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![A, Map of Kenya showing the location of Amboseli National Park (black polygon) and surrounding basin (solid line). B, Schematic diagram showing the relationships of the different samples of the Amboseli non-volant mammal community used in this study. Data from surveys of the living community (AMBLive) and surveys of the death assemblage (AMBDead) are known from a similar temporal window (i.e., the first bone surveys [1975] documented some skeletal materials from individuals contemporaneous to the first living surveys [∼1960s]). Thus, the composite total of all unique species (AMBTotal) represents a decadally averaged estimate of all species in the Amboseli ecosystem over the past ∼50 years (Supplementary Appendix A). Dashed line is a reminder that the Amboseli mammal community likely includes additional unsampled species.]()
![Log-transformed body-size (kg) frequency distributions of non-volant mammal species found in Amboseli National Park. AMBTotal combines all unique species recovered from sampling the live (AMBLive) and dead (AMBDead) and represents the best estimate for richness and body-size distribution of the whole time-averaged source community. “Shared Species” displays species recovered by both AMBLive and AMBDead. The body-size frequency distribution of species only found in the live (“Live-Only Species”) and dead (“Dead-Only Species”) are also provided. Complete listing of species in Supplementary Appendix A.]()
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![Plots of δ18O of bioapatite vs. various environmental parameters. Almost all compositions for vertebrates are from modern bone PO4. (a) Dependence of the δ18O of the PO4 component on temperature for invertebrates and fish. Isotopic offset between phosphate shells and other invertebrate bioapatite could be a species-specific difference, or could be an analytical artifact, as Lécuyer et al. (1996a) used the Ag3PO4 method, whereas Longinelli and Nuti (1973) and Kolodny et al. (1983) used the BiPO4 method. Solid line is regression for phosphatic shells; dashed line is regression for carbonate shells and fish bone. Data from Longinelli and Nuti (1973a), Kolodny et al. (1983), and Lécuyer et al. (1996). (b-d) Plot of the δ18O of the PO4 component of bioapatite vs. local water for selected animals. Dashed line is regression of global data set of vertebrates, omitting turtles, deer, rabbits, and macropodids. (b) Obligate drinkers and turtles with greatest water dependence show a strong positive correlation between δ18O of bioapatite and local water. The similar slope for turtles (dotted line) compared to mammals (dashed line) probably reflects behavioral thermoregulation and/or shell precipitation over a restricted temperature range. Data from Luz and Kolodny (1985), D’Angela and Longinelli (1990), Koch et al. (1991), Ayliffe et al. (1992), Bryant et al. (1994), Sanchez-Chillon et al. (1994), Delgado Huertas et al. (1995), Bocherens et al. (1996), Iacumin et al. (1996a), Barrick et al. (1999). Plots of δ18O of bioapatite vs. various environmental parameters. Almost all compositions for vertebrates are from modern bone PO4. (c and d) are plots of the δ18O of the PO4 component of bioapatite vs. local water for selected animals. Dashed line is regression of global data set of vertebrates, omitting turtles, deer, rabbits, and macropodids. (c) Moderately drought-tolerant animals show a strong positive correlation between δ18O of bioapatite and local water. The thin solid line represents experimental results from laboratory mice; deviation from natural data may reflect how human-controlled settings cause isotopic deviations compared to natural settings. Data from Delgado Huertas et al. (1995) and D’Angela and Longinelli (1990). (d) Drought-tolerant animals show a poor correlation between δ18O of bioapatite and local water. Data from Luz et al. (1990), Ayliffe and Chivas (1990), D’Angela and Longinelli (1990), and Delgado Huertas et al. (1995). (e) The δ18O of the PO4 component of bone for deer and macropodids re-plotted vs. humidity (h) after factoring out local water composition. The strong, negative correlation between δ18O and h reflects influence of leaf water and leaf tissue composition on herbivore δ18O, as well as evaporative enrichment of local water at low h. The large variability in bioapatite composition at low humidity probably reflects uncertainties in assumed values of local water δ18O. Data from Luz et al. (1990) and Ayliffe and Chivas (1990). Lines show model predictions of humidity-dependencies (Kohn 1996). (f) δ18O vs. δ13C for the CO3 component of bone and enamel for different sympatric species from East Africa. Boxes (multiple analyses) and circled star (single analysis) are for animals from Amboseli National Park (Koch et al. 1991, Bocherens et al. 1996), and illustrate a weak trend towards decreasing δ18O of bioapatite CO3 with decreasing δ13C, assuming that anomalously low δ18O for hippos reflects aquatic adaptation or feeding ecology (Bocherens et al. 1996). More extensive data from tooth enamel for the Athi plains (individual points; T. Cerling, unpublished data) show greater scatter, and a tendency for some animals, such as gazelle, to plot far from the Amboseli line.]()
![Plots of δ18O of bioapatite vs. various environmental parameters. Almost all compositions for vertebrates are from modern bone PO4. (a) Dependence of the δ18O of the PO4 component on temperature for invertebrates and fish. Isotopic offset between phosphate shells and other invertebrate bioapatite could be a species-specific difference, or could be an analytical artifact, as Lécuyer et al. (1996a) used the Ag3PO4 method, whereas Longinelli and Nuti (1973) and Kolodny et al. (1983) used the BiPO4 method. Solid line is regression for phosphatic shells; dashed line is regression for carbonate shells and fish bone. Data from Longinelli and Nuti (1973a), Kolodny et al. (1983), and Lécuyer et al. (1996). (b-d) Plot of the δ18O of the PO4 component of bioapatite vs. local water for selected animals. Dashed line is regression of global data set of vertebrates, omitting turtles, deer, rabbits, and macropodids. (b) Obligate drinkers and turtles with greatest water dependence show a strong positive correlation between δ18O of bioapatite and local water. The similar slope for turtles (dotted line) compared to mammals (dashed line) probably reflects behavioral thermoregulation and/or shell precipitation over a restricted temperature range. Data from Luz and Kolodny (1985), D’Angela and Longinelli (1990), Koch et al. (1991), Ayliffe et al. (1992), Bryant et al. (1994), Sanchez-Chillon et al. (1994), Delgado Huertas et al. (1995), Bocherens et al. (1996), Iacumin et al. (1996a), Barrick et al. (1999). Plots of δ18O of bioapatite vs. various environmental parameters. Almost all compositions for vertebrates are from modern bone PO4. (c and d) are plots of the δ18O of the PO4 component of bioapatite vs. local water for selected animals. Dashed line is regression of global data set of vertebrates, omitting turtles, deer, rabbits, and macropodids. (c) Moderately drought-tolerant animals show a strong positive correlation between δ18O of bioapatite and local water. The thin solid line represents experimental results from laboratory mice; deviation from natural data may reflect how human-controlled settings cause isotopic deviations compared to natural settings. Data from Delgado Huertas et al. (1995) and D’Angela and Longinelli (1990). (d) Drought-tolerant animals show a poor correlation between δ18O of bioapatite and local water. Data from Luz et al. (1990), Ayliffe and Chivas (1990), D’Angela and Longinelli (1990), and Delgado Huertas et al. (1995). (e) The δ18O of the PO4 component of bone for deer and macropodids re-plotted vs. humidity (h) after factoring out local water composition. The strong, negative correlation between δ18O and h reflects influence of leaf water and leaf tissue composition on herbivore δ18O, as well as evaporative enrichment of local water at low h. The large variability in bioapatite composition at low humidity probably reflects uncertainties in assumed values of local water δ18O. Data from Luz et al. (1990) and Ayliffe and Chivas (1990). Lines show model predictions of humidity-dependencies (Kohn 1996). (f) δ18O vs. δ13C for the CO3 component of bone and enamel for different sympatric species from East Africa. Boxes (multiple analyses) and circled star (single analysis) are for animals from Amboseli National Park (Koch et al. 1991, Bocherens et al. 1996), and illustrate a weak trend towards decreasing δ18O of bioapatite CO3 with decreasing δ13C, assuming that anomalously low δ18O for hippos reflects aquatic adaptation or feeding ecology (Bocherens et al. 1996). More extensive data from tooth enamel for the Athi plains (individual points; T. Cerling, unpublished data) show greater scatter, and a tendency for some animals, such as gazelle, to plot far from the Amboseli line.]()
![Plots of δ18O of bioapatite vs. various environmental parameters. Almost all compositions for vertebrates are from modern bone PO4. (a) Dependence of the δ18O of the PO4 component on temperature for invertebrates and fish. Isotopic offset between phosphate shells and other invertebrate bioapatite could be a species-specific difference, or could be an analytical artifact, as Lécuyer et al. (1996a) used the Ag3PO4 method, whereas Longinelli and Nuti (1973) and Kolodny et al. (1983) used the BiPO4 method. Solid line is regression for phosphatic shells; dashed line is regression for carbonate shells and fish bone. Data from Longinelli and Nuti (1973a), Kolodny et al. (1983), and Lécuyer et al. (1996). (b-d) Plot of the δ18O of the PO4 component of bioapatite vs. local water for selected animals. Dashed line is regression of global data set of vertebrates, omitting turtles, deer, rabbits, and macropodids. (b) Obligate drinkers and turtles with greatest water dependence show a strong positive correlation between δ18O of bioapatite and local water. The similar slope for turtles (dotted line) compared to mammals (dashed line) probably reflects behavioral thermoregulation and/or shell precipitation over a restricted temperature range. Data from Luz and Kolodny (1985), D’Angela and Longinelli (1990), Koch et al. (1991), Ayliffe et al. (1992), Bryant et al. (1994), Sanchez-Chillon et al. (1994), Delgado Huertas et al. (1995), Bocherens et al. (1996), Iacumin et al. (1996a), Barrick et al. (1999). Plots of δ18O of bioapatite vs. various environmental parameters. Almost all compositions for vertebrates are from modern bone PO4. (c and d) are plots of the δ18O of the PO4 component of bioapatite vs. local water for selected animals. Dashed line is regression of global data set of vertebrates, omitting turtles, deer, rabbits, and macropodids. (c) Moderately drought-tolerant animals show a strong positive correlation between δ18O of bioapatite and local water. The thin solid line represents experimental results from laboratory mice; deviation from natural data may reflect how human-controlled settings cause isotopic deviations compared to natural settings. Data from Delgado Huertas et al. (1995) and D’Angela and Longinelli (1990). (d) Drought-tolerant animals show a poor correlation between δ18O of bioapatite and local water. Data from Luz et al. (1990), Ayliffe and Chivas (1990), D’Angela and Longinelli (1990), and Delgado Huertas et al. (1995). (e) The δ18O of the PO4 component of bone for deer and macropodids re-plotted vs. humidity (h) after factoring out local water composition. The strong, negative correlation between δ18O and h reflects influence of leaf water and leaf tissue composition on herbivore δ18O, as well as evaporative enrichment of local water at low h. The large variability in bioapatite composition at low humidity probably reflects uncertainties in assumed values of local water δ18O. Data from Luz et al. (1990) and Ayliffe and Chivas (1990). Lines show model predictions of humidity-dependencies (Kohn 1996). (f) δ18O vs. δ13C for the CO3 component of bone and enamel for different sympatric species from East Africa. Boxes (multiple analyses) and circled star (single analysis) are for animals from Amboseli National Park (Koch et al. 1991, Bocherens et al. 1996), and illustrate a weak trend towards decreasing δ18O of bioapatite CO3 with decreasing δ13C, assuming that anomalously low δ18O for hippos reflects aquatic adaptation or feeding ecology (Bocherens et al. 1996). More extensive data from tooth enamel for the Athi plains (individual points; T. Cerling, unpublished data) show greater scatter, and a tendency for some animals, such as gazelle, to plot far from the Amboseli line.]()
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Amboseli National Park
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![A, Map of Kenya showing the location of Amboseli National Park (black polygon) and surrounding basin (solid line). B, Schematic diagram showing the relationships of the different samples of the Amboseli non-volant mammal community used in this study. Data from surveys of the living community (AMBLive) and surveys of the death assemblage (AMBDead) are known from a similar temporal window (i.e., the first bone surveys [1975] documented some skeletal materials from individuals contemporaneous to the first living surveys [∼1960s]). Thus, the composite total of all unique species (AMBTotal) represents a decadally averaged estimate of all species in the Amboseli ecosystem over the past ∼50 years (Supplementary Appendix A). Dashed line is a reminder that the Amboseli mammal community likely includes additional unsampled species.](https://gsw.silverchair-cdn.com/gsw/Content_public/Journal/paleobiol/40/4/10.1666_13062/3/s_i0094-8373-40-4-560-f01.jpeg?Expires=2147483647&Signature=E4iXZzzjl92qZbF5XZL5iN4ZUUuTqxnUrvGcgUhng4uH-7O~OfsUUyFeF5WSZuaITQ-l0G1e7EY29iIdoTXezmABSdQ7zICXJtaKSl8guHtK0q-3eqS0ubbBsob0hIU0SIqsU-nlFHBnGiESaCRvL4lwstv235la2EQ6nTrRqd5roeNgBdtLVORiVgPnQJYzO01SUXtllNiHpc4QM2eJyqqlVMHXXdsbxDNukanOVdGjKf8rtQyAfHaBPeGxPAcQS8tyNb~AB~GNnDSh-njl9qySXDsDaCSTGo7s00~pJxUI7rj~zcbi8FeYj2Cys4z5PfP~XUpjTnDVHOiNj2PA2A__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAIE5G5CRDK6RD3PGA)
A, Map of Kenya showing the location of Amboseli National Park (black polyg... Open Access
in Ecological fidelity of functional traits based on species presence-absence in a modern mammalian bone assemblage (Amboseli, Kenya)
> Paleobiology
Published: 12 July 2014
Figure 1. A, Map of Kenya showing the location of Amboseli National Park (black polygon) and surrounding basin (solid line). B, Schematic diagram showing the relationships of the different samples of the Amboseli non-volant mammal community used in this study. Data from surveys of the living
Image
Log-transformed body-size (kg) frequency distributions of non-volant mammal... Open Access
in Ecological fidelity of functional traits based on species presence-absence in a modern mammalian bone assemblage (Amboseli, Kenya)
> Paleobiology
Published: 12 July 2014
Figure 2. Log-transformed body-size (kg) frequency distributions of non-volant mammal species found in Amboseli National Park. AMB Total combines all unique species recovered from sampling the live (AMB Live ) and dead (AMB Dead ) and represents the best estimate for richness and body-size
Journal Article
Ecological fidelity of functional traits based on species presence-absence in a modern mammalian bone assemblage (Amboseli, Kenya) Open Access
Journal: Paleobiology
Publisher: Paleontological Society
Published: 12 July 2014
Paleobiology (2014) 40 (4): 560–583.
...Figure 1. A, Map of Kenya showing the location of Amboseli National Park (black polygon) and surrounding basin (solid line). B, Schematic diagram showing the relationships of the different samples of the Amboseli non-volant mammal community used in this study. Data from surveys of the living...
FIGURES
Journal Article
Taphonomy and ecology of modern avifaunal remains from Amboseli Park, Kenya Available to Purchase
Journal: Paleobiology
Publisher: Paleontological Society
Published: 01 January 2003
Paleobiology (2003) 29 (1): 52–70.
... avian bones that were collected during a broader research project to document weathering, destruction and burial of bones from recent vertebrates in Amboseli National Park, Kenya (see Behrensmeyer 1978 , 1991 , 1993 ; Behrensmeyer et al. 1979 ; Behrensmeyer and Dechant Boaz 1980 ; Behrensmeyer...
FIGURES
Journal Article
Direct U-Pb dating of Cretaceous and Paleocene dinosaur bones, San Juan Basin, New Mexico: REPLY Open Access
Journal: Geology
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 01 April 2012
Geology (2012) 40 (4): e263–e264.
.../j.chemgeo.2005.09.003 . Trueman C.N. Behrensmeyer A.K. Tuross N. Weiner S. , 2004 , Mineralogical and compositional changes in bones exposed on soil surfaces in Amboseli National Park, Kenya: Diagenetic mechanisms and the role of sediment pore fluids : Journal of Archaeological...
Journal Article
Presentation of the 2018 Paleontological Society Medal to Anna K. Behrensmeyer Available to Purchase
Journal: Journal of Paleontology
Publisher: Paleontological Society
Published: 01 September 2019
Journal of Paleontology (2019) 93 (5): 1036–1037.
..., in the early 1970s, she began surveys of surface bone assemblages in Amboseli National Park, Kenya, to see how they represented the living mammal community. Forty-three years and more than 30 papers later, hers is the longest longitudinal taphonomic study ever conducted, and documents, in part, how...
Image
Plots of δ 18 O of bioapatite vs. various environmental parameters. Almost ... Available to Purchase
Published: 01 January 2002
analysis) are for animals from Amboseli National Park ( Koch et al. 1991 , Bocherens et al. 1996 ), and illustrate a weak trend towards decreasing δ 18 O of bioapatite CO 3 with decreasing δ 13 C, assuming that anomalously low δ 18 O for hippos reflects aquatic adaptation or feeding ecology ( Bocherens
Image
Plots of δ 18 O of bioapatite vs. various environmental parameters. Almost ... Available to Purchase
Published: 01 January 2002
analysis) are for animals from Amboseli National Park ( Koch et al. 1991 , Bocherens et al. 1996 ), and illustrate a weak trend towards decreasing δ 18 O of bioapatite CO 3 with decreasing δ 13 C, assuming that anomalously low δ 18 O for hippos reflects aquatic adaptation or feeding ecology ( Bocherens
Image
Plots of δ 18 O of bioapatite vs. various environmental parameters. Almost ... Available to Purchase
Published: 01 January 2002
analysis) are for animals from Amboseli National Park ( Koch et al. 1991 , Bocherens et al. 1996 ), and illustrate a weak trend towards decreasing δ 18 O of bioapatite CO 3 with decreasing δ 13 C, assuming that anomalously low δ 18 O for hippos reflects aquatic adaptation or feeding ecology ( Bocherens
Journal Article
BONE LOSS FROM CARCASSES IN MEDITERRANEAN ECOSYSTEMS Available to Purchase
Journal: PALAIOS
Publisher: SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology
Published: 01 May 2017
PALAIOS (2017) 32 (5): 288–294.
... 2009 ; Sutcliffe 1970 ; White and Diedrich 2012 ; Yravedra Sainz de los Terreros et al. 2012 ). Behrensmeyer and Boaz (1980) described the effects of scavenging on an assemblage of ungulates in Amboseli National Park (Kenya), and they found selective consumption of carcasses, especially by hyenas...
FIGURES
Journal Article
Erratum Available to Purchase
Journal: Paleobiology
Publisher: Paleontological Society
Published: 01 January 2003
Paleobiology (2003) 29 (2): 162.
... The Paleontological Society 2003 Correction to Figure 6 caption from: Behrensmeyer, A. K., C. T. Stayton, and R. E. Chapman. 2002. Taphonomy and Ecology of Modern Avifaunal Remains from Amboseli Park, Kenya. Paleobiology 29(1):52–70 . Published version: FIGURE 6...
Journal Article
TAPHONOMIC VARIATION DESPITE CATASTROPHIC MORTALITY: ANALYSIS OF A MASS STRANDING OF FALSE KILLER WHALES ( PSEUDORCA CRASSIDENS ), GULF OF CALIFORNIA, MEXICO Available to Purchase
Journal: PALAIOS
Publisher: SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology
Published: 01 July 2007
PALAIOS (2007) 22 (4): 384–391.
... . Behrensmeyer , A.K. , and Dechant Boaz , D.E. , 1980 , The recent bones of Amboseli National Park, Kenya, in relation to East African paleoecology , in Behrensmeyer , A.K. , and Hill , A.P. , eds., Fossils in the Making : Vertebrate Taphonomy and Paleoecology : University of Chicago...
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Journal Article
Taphonomic decoding of the paleobiological information locked in a lower Pleistocene assemblage of large mammals Available to Purchase
Journal: Paleobiology
Publisher: Paleontological Society
Published: 01 January 2001
Paleobiology (2001) 27 (3): 512–530.
... ( Kruuk 1972 ; Ewer 1973 ; Mills 1989 ). Nonetheless, there are some reported cases of spotted hyenas accumulating huge amounts of skeletal remains (e.g., see Hill 1981 for a dense accumulation of bones within a breeding den in Amboseli National Park, Kenya), and this was certainly the case...
FIGURES
Journal Article
FORMATION OF SEPIOLITE-PALYGORSKITE AND RELATED MINERALS FROM SOLUTION Available to Purchase
Journal: Clays and Clay Minerals
Publisher: Clay Minerals Society
Published: 01 December 2002
Clays and Clay Minerals (2002) 50 (6): 736–745.
... minerals, and to ascertain whether water is in equilibrium with any of those phases or not. Groundwater data from Amboseli, Kenya were used for this purpose ( Stoessell and Hay, 1978 ). Only ground and spring waters with exactly the same sample number as those of Stoessell and Hay (1978) were used (Table...
FIGURES
Journal Article
Oxygen isotope evidence for semi-aquatic habits among spinosaurid theropods Available to Purchase
Journal: Geology
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 01 February 2010
Geology (2010) 38 (2): 139–142.
... isotope compositions of vertebrate phosphates, oxygen isotope analysis of phosphate procedure, statistical analyses, and estimation of Amboseli National Park water δ 18 O value, is available online at www.geosociety.org/pubs/ft2010.htm , or on request from [email protected] or Documents Secretary...
FIGURES
Journal Article
Spatial variations in biosphere 87 Sr/ 86 Sr in Britain Available to Purchase
Journal: Journal of the Geological Society
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Published: 01 January 2010
Journal of the Geological Society (2010) 167 (1): 1–4.
.../ 86 Sr analysis of archaeological human skeletal tissue Applied Geochemistry 2003 18 653 658 Trueman C.N.G. Behrensmeyer A.K. Tuross N. Weiner S. Mineralogical and compositional changes in bones exposed on soil surfaces in Amboseli National Park, Kenya: diagenetic...
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Journal Article
The effect of weathering on bird bone survivorship in modern and fossil saline-alkaline lake environments Available to Purchase
Journal: Paleobiology
Publisher: Paleontological Society
Published: 01 November 2011
Paleobiology (2011) 37 (4): 633–654.
... thermal heating of bone leads to salt crystal expansion, which can cause the bone to crack ( Fig. 4A ) and eventually fragment ( Fig. 4B ). This has been observed on large mammal bones in saline-alkaline lake settings at Amboseli National Park in Kenya ( Behrensmeyer 1978 ) and Lake Eyasi, Tanzania...
FIGURES
Journal Article
Quantitatively evaluating the sources of taphonomic biasing of skeletal element abundances in fossil assemblages Available to Purchase
Journal: PALAIOS
Publisher: SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology
Published: 01 September 2009
PALAIOS (2009) 24 (9): 591–602.
.... Taphonomy: Releasing the Data Locked in the Fossil Record : Plenum Press , New York , p. 291 – 335 . Behrensmeyer , A. K. , and Boaz , D. E. D. , 1980 , The Recent bones of Amboseli National Park, Kenya, in relation to East African paleoecology : in Behrensmeyer , A.K. , and Hill...
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Journal Article
Revised age of the late Neogene terror bird ( Titanis ) in North America during the Great American Interchange Available to Purchase
Journal: Geology
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 01 February 2007
Geology (2007) 35 (2): 123–126.
... in bones exposed on soil surfaces in Amboseli National Park, Kenya: Diagenetic mechanisms and the role of sediment pore fluids : Journal of Archaeological Science , v. 31 pp. 721 - 739 doi:10.1016/j.jas.2003.11.003. Webb , S.D. , 1985 , Late Cenozoic mammal dispersal between the Americas...
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Journal Article
Visualizing fossilization using laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry maps of trace elements in Late Cretaceous bones Available to Purchase
Journal: Geology
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 01 June 2009
Geology (2009) 37 (6): 511–514.
....
Tuross
N.
Weiner
S.
2004 ,
Mineralogical and compositional changes in bones exposed on soil surfaces in Amboseli National Park, Kenya: Diagenetic mechanisms and the role of sediment pore fluids:
Journal of Archaeological...
FIGURES
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