... were studied by a group headed by Robert Kovach (Stanford). However, the active data as well as the other ALSEP (Apollo Lunar Surface Experiment Package) data have been in a format not necessarily conducive for modern-day analysis. Finding someone who could actually read this format was a four-year...

... of the Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package, or ALSEP, which was essentially a remotely operated geophysical observatory. ALSEP had its own power supply and telemetry system and was designed to monitor and control its instruments for two years after the astronauts left the lunar surface. NASA specifications...

... abbreviations are used in this paper: ALSEP = Apollo lunar surface experiments package; EVA = extra vehicular activity; LM = lunar module; LRV = lunar rover; SEP = surface electrical properties package; TGE = Traverse Gravity Experiment; VSA = Vibrating String Experiment While the astronauts were out...

... experiments and measurements have, nevertheless, been performed both on the Moon's surface and from orbit. Indeed, a legacy of the Apollo program is the acquisition of data from long-lived geophysical stations (ALSEP, for Apollo Lunar Surface Experiment Package) that consisted of seismometers, heat-flow...

... antenna , Astrophys. J. 910 , 1 , doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/abe5a7 . Harris R. S. Jr. 1972 . Apollo experience report: Thermal design of Apollo lunar surface experiments package , NASA TN D‐6738. Heijningen J. V. van 2020 . A fifty‐fold improvement of thermal noise limited...

.... , and Stolper , E.M. ( 2015 ) Water, fluorine, and sulfur concentrations in the lunar mantle . Earth and Planetary Science Letters , 427 , 37 – 46 . Chou , C.L. , Boynton , W.V. , Sundberg , L.L. , and Wasson , J.T. ( 1975 ) Volatiles on the surface of Apollo 15 green glass...

... and alkali suite, purportedly formed only after almost complete solidification of the LMO and total crystallization of the FAN ( James and Flohr 1983 ; Snyder et al. 1995 ). Compositions of classic FAN sampled from the lunar surface, and analyzed during the Apollo era consisted largely of anorthitic...

... is calibrated against experiments on natural, complex magma compositions. Rhyolite-MELTS does calculate reasonable phase equilibria, especially liquidus surfaces, for the more complex compositions relevant to this work. For example, MELTS predicts that the Apollo 15C green glass 1-bar liquidus is 1399 °C...

... for the mercurian surface and that of a laboratory spectrum for Apollo 16 lunar highlands samples shows that the mercurian data are consistent with a regolith surface. Spectral data from thermal infrared exclude both ultramafic and granitic soil compositions, and appear to be compatible with a feldspathic crust...

.... The LLR technique was developed during the 1960’s when the Apollo and the Soviet missions deployed retro-reflectors on the surface of the Moon. The McDonald Observatory was the first observatory to detect photons reflected by the Apollo 11 reflector using a 2.7 m telescope (Williams et al., 1996). Lunar...

... the manned Apollo landings. As part of the Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package (ALSEP), Surface magnetometers, heat-flow probes, and seismometers operated until 1977 when the transmission of data was terminated. While re-analyses of these data occasionally yield surprises (such as the Apollo seismic...

... of the OH − content to be no more than 4600 ± 2000 ppm by weight (the equivalent of ~2400 ± 1100 ppm water). The TOF-SIMS detection of OH − in fluorapatite from Apollo sample 15058,128 represents the first direct confirmation of structurally bound hydroxyl in a lunar magmatic mineral. This result provides...

... the next decade may be complemented by new missions, if selected, such as the Europa lander (e.g.; Burke et al. , 2020 ; Kedar et al. , 2020 ), the Lunar Geophysical mission ( Neal et al. , 2020 ; Weber et al. , 2021 ), a geophysical package on Artemis ( Lognonné, Schmerr, et al. , 2020 ), or even...

... Geophysics , 35 , no. 1 , 7 – 13 , https://doi.org/10.1071/EG04007 . Heffels , A. , M. Knapmeyer , J. Oberst , and I. Haase , 2017 , Re-evaluation of Apollo 17 Lunar Seismic Profiling Experiment data : Planetary and Space Science , 135 , 43 – 54 , https://doi.org/10.1016...

... before and after the experiment. Results were fit to Birch-Murnaghan thermal equations of state, which reproduce the experimental data to within 0.5 and 0.7 GPa for the synthetic and natural samples, respectively. At ambient conditions, the unit-cell volume of the natural sample [ V 0 = 314.75 ± 0.23 (1σ...

.... Each landing beginning with Apollo ii will carry at least one seismometer package to a different area of the Lunar surface. The inter- pretation of the basic seismograms telemetered back to the Earth will require travel time curves for location of events. Inversion of measured surface wave phase...

... Radiation , 12 , 537 – 541 . Sato M. Hickling N.L. McLane J.E. ( 1973 ) Oxygen fugacity values of Apollo 12, 14, and 15 lunar samples and reduced state of lunar magmas . Proceedings of the Lunar Science Conference , 4 , 1061 – 1079 . Wegelin J.A. ( 2000 ) A survey...

... spectrometer or by planetary on-surface exploration. Samples studied include lunar rocks, martian meteorites, and terrestrial rocks. The major structural types of quadrilateral pyroxene can be identified using their Raman spectral pattern and peak positions. Values of Mg/(Mg + Fe + Ca) of pyroxene in the (Mg...

... of the telescope, the effective delivery system of the coudé path as well as the surface accuracy of the primary mirror, the HartRAO telescope is within capability of accomplishing its desired task of ranging to the Moon at high accuracy. The primary goal of any Lunar Laser Ranging system is to maximise...

...Timothy D. Swindle Figure 1. Histogram of apparent 40 Ar- 39 Ar ages of lunar samples from three Apollo landing sites and Rb-Sr ages from four sites. Note the prominence of ages between 3.8 and 4.0 Ga. [Used by permission of the editor of Meteoritics , from Bogard (1995) , Fig. 6, p. 256...