Abstract Large gold provinces commonly show complicated mineralization histories, and the Paleoproterozoic Alta Floresta, one of Brazil's most exciting Au–Cu mineral provinces, is a good example. The current models defined four deposit types, all connected to a single (1.88–1.75 Ga) magmatic–hydrothermal event. However, long Province history, diverse geodynamic environment and older ages of Type-1mineralization weaken the single metallogenic event and enable the hypothesis of overprinted mineral events. By scale-integrated analyses, we revise the tectonic–geological context, structural–hydrothermal alterations and chlorite–white mica geothermobarometry and propose the Type-1 as an older, granitoid-hosted orogenic mineralization, with subsequent overprinting by the magmatic–hydrothermal event. The older orogenic gold event developed orogenic gold deposits on WNW-trending shear zones in the Peixoto de Azevedo domain granitic–gneiss rocks. Phengite, biotite and chlorite–carbonate phyllonites (3.3–6.1 kbar, 300–420°C) host fault-fill quartz veins (pyrite–chalcopyrite–magnetite–pyrrhotite–gold–Bi–Ag tellurides). Mg-rich chlorite–phengite is the main alteration footprint for this mineralization type. A younger magmatic–hydrothermal event in the Juruena magmatic-arc rocks produced Fe-rich chlorite–white mica alteration zones (0.6–4.6 kbar, 120–380°C) and disseminated and stockwork–breccia ore (pyrite–chalcopyrite–gold–molybdenite–Ti minerals–allanite) in porphyry–epithermal deposits. Where the younger mineralization overprints the older, phyllic alteration destroyed the phengite orogenic gold phyllonite S n +1 foliation. The ages of two pyrite populations (1979 and 1841 Ma) in the older fault-fill veins and molybdenite in late fractures (1805–1782 Ma) or disseminated in the c. 1.79 Ga syenogranite porphyry suggest more than two episodes of mineralization. These two events differ in their alteration styles, P–T conditions and structural, mineralogical and textural ore styles. The multiscale approach sheds light on the relationships between the various mineralization events, allowing a new explorational potential within the province. Supplementary material: Chlorite and white mica complete chemical composition data and other characteristics of the studied deposits are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6056324

Abstract This paper overviews the Proterozoic large igneous provinces (LIPs) of the Amazonian Craton, characterized by large volumes of extrusive and intrusive magmatic rocks. We reassess the geologic, geochronological and geochemical information to stablish three intracontinental felsic volcanic–plutonic igneous belts (i.e. SLIPs), namely: Orocaima (1.98–1.96 Ga), Uatumã (1.88–1.87 Ga) and Alta Floresta (1.80–1.79 Ga). The Avanavero LIP (1.79–1.78 Ga), as well as the Rincón del Tigre-Huanchaca LIP (1.11 Ga) are also revisited. The relationships of these events to intraplate settings through time and space are apparent. We examine the main characteristics of each magmatic event in light of the U–Pb zircon and baddeleyite ages and coupled isotopic–geochemical constraints, the geodynamic significance and metallogenetic potential. The Uatumã and Alta Floresta SLIPs host the most important mineral resources within the Amazonian Craton. Global barcode matches of the Proterozoic SLIP/LIP events of Amazonia are also addressed, as well as their possible links with geological timescale periods: the Orosirian, Statherian and Stenian boundaries. We also evaluate the available palaeomagnetic data to address issues related to the barcode match of such SLIP/LIP events in the context of supercontinent cycles.

Abstract Identification of large-volume, short-duration mafic magmatic events of intraplate affinity in both continental and oceanic settings on the Earth and other planets provides invaluable clues for understanding several vital geological issues of current concern. Of particular importance is understanding the assembly and dispersal of supercontinents through Earth's history, dramatic climate change events including mass extinctions, and processes that have produced a wide range of large igneous province (LIP)-related resources such as Ni–Cu–PGE, Au, U, base metals and petroleum. This current volume presents some of the latest developments and new information on the temporal and spatial distribution of LIPs in both the Precambrian and Phanerozoic, their origin, the plumbing system of mafic dyke swarms, sill provinces and layered intrusions, and links to mantle plume/superplume events, supercontinent reconstructions and associated metallogeny.

Within the Amazonian Craton, Archean crust is restricted to the Carajás granite-greenstone terrain. The younger Maroni-Itacaiunas province, including supra-crustal sequences and associated calc-alkaline granitoids, is linked with the Birimian system in West Africa, making up a large Paleoproterozoic cratonic nucleus. Beginning at ca. 2.0 Ga, accretionary belts formed along the southwestern margin of this nucleus, giving rise to the Ventuari-Tapajós (2000–1800 Ma), Rio Negro–Juruena (1780–1550 Ma), and Rondonian–San Ignacio (1500–1300 Ma) tectonic provinces. Continued soft-collision/accretion processes driven by subduction produced a very large “basement” in which granitoid rocks predominate, many of them with juvenile-like Nd isotopic signatures. Felsic volcanics are also widespread; however, there is no evidence of Archean basement inliers, and regions with high-grade metamorphics are restricted. The Sunsas-Aguapeí (1250–1000 Ma) orogenic belt, at the southwestern end of the craton, was originated in an extensional environment, later deformed during the Grenvillian collision between Amazonia and Laurentia. Over the cratonic area, a widespread anorogenic granitic magmatism (1000–970 Ma) is a reflection of this orogeny over the stable foreland. After the termination of the Sunsas orogeny, continental fragmentation affected the eastern margin of the Amazonian Craton. The intra-oceanic Goiás magmatic arc, closely associated with the Transbrasiliano megasuture, is the evidence of a large oceanic domain that started its consumption between 900 and 800 Ma, giving rise to juvenile material represented by calc-alkaline orthogneisses. Later, these units were deformed during the Brasiliano orogeny (700–500 Ma), in the process of amalgamation of Gondwana.