravity measurements on the moon

Manik Talwani
Journal: The Leading Edge
Published: 01 August 2003
The Leading Edge (2003) 22 (8): 786–789.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1605083
... abbreviations are used in this paper: ALSEP = Apollo lunar surface experiments package; EVA = extra vehicular activity; LM = lunar module; LRV = lunar rover; SEP = surface electrical properties package; TGE = Traverse Gravity Experiment; VSA = Vibrating String Experiment The Bosch-Arma VSA used for TGE...
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The Interior Structure of the Moon: What Does Geophysics Have to Say?

Mark A. Wieczorek
Journal: Elements
Published: 01 February 2009
Elements (2009) 5 (1): 35–40.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2113/gselements.5.1.35
... experiments and measurements have, nevertheless, been performed both on the Moon's surface and from orbit. Indeed, a legacy of the Apollo program is the acquisition of data from long-lived geophysical stations (ALSEP, for Apollo Lunar Surface Experiment Package) that consisted of seismometers, heat-flow...
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Fiber Seismic Network on the Moon

Wenbo Wu, Zhongwen Zhan, Mark Panning, Andrew Klesh
Published: 28 February 2024
Seismological Research Letters (2024) 95 (4): 2153–2163.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0220230067
...Wenbo Wu; Zhongwen Zhan; Mark Panning; Andrew Klesh Abstract Internal structures of the Moon are key to understanding the origin and evolution of the Earth–Moon system and other planets. The Apollo Passive Seismic Experiment detected thousands of lunar seismic events and vastly improved our...
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Brownian Noise and Temperature Sensitivity of Long‐Period Lunar Seismometers

Andrew Erwin, Leandro A. N. de Paula, Nicholas C. Schmerr, David Shelton, Inseob Hahn, P. Roger Williamson, Ho Jung Paik, Talso C. P. Chui
Published: 02 November 2021
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2021) 111 (6): 3065–3075.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0120210072
... antenna , Astrophys. J. 910 , 1 , doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/abe5a7 . Harris R. S. Jr. 1972 . Apollo experience report: Thermal design of Apollo lunar surface experiments package , NASA TN D‐6738. Heijningen J. V. van 2020 . A fifty‐fold improvement of thermal noise limited...
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Recent Exploration of the Moon: Science from Lunar Missions Since 2006

Lisa R. Gaddis, Katherine H. Joy, Ben J. Bussey, James D. Carpenter, Ian A. Crawford, Richard C. Elphic, Jasper S. Halekas, Samuel J. Lawrence, Long Xiao
Published: 01 December 2023
Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry (2023) 89 (1): 1–51.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2023.89.01
... of lunar rock and soil sampled from over 2000 localities, the Apollo missions acquired orbital photography and mapping at X-ray and gamma-ray wavelengths for surface mapping of geochemistry and composition. An array of Apollo Lunar Surface Experiment Packages (ALSEPs) also was deployed by Apollo astronauts...
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Discovery of a zinc-rich mineral on the surface of lunar orange pyroclastic beads

Chi Ma, Yang Liu
Published: 01 March 2019
American Mineralogist (2019) 104 (3): 447–452.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2019-6896
... observation of a host mineral for Zn, S, Cl, and Na on the surface of orange beads from Apollo 17 soil 74220, using advanced analytical field-emission scanning electron microscopy. A small portion (~0.058 g) of pristine Apollo 17 soil 74220 was allocated for this work. Unlike other lunar soils...
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Low-pressure crystallization of a volatile-rich lunar basalt: A means for producing local anorthosites?

Nicholas J. DiFrancesco, Hanna Nekvasil, Donald H. Lindsley, G. Ustunisik
Published: 01 April 2015
American Mineralogist (2015) 100 (4): 983–990.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2015-4885
... and alkali suite, purportedly formed only after almost complete solidification of the LMO and total crystallization of the FAN ( James and Flohr 1983 ; Snyder et al. 1995 ). Compositions of classic FAN sampled from the lunar surface, and analyzed during the Apollo era consisted largely of anorthitic...
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Journal Article

Magmatic Evolution I: Initial Differentiation of the Moon

Amy M. Gaffney, Juliane Gross, Lars E. Borg, Kerri L. Donaldson Hanna, David S. Draper, Nick Dygert, Lindy T. Elkins-Tanton, Kelsey B. Prissel, Tabb C. Prissel, Edgar S. Steenstra, Wim van Westrenen
Published: 01 December 2023
Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry (2023) 89 (1): 103–145.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2023.89.03
... of these rocks and soil samples, which represent the central and eastern nearside of the Moon, orbital XRF data obtained by Apollo 15 and 16, and interpretation of experimental data from the Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package (ALSEP) that was deployed on the lunar surface, identified anorthositic...
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Spinel-anorthosites on the Moon: Impact melt origins suggested by enthalpy constraints

Allan H. Treiman, Michael J. Kulis, Allen F. Glazner
Published: 01 March 2019
American Mineralogist (2019) 104 (3): 370–384.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2019-6652
... and Kring 2014 ). Prissel's experiments, like those of Morgan et al. (2006) , showed that dissolution of anorthosite into lunar picrite melt could produce selvages of spinel-bearing melts and showed further that the Mg* [molar Mg/(Mg+Fe)] of the experimental spinels was too low to be consistent with remote...
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Earth-Moon System, Planetary Science, and Lessons Learned

S. Ross Taylor, Carle M. Pieters, Glenn J. MacPherson
Published: 01 January 2006
Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry (2006) 60 (1): 657–704.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2006.60.7
... for the mercurian surface and that of a laboratory spectrum for Apollo 16 lunar highlands samples shows that the mercurian data are consistent with a regolith surface. Spectral data from thermal infrared exclude both ultramafic and granitic soil compositions, and appear to be compatible with a feldspathic crust...
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The Dust, Atmosphere, and Plasma at the Moon

William M. Farrell, Jasper S. Halekas, Mihaly Horányi, Rosemary M. Killen, Cesare Grava, Jamey R. Szalay, Mehdi Benna, Pamela E. Clark, Michael R. Collier, Anthony Colaprete, Jan Deca, Richard C. Elphic, Shahab Fatemi, Yoshifumi Futaana, Mats Holmström, Dana M. Hurley, Georgiana Y. Kramer, Paul R. Mahaffy, Masaki N. Nishino, Sarah K. Noble, Yoshifumi Saito, Andrew R. Poppe, Kurt D. Retherford, Xu Wang, Shoichiro Yokota
Published: 01 December 2023
Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry (2023) 89 (1): 563–609.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2023.89.13
... and occupation alters the environment. In this section, we summarize recent findings that expand and update the previous seminal review by Stern (1999) . Helium and argon were discovered by the surface-based Lunar Atmosphere Composition Explorer (LACE) mass spectrometer deployed during the Apollo 17...
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Design of the timing system for the new Lunar Laser Ranger proposed for the Matjiesfontein Space Geodetic Observatory in the Great Karoo, South Africa: preliminary results

C. Munghemezulu, W.L. Combrinck, J.O. Botai, R.C. Botha
Published: 01 March 2016
South African Journal of Geology (2016) 119 (1): 91–98.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2113/gssajg.119.1.91
... missions deployed retro-reflectors on the surface of the Moon. The McDonald Observatory was the first observatory to detect photons reflected by the Apollo 11 reflector using a 2.7 m telescope (Williams et al., 1996). Lunar laser ranging involves sending short laser pulses to the Moon; the pulses...
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A possible origin of the lunar spinel-bearing lithologies as told by the meteorite NWA 13191

Lan F. Xie, Hong Y. Chen, Bing K. Miao, Wen L. Song, Zhi P. Xia, Chuan T. Zhang, Guo Z. Chen, Jin Y. Zhang, Si Z. Zhao, Xu K. Gao
Published: 01 March 2024
American Mineralogist (2024) 109 (3): 457–470.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2022-8728
... characteristics of glass in the reflection spectrum are not obvious, so it is not clear if the PSA contains melt. The simulated crystallization experiment clearly shows that it contains a large amount of melt at the spinel crystallization stage. These phenomena provide experimental and sample evidence...
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The Constitution and Structure of the Lunar Interior

Mark A. Wieczorek, Bradley L. Jolliff, Amir Khan, Matthew E. Pritchard, Benjamin P. Weiss, James G. Williams, Lon L. Hood, Kevin Righter, Clive R. Neal, Charles K. Shearer, I. Stewart McCallum, Stephanie Tompkins, B. Ray Hawke, Chris Peterson, Jeffrey J. Gillis, Ben Bussey
Published: 01 January 2006
Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry (2006) 60 (1): 221–364.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2006.60.3
... the manned Apollo landings. As part of the Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package (ALSEP), Surface magnetometers, heat-flow probes, and seismometers operated until 1977 when the transmission of data was terminated. While re-analyses of these data occasionally yield surprises (such as the Apollo seismic...
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Memorial to Alfred T. Anderson

Guilherme Gualda, Ayla Pamukcu, Paul Wallace
Published: 01 July 2020
The Journal of Geology (2020) 128 (4): 319–323.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/709833
.... ; Cameron , E. N. ; Haggerty , S. E. ; Boyd , F. R. ; Finger , L. W. ; James , O. B. ; et al . 1970 . Armalocolite: a new mineral from the Apollo 11 samples . In Apollo 11 Lunar Science Conference (Houston, 1970), Proc. , 1 : 55 – 63 . Anderson , A. T. ; Crewe , A. V...
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Detection of structurally bound hydroxyl in fluorapatite from Apollo Mare basalt 15058,128 using TOF-SIMS

Francis M. McCubbin, Andrew Steele, Hanna Nekvasil, Albert Schnieders, Timothy Rose, Marc Fries, Paul K. Carpenter, Bradley L. Jolliff
Published: 01 August 2010
American Mineralogist (2010) 95 (8-9): 1141–1150.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2010.3448
...—Theoretical considerations of Apollo 16 rusty rocks, sulfide replacement in 67016, and surface-correlated volatiles on lunar volcanic glass . Proceedings of Lunar and Planetary Science Conference , 22 , 427 – 436 . Elkins-Tanton , L.T. , Chatterjee , N. , and Grove , T.L. ( 2003...
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Oxybarometry of Reduced Silicate Glasses: Using Multivariate Methods to Constrain Cr Oxidation States with Application to Lunar Glasses

Molly C. McCanta, M. Darby Dyar, Stephen R. Sutton, Sarah E. Roberts, Cai R. Ytsma
Published: 06 March 2025
American Mineralogist (2025)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2024-9602
... 169 mounts of lunar glass beads and agglutinates collected during Apollo missions 11, 14, 15, and 17 170 and a lunar meteorite impact glass were analyzed for their geochemistry under the same 171 conditions as those of the glass standards described below. 172 173 III.b. Analytical methods 174 Major...
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Early Publication
Journal Article

Introduction to the Special Issue on Mars Seismology

Philippe Lognonné, Sharon Kedar, Victor C. Tsai
Published: 09 November 2021
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2021) 111 (6): 2883–2888.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0120210260
... ( Neal et al. , 2020 ; Weber et al. , 2021 ), a geophysical package on Artemis ( Lognonné, Schmerr, et al. , 2020 ), or even gravitational‐wave detectors on the Moon that may enable the detection of lunar‐free oscillations ( Harms et al. , 2021 ). Seismology is, therefore, well on its way toward...
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