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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Africa
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Afar (1)
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Cape Verde Islands (1)
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Central Africa
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Angola (1)
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Congo Craton (3)
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Malawi (1)
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East African Rift (4)
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Indian Peninsula
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India
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Gujarat India
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New York
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Utah
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Piute County Utah
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Salt Lake County Utah
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Washington
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Western U.S. (2)
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commodities
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aggregate (2)
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construction materials
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diamond deposits (17)
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fluorspar deposits (1)
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gems (17)
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geothermal energy (6)
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glass materials (81)
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heavy mineral deposits (2)
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metal ores
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antimony ores (2)
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arsenic ores (2)
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base metals (6)
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beryllium ores (7)
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chromite ores (3)
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cobalt ores (3)
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copper ores (58)
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IOCG deposits (2)
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iron ores (14)
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lead ores (10)
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lead-zinc deposits (4)
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lithium ores (12)
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manganese ores (1)
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mercury ores (1)
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molybdenum ores (21)
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nickel ores (9)
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niobium ores (11)
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platinum ores (4)
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polymetallic ores (10)
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rare earth deposits (10)
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silver ores (12)
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tellurium ores (1)
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tin ores (18)
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vanadium ores (2)
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zinc ores (16)
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zirconium ores (1)
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mineral deposits, genesis (151)
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mineral exploration (44)
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nonmetal deposits (4)
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oil and gas fields (3)
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petroleum
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natural gas (4)
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phosphate deposits (2)
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placers (4)
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refractory materials (9)
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ruby (2)
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sodium carbonate (2)
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strategic minerals (1)
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talc deposits (1)
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vermiculite deposits (2)
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elements, isotopes
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boron
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B-11/B-10 (12)
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carbon
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C-13 (1)
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C-13/C-12 (30)
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C-14 (3)
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organic carbon (3)
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chemical elements (13)
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chemical ratios (25)
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halogens
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bromine (4)
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chlorine
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chloride ion (5)
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Cl-36 (1)
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Cl-37/Cl-35 (1)
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fluorine
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fluoride ion (1)
-
-
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hydrogen
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D/H (18)
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deuterium (12)
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incompatible elements (4)
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isotope ratios (166)
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isotopes
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radioactive isotopes
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Al-26 (1)
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Al-27/Al-26 (2)
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Ar-40/Ar-39 (2)
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C-14 (3)
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Cl-36 (1)
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Na-24 (1)
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (5)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (5)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (2)
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Pu-244 (1)
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Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
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Re-187/Os-188 (2)
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Rn-220 (1)
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Rn-222 (1)
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (7)
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U-238/Pb-204 (1)
-
U-238/Pb-206 (2)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
Al-27 (18)
-
Al-27/Al-26 (2)
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (2)
-
B-11/B-10 (12)
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C-13 (1)
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C-13/C-12 (30)
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Ca-44/Ca-40 (1)
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Cl-37/Cl-35 (1)
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D/H (18)
-
deuterium (12)
-
Fe-57 (1)
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He-4 (1)
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (18)
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Li-7/Li-6 (2)
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Mg-26/Mg-24 (1)
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N-15/N-14 (5)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (39)
-
O-16 (1)
-
O-17 (8)
-
O-18 (2)
-
O-18/O-16 (70)
-
Os-188/Os-187 (4)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (5)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (5)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (2)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (2)
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
Re-187/Os-188 (2)
-
S-34/S-32 (30)
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Si-29 (17)
-
Si-29/Si-28 (1)
-
Si-30/Si-28 (1)
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (7)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (51)
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U-238/Pb-206 (2)
-
-
-
large-ion lithophile elements (5)
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Lu/Hf (16)
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metals
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actinides
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plutonium
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Pu-244 (1)
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thorium (7)
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uranium
-
U-238/Pb-204 (1)
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U-238/Pb-206 (2)
-
-
-
alkali metals
-
cesium (10)
-
lithium
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Li-7/Li-6 (2)
-
-
potassium (25)
-
rubidium
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
-
sodium
-
Na-24 (1)
-
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
barium (11)
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beryllium (26)
-
calcium
-
Ca-44/Ca-40 (1)
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Mg/Ca (1)
-
-
magnesium
-
Mg/Ca (1)
-
Mg-26/Mg-24 (1)
-
-
strontium
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (51)
-
-
-
aluminum
-
Al-26 (1)
-
Al-27 (18)
-
Al-27/Al-26 (2)
-
-
antimony (5)
-
arsenic (6)
-
bismuth (1)
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cadmium (1)
-
chromium (34)
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cobalt (5)
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copper (6)
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gallium (4)
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germanium (1)
-
gold (5)
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (18)
-
-
indium (1)
-
iron
-
Fe-57 (1)
-
ferric iron (61)
-
ferrous iron (32)
-
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (5)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (5)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (2)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (2)
-
U-238/Pb-204 (1)
-
U-238/Pb-206 (2)
-
-
manganese (17)
-
mercury (2)
-
molybdenum (5)
-
nickel (13)
-
niobium (17)
-
platinum group
-
iridium (3)
-
osmium
-
Os-188/Os-187 (4)
-
Re-187/Os-188 (2)
-
-
palladium (4)
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platinum (1)
-
platinum ores (4)
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rhodium (1)
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ruthenium (3)
-
-
precious metals (5)
-
rare earths
-
cerium (6)
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europium (6)
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lanthanum (1)
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lutetium (1)
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (39)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (7)
-
-
samarium
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (7)
-
-
ytterbium (1)
-
yttrium (8)
-
-
rhenium
-
Re-187/Os-188 (2)
-
-
silver (4)
-
tantalum (12)
-
thallium (1)
-
tin (8)
-
titanium (34)
-
tungsten (4)
-
vanadium (12)
-
zinc (9)
-
zirconium (19)
-
-
nitrogen
-
N-15/N-14 (5)
-
-
noble gases
-
argon
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (2)
-
-
helium
-
He-4 (1)
-
-
krypton (1)
-
neon (1)
-
radon
-
Rn-220 (1)
-
Rn-222 (1)
-
-
xenon (2)
-
-
oxygen
-
O-16 (1)
-
O-17 (8)
-
O-18 (2)
-
O-18/O-16 (70)
-
-
phosphorus (14)
-
silicon
-
Si-29 (17)
-
Si-29/Si-28 (1)
-
Si-30/Si-28 (1)
-
-
sulfur
-
S-34/S-32 (30)
-
-
tellurium (1)
-
trace metals (3)
-
-
fossils
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Archaea (1)
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bacteria (2)
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Chordata
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Vertebrata
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Tetrapoda
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Reptilia
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Diapsida
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Archosauria
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dinosaurs (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Invertebrata
-
Mollusca
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Cephalopoda
-
Ammonoidea (1)
-
-
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera
-
Rotaliina
-
Rotaliacea
-
Nummulitidae
-
Nummulites (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Radiolaria (1)
-
-
-
microfossils (4)
-
-
geochronology methods
-
(U-Th)/He (2)
-
Ar/Ar (66)
-
fission-track dating (9)
-
hydration of glass (1)
-
K/Ar (16)
-
Lu/Hf (16)
-
optical mineralogy (1)
-
paleomagnetism (7)
-
Pb/Pb (12)
-
Pb/Th (3)
-
radiation damage (1)
-
Rb/Sr (21)
-
Re/Os (6)
-
Sm/Nd (24)
-
tephrochronology (1)
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Th/U (3)
-
thermochronology (11)
-
U/Pb (167)
-
U/Th/Pb (33)
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uranium disequilibrium (1)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
Iron Age (1)
-
lower Cenozoic (1)
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
Middle Ages (1)
-
upper Holocene
-
Roman period (2)
-
-
-
Pleistocene
-
Bishop Tuff (1)
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Weichselian
-
upper Weichselian
-
Younger Dryas (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
Barreiras Formation (1)
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lower Tertiary (3)
-
middle Tertiary (1)
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
Columbia River Basalt Group (2)
-
lower Miocene
-
Aquitanian (3)
-
Burdigalian (1)
-
-
middle Miocene
-
Serravallian (1)
-
-
upper Miocene
-
Messinian (1)
-
Tortonian (1)
-
-
-
Pliocene
-
lower Pliocene (1)
-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
lower Eocene (1)
-
middle Eocene (1)
-
upper Eocene
-
Priabonian (2)
-
-
-
lower Paleogene (1)
-
Oligocene
-
Frio Formation (1)
-
lower Oligocene
-
Rupelian (1)
-
-
upper Oligocene (5)
-
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
-
K-T boundary (2)
-
-
Maria Farinha Formation (1)
-
-
Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (1)
-
-
-
upper Cenozoic (2)
-
-
Dalradian (9)
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian (1)
-
-
Middle Cretaceous (2)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Campanian (1)
-
Hell Creek Formation (1)
-
K-T boundary (2)
-
-
-
Franciscan Complex (7)
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Jurassic
-
Lower Jurassic
-
Laberge Group (1)
-
middle Liassic (1)
-
Pliensbachian (1)
-
-
Middle Jurassic
-
Bajocian (1)
-
Callovian (1)
-
-
Smartville Complex (1)
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Upper Jurassic
-
Galice Formation (1)
-
Oxfordian (1)
-
-
-
lower Mesozoic (1)
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic
-
Bunter (1)
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (1)
-
-
Upper Triassic
-
Carnian (1)
-
Chinle Formation (1)
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Karmutsen Group (1)
-
-
-
upper Mesozoic (2)
-
Yanshanian (2)
-
-
Moldanubian (9)
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Paleozoic
-
Acatlan Complex (1)
-
Cambrian
-
Acadian (3)
-
Lower Cambrian
-
Pinney Hollow Formation (1)
-
-
Middle Cambrian
-
Barrandian (1)
-
-
Mount Read Volcanics (3)
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Upper Cambrian (5)
-
-
Cape Elizabeth Formation (1)
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Carboniferous
-
Lower Carboniferous
-
Dinantian (2)
-
-
Mississippian (6)
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Middle Pennsylvanian
-
Allegheny Group (1)
-
-
Pottsville Group (1)
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Upper Pennsylvanian (1)
-
-
Upper Carboniferous
-
Stephanian (1)
-
Uralian (1)
-
-
-
Casco Bay Group (1)
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Devonian
-
Gile Mountain Formation (1)
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Lower Devonian (4)
-
Upper Devonian (5)
-
-
Gemericum (3)
-
Leinster Granite (1)
-
lower Paleozoic
-
Wilmington Complex (1)
-
-
middle Paleozoic (2)
-
Ordovician
-
Buchans Group (1)
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Lower Ordovician
-
Arenigian
-
Ballantrae Complex (3)
-
-
Beekmantown Group (1)
-
-
Meguma Group (1)
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Middle Ordovician
-
Darriwilian (1)
-
-
Skiddaw Slates (1)
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Upper Ordovician
-
Caradocian (1)
-
-
-
Permian
-
Rotliegendes (1)
-
Saxonian (1)
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Upper Permian
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (1)
-
-
-
Rangeley Formation (2)
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Silurian
-
Lower Silurian (1)
-
Upper Silurian (2)
-
Waterville Formation (1)
-
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Dwyka Formation (1)
-
-
Waits River Formation (1)
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Wissahickon Formation (1)
-
-
Phanerozoic (8)
-
Precambrian
-
Adirondack Anorthosite (1)
-
Archean
-
Eoarchean (2)
-
Fig Tree Group (1)
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Mesoarchean (1)
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Napier Complex (1)
-
Neoarchean
-
Jiaodong Group (1)
-
-
Paleoarchean (7)
-
Yellowknife Group (1)
-
-
Cuddapah System (1)
-
Hadean (3)
-
Hamersley Group (1)
-
Kisseynew Complex (1)
-
Lewisian Complex (3)
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North Shore Volcanics (1)
-
Onverwacht Group (1)
-
Prince Albert Group (1)
-
Sakoli Group (1)
-
Sokoman Formation (1)
-
Stillwater Complex (2)
-
Transvaal Supergroup (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Mahakoshal Group (1)
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Proterozoic
-
Algonkian
-
Baraboo Quartzite (1)
-
-
Bambui Group (1)
-
Damara System (4)
-
Great Oxidation Event (1)
-
Isan Orogeny (1)
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Lewisian (4)
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Mesoproterozoic
-
Gawler Range Volcanics (1)
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Laxfordian (1)
-
-
Negaunee Iron Formation (1)
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Brioverian (1)
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Cryogenian (2)
-
Ediacaran (2)
-
Horsethief Creek Group (1)
-
Moine Supergroup (1)
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Moinian (2)
-
Riphean (4)
-
Tonian (2)
-
Torridonian (2)
-
Vendian (2)
-
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Aphebian
-
Hurwitz Group (1)
-
-
Birimian (1)
-
Orosirian (2)
-
Qinling Group (2)
-
Willyama Supergroup (1)
-
Wollaston Group (1)
-
-
Pretoria Group (1)
-
-
-
Ventersdorp Supergroup (3)
-
Waterberg System (1)
-
-
Rhenohercynian (1)
-
Saxothuringian (2)
-
-
igneous rocks
-
extrusive rocks (2)
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites (71)
-
feldspathoid rocks (7)
-
granophyre (4)
-
kamafugite (2)
-
kimberlite (65)
-
picrite (5)
-
plutonic rocks
-
alnoite (1)
-
anorthosite (12)
-
diabase (3)
-
diorites
-
plagiogranite (3)
-
quartz diorites (2)
-
tonalite
-
enderbite (1)
-
-
trondhjemite (10)
-
-
essexite (1)
-
gabbros
-
alkali gabbros (2)
-
norite (7)
-
olivine gabbro (1)
-
troctolite (6)
-
-
granites
-
aplite (8)
-
A-type granites (14)
-
biotite granite (1)
-
charnockite (8)
-
felsite (1)
-
granite porphyry (1)
-
granosyenite (1)
-
I-type granites (7)
-
leucogranite (33)
-
microgranite (4)
-
monzogranite (10)
-
muscovite granite (1)
-
rapakivi (1)
-
S-type granites (11)
-
two-mica granite (3)
-
-
granodiorites (12)
-
ijolite (7)
-
lamproite (4)
-
lamprophyres
-
minette (2)
-
-
monzodiorite (6)
-
monzonites
-
mangerite (1)
-
-
pegmatite (113)
-
quartz monzonite (2)
-
syenites
-
albitite (4)
-
alkali syenites (5)
-
granosyenite (1)
-
nepheline syenite
-
agpaite (3)
-
-
quartz syenite (2)
-
-
ultramafics
-
chromitite (7)
-
hornblendite (1)
-
peridotites
-
dunite (16)
-
garnet lherzolite (8)
-
garnet peridotite (6)
-
harzburgite (24)
-
lherzolite (22)
-
spinel lherzolite (7)
-
spinel peridotite (4)
-
-
pyroxenite
-
clinopyroxenite (14)
-
garnet pyroxenite (4)
-
orthopyroxenite (2)
-
websterite (7)
-
-
-
urtite (1)
-
-
porphyry (8)
-
volcanic rocks
-
adakites (1)
-
andesites
-
andesite porphyry (1)
-
boninite (4)
-
-
basalts
-
alkali basalts
-
hawaiite (1)
-
mugearite (1)
-
trachybasalts (3)
-
-
flood basalts (4)
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (31)
-
ocean-island basalts (8)
-
oceanite (1)
-
shoshonite (3)
-
tholeiite (4)
-
tholeiitic basalt (6)
-
-
basanite (7)
-
benmoreite (1)
-
dacites (7)
-
glasses
-
obsidian (7)
-
perlite (2)
-
volcanic glass (1)
-
-
keratophyre
-
quartz keratophyre (1)
-
-
komatiite (7)
-
latite (2)
-
meimechite (2)
-
melilitite (5)
-
nephelinite (13)
-
phonolites (12)
-
pyroclastics
-
hyaloclastite (1)
-
ignimbrite (2)
-
pumice (4)
-
rhyolite tuff (1)
-
scoria (4)
-
tuff (12)
-
-
rhyodacites (6)
-
rhyolites
-
pantellerite (2)
-
quartz porphyry (1)
-
-
tephrite (1)
-
trachyandesites (3)
-
trachytes (12)
-
-
-
ophiolite (37)
-
pyrolite (1)
-
volcanic ash (4)
-
wehrlite (6)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (48)
-
cataclasites (1)
-
eclogite (95)
-
garnetite (5)
-
gneisses
-
augen gneiss (1)
-
biotite gneiss (3)
-
granite gneiss (11)
-
orthogneiss (18)
-
paragneiss (18)
-
-
granulites
-
kinzigite (1)
-
leptite (1)
-
-
hornfels (6)
-
impactites
-
impact breccia
-
suevite (1)
-
-
-
jadeitite (11)
-
listwanite (2)
-
marbles (30)
-
metacarbonate rocks (4)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
meta-anorthosite (1)
-
metabasalt (6)
-
metabasite (26)
-
metadacite (1)
-
metagabbro (10)
-
metagranite (8)
-
metaperidotite (3)
-
metapyroxenite (3)
-
metarhyolite (1)
-
serpentinite (21)
-
-
metaplutonic rocks (2)
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
khondalite (5)
-
meta-arkose (1)
-
metachert (1)
-
metaconglomerate (4)
-
metagraywacke (2)
-
metalimestone (1)
-
metapelite (102)
-
metasandstone (3)
-
paragneiss (18)
-
-
metasomatic rocks
-
fenite (2)
-
greisen (9)
-
rodingite (6)
-
serpentinite (21)
-
skarn (35)
-
-
metavolcanic rocks (17)
-
migmatites
-
anatexite (7)
-
-
mylonites
-
blastomylonite (1)
-
pseudotachylite (7)
-
ultramylonite (3)
-
-
phyllites (6)
-
quartzites
-
ferruginous quartzite (1)
-
-
schists
-
biotite schist (1)
-
blueschist (17)
-
chlorite schist (2)
-
greenschist (6)
-
greenstone (4)
-
muscovite schist (5)
-
tourmalinite (2)
-
-
slates (4)
-
-
ophiolite (37)
-
turbidite (3)
-
-
meteorites
-
meteorites
-
Allan Hills Meteorites
-
ALH 84001 (1)
-
-
iron meteorites (1)
-
Northwest Africa Meteorites (3)
-
stony meteorites
-
achondrites
-
lunar meteorites (1)
-
Martian meteorites
-
ALH 84001 (1)
-
SNC Meteorites
-
nakhlite (1)
-
shergottite (4)
-
-
-
-
chondrites
-
carbonaceous chondrites
-
CM chondrites (2)
-
CV chondrites
-
Allende Meteorite (1)
-
-
-
enstatite chondrites (3)
-
ordinary chondrites
-
L chondrites (1)
-
-
-
-
Yamato Meteorites (1)
-
-
-
minerals
-
alloys
-
awaruite (1)
-
carbides
-
moissanite (9)
-
-
hedleyite (1)
-
kamacite (1)
-
nitrides (9)
-
phosphides
-
schreibersite (3)
-
-
silicides (3)
-
taenite (1)
-
-
arsenides
-
arsenopyrite (1)
-
gersdorffite (1)
-
-
bismuthides (1)
-
borates
-
boracite (1)
-
kernite (1)
-
kotoite (1)
-
-
carbonates
-
ankerite (2)
-
aragonite (17)
-
azurite (1)
-
bastnaesite (3)
-
calcite (47)
-
cancrinite (5)
-
dawsonite (2)
-
dolomite (26)
-
hydrotalcite (2)
-
Iceland spar (1)
-
ikaite (1)
-
magnesian calcite (1)
-
magnesite (19)
-
malachite (1)
-
nahcolite (2)
-
parisite (1)
-
rhodochrosite (1)
-
shortite (1)
-
siderite (7)
-
spurrite (3)
-
strontianite (1)
-
synchysite (1)
-
vaterite (1)
-
witherite (1)
-
-
chromates (2)
-
copper minerals (2)
-
halides
-
chlorides
-
boracite (1)
-
eudialyte (1)
-
halite (2)
-
pyromorphite (1)
-
-
fluorides
-
bastnaesite (3)
-
clinohumite (4)
-
cryolite (4)
-
fluorite (6)
-
humite (5)
-
parisite (1)
-
prosopite (1)
-
synchysite (1)
-
topaz (16)
-
triplite (1)
-
zinnwaldite (5)
-
-
zunyite (1)
-
-
hydrates (7)
-
minerals (24)
-
molybdates
-
wulfenite (2)
-
-
native elements
-
diamond
-
microdiamond (6)
-
-
graphite (21)
-
-
organic minerals
-
amber (1)
-
-
oxalates (1)
-
oxides
-
alexandrite (2)
-
aluminum oxides (15)
-
anatase (5)
-
armalcolite (2)
-
baddeleyite (8)
-
bayerite (1)
-
boehmite (3)
-
brannerite (1)
-
brookite (2)
-
brucite (11)
-
cassiterite (16)
-
chrome spinel (5)
-
chromite (15)
-
chrysoberyl (7)
-
corundum (43)
-
diaspore (9)
-
ferrihydrite (2)
-
ferropericlase (7)
-
ferropseudobrookite (1)
-
gahnite (4)
-
geikielite (2)
-
germanates (2)
-
gibbsite (5)
-
goethite (11)
-
hematite (24)
-
hercynite (12)
-
hibonite (12)
-
hoegbomite (3)
-
hollandite (2)
-
hydroxides
-
aluminum hydroxides (14)
-
iron hydroxides (3)
-
oxyhydroxides (3)
-
-
ilmenite (29)
-
iron oxides (24)
-
lepidocrocite (2)
-
limonite (1)
-
maghemite (4)
-
magnesioferrite (3)
-
magnesium oxides (3)
-
magnetite (29)
-
manganese oxides (1)
-
martite (1)
-
nigerite (1)
-
niobates
-
columbite (15)
-
euxenite (1)
-
fergusonite (1)
-
pyrochlore (6)
-
samarskite (1)
-
-
periclase (14)
-
perovskite (25)
-
portlandite (2)
-
pseudobrookite (1)
-
rutile (43)
-
sapphire (4)
-
spinel (75)
-
spinel group (14)
-
tantalates
-
euxenite (1)
-
microlite (4)
-
tantalite (7)
-
wodginite (1)
-
-
thorianite (1)
-
titanium oxides (7)
-
titanomagnetite (5)
-
ulvospinel (3)
-
uraninite (4)
-
wustite (4)
-
zirconolite (3)
-
-
phosphates
-
amblygonite (3)
-
apatite (48)
-
britholite (1)
-
chlorapatite (1)
-
fluorapatite (13)
-
goyazite (2)
-
graftonite (1)
-
hydroxylapatite (1)
-
lazulite (3)
-
lithiophilite (1)
-
merrillite (2)
-
monazite (86)
-
montebrasite (3)
-
pyromorphite (1)
-
triphylite (2)
-
triplite (1)
-
variscite (2)
-
whitlockite (1)
-
xenotime (12)
-
-
platinum minerals (2)
-
silicates
-
aluminosilicates
-
maskelynite (2)
-
-
asbestos (2)
-
borosilicates (15)
-
chain silicates
-
aenigmatite group
-
aenigmatite (3)
-
rhonite (3)
-
sapphirine (28)
-
-
amphibole group
-
alkalic amphibole (1)
-
clinoamphibole
-
actinolite (5)
-
arfvedsonite (2)
-
cummingtonite (4)
-
edenite (1)
-
glaucophane (12)
-
grunerite (3)
-
hastingsite (3)
-
hornblende (19)
-
kaersutite (3)
-
pargasite (16)
-
richterite (3)
-
riebeckite (3)
-
tremolite (24)
-
tschermakite (9)
-
-
orthoamphibole
-
anthophyllite (3)
-
gedrite (3)
-
holmquistite (3)
-
-
-
astrophyllite (1)
-
bavenite (2)
-
carpholite (7)
-
ferrocarpholite (1)
-
jade (3)
-
prehnite (4)
-
pyroxene group
-
clinopyroxene
-
aegirine (11)
-
augite (8)
-
chrome diopside (4)
-
clinoenstatite (2)
-
diopside (54)
-
fassaite (2)
-
hedenbergite (5)
-
jadeite (32)
-
johannsenite (2)
-
omphacite (28)
-
pigeonite (4)
-
spodumene (17)
-
-
orthopyroxene
-
enstatite (35)
-
ferrosilite (1)
-
protoenstatite (1)
-
-
-
tobermorite (2)
-
wollastonite group
-
pectolite (1)
-
wollastonite (25)
-
-
xonotlite (1)
-
-
feldspathoids (2)
-
framework silicates
-
cancrinite (5)
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
adularia (1)
-
celsian (5)
-
hyalophane (5)
-
K-feldspar (31)
-
microcline (1)
-
orthoclase (4)
-
perthite (3)
-
sanidine (6)
-
-
barium feldspar
-
celsian (5)
-
hyalophane (5)
-
-
plagioclase
-
albite (37)
-
anorthite (27)
-
bytownite (1)
-
labradorite (2)
-
oligoclase (1)
-
-
-
leucite (2)
-
myrmekite (1)
-
nepheline group
-
kaliophilite (2)
-
kalsilite (7)
-
nepheline (18)
-
-
pseudoleucite (1)
-
scapolite group
-
scapolite (4)
-
-
silica minerals
-
chalcedony (2)
-
coesite (24)
-
cristobalite (8)
-
keatite (1)
-
moganite (4)
-
opal
-
opal-A (1)
-
-
quartz
-
alpha quartz (3)
-
-
stishovite (14)
-
tridymite (8)
-
-
sodalite group
-
genthelvite (2)
-
hauyne (3)
-
helvite (3)
-
nosean (1)
-
sodalite (4)
-
tugtupite (1)
-
-
zeolite group
-
analcime (5)
-
chabazite (1)
-
clinoptilolite (4)
-
faujasite (2)
-
gmelinite (1)
-
laumontite (2)
-
mordenite (2)
-
natrolite (1)
-
phillipsite (2)
-
pollucite (3)
-
thomsonite (1)
-
wairakite (2)
-
-
-
iron silicates (2)
-
magnesian silicates (5)
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
andalusite (23)
-
britholite group
-
britholite (1)
-
-
chloritoid (9)
-
chondrodite (2)
-
clinohumite (4)
-
datolite group
-
gadolinite (2)
-
-
dumortierite (14)
-
ellenbergerite (1)
-
euclase (2)
-
garnet group
-
almandine (9)
-
andradite (8)
-
grossular (34)
-
hydrogarnet
-
hydrogrossular (7)
-
-
majorite (14)
-
pyrope (37)
-
spessartine (6)
-
uvarovite (5)
-
vanadium garnet (1)
-
-
grandidierite (3)
-
humite (5)
-
kyanite (44)
-
larnite (4)
-
merwinite (4)
-
mullite (28)
-
olivine group
-
fayalite (16)
-
forsterite (49)
-
kirschsteinite (1)
-
laihunite (1)
-
monticellite (4)
-
olivine (73)
-
ringwoodite (12)
-
wadsleyite (13)
-
-
phenakite group
-
eucryptite (4)
-
phenakite (7)
-
willemite (1)
-
-
sillimanite (39)
-
spurrite (3)
-
staurolite (27)
-
titanite group
-
titanite (24)
-
-
titanoclinohumite (1)
-
topaz (16)
-
zircon group
-
coffinite (1)
-
thorite (5)
-
zircon (153)
-
-
-
sorosilicates
-
bertrandite (6)
-
chevkinite group
-
chevkinite (1)
-
perrierite (2)
-
-
epidote group
-
allanite (10)
-
clinozoisite (10)
-
epidote (28)
-
piemontite (1)
-
zoisite (17)
-
-
hemimorphite (1)
-
ilvaite (2)
-
kilchoanite (1)
-
kornerupine (4)
-
lawsonite (22)
-
melilite group
-
akermanite (5)
-
gehlenite (13)
-
melilite (12)
-
-
prismatine (3)
-
pumpellyite group
-
pumpellyite (6)
-
-
thortveitite group
-
thortveitite (1)
-
yttrialite (1)
-
-
vesuvianite (15)
-
zunyite (1)
-
-
-
ring silicates
-
beryl (22)
-
cordierite (46)
-
emerald (4)
-
eudialyte (1)
-
labuntsovite (1)
-
milarite group
-
milarite (2)
-
osumilite (5)
-
-
tourmaline group
-
dravite (18)
-
elbaite (7)
-
foitite (10)
-
schorl (14)
-
uvite (5)
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
chlorite group
-
chamosite (7)
-
chlorite (74)
-
clinochlore (12)
-
cookeite (4)
-
sudoite (10)
-
-
clay minerals
-
allophane (8)
-
beidellite (5)
-
dickite (14)
-
halloysite (10)
-
hectorite (1)
-
imogolite (5)
-
kaolinite (53)
-
montmorillonite (14)
-
nacrite (4)
-
nontronite (9)
-
saponite (11)
-
smectite (39)
-
stevensite (1)
-
vermiculite (11)
-
-
clintonite (2)
-
corrensite (1)
-
cymrite (10)
-
illite (29)
-
magadiite (3)
-
margarite (4)
-
mica group
-
annite (8)
-
biotite (65)
-
celadonite (7)
-
fluor-phlogopite (4)
-
glauconite (1)
-
lepidolite (9)
-
muscovite (85)
-
paragonite (9)
-
phengite (43)
-
phlogopite (43)
-
polylithionite (5)
-
zinnwaldite (5)
-
-
palygorskite (2)
-
petalite (4)
-
pyrophyllite (16)
-
rectorite (1)
-
sepiolite (2)
-
sericite (2)
-
serpentine group
-
antigorite (14)
-
berthierine (6)
-
chrysotile (4)
-
cronstedtite (2)
-
lizardite (7)
-
serpentine (15)
-
-
stilpnomelane (4)
-
talc (22)
-
tosudite (1)
-
-
-
sulfates
-
alunite (12)
-
anhydrite (6)
-
barite (1)
-
celestine (1)
-
copiapite (1)
-
coquimbite (2)
-
ettringite (2)
-
glauberite (1)
-
gypsum (3)
-
halotrichite (1)
-
iron sulfates (1)
-
jarosite (1)
-
pickeringite (1)
-
-
sulfides
-
acanthite (1)
-
arsenopyrite (1)
-
bismuthinite (1)
-
bornite (2)
-
chalcocite (1)
-
chalcopyrite (6)
-
copper sulfides (3)
-
covellite (1)
-
digenite (1)
-
djurleite (1)
-
galena (2)
-
genthelvite (2)
-
gersdorffite (1)
-
heazlewoodite (1)
-
helvite (3)
-
iron sulfides (1)
-
joseite (1)
-
molybdenite (5)
-
nickel sulfides (2)
-
pentlandite (3)
-
pyrite (18)
-
pyrrhotite (6)
-
sphalerite (5)
-
stibnite (1)
-
tetradymite (1)
-
troilite (1)
-
wurtzite (1)
-
-
sulfosalts
-
sulfobismuthites
-
wittichenite (1)
-
-
sulfostannates
-
stannite (1)
-
-
-
tellurates (2)
-
tellurides
-
hedleyite (1)
-
joseite (1)
-
tetradymite (1)
-
-
tungstates
-
ferberite (2)
-
scheelite (6)
-
wolframite (4)
-
-
uranium minerals (2)
-
vanadates (2)
-
wehrlite (6)
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (265)
-
Africa
-
Afar (1)
-
Cape Verde Islands (1)
-
Central Africa
-
Angola (1)
-
Rwanda (2)
-
-
Congo Craton (3)
-
East Africa
-
Ethiopia (3)
-
Kenya
-
East Turkana Basin (1)
-
Kenya Rift valley (1)
-
-
Malawi (1)
-
Mozambique (2)
-
Sudan (1)
-
Tanzania
-
Oldoinyo Lengai (5)
-
-
Turkana Basin (1)
-
Uganda (1)
-
Zambia (3)
-
-
East African Rift (4)
-
Kalahari Desert (1)
-
Limpopo Belt (10)
-
Madagascar
-
Antananarivo Madagascar (1)
-
-
Mozambique Belt (3)
-
North Africa
-
Algeria
-
Ahaggar (1)
-
-
Atlas Mountains
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (1)
-
Middle Atlas (1)
-
-
-
Egypt
-
Aswan Egypt (1)
-
Eastern Desert (2)
-
Sinai Egypt (1)
-
-
Morocco
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (1)
-
Middle Atlas (1)
-
-
Rif
-
Beni Bouchera (2)
-
-
-
Tunisia (1)
-
-
Nubian Shield (1)
-
Sahara (1)
-
Southern Africa
-
Barberton greenstone belt (7)
-
Botswana (3)
-
Gariep Belt (1)
-
Kaapvaal Craton (19)
-
Kalahari Craton (3)
-
Karoo Basin (2)
-
Lesotho (1)
-
Namaqualand (3)
-
Namaqualand metamorphic complex (4)
-
Namibia
-
Damara Belt (2)
-
Kaoko Belt (1)
-
-
South Africa
-
Bushveld Complex (6)
-
Cape Province region (1)
-
Free State South Africa
-
Vredefort Dome (1)
-
-
KwaZulu-Natal South Africa
-
Tugela Basin (1)
-
-
Limpopo South Africa (2)
-
Mpumalanga South Africa
-
Barberton South Africa (1)
-
-
Northern Cape Province South Africa
-
Kimberley South Africa (2)
-
-
Transvaal region (2)
-
Witwatersrand (1)
-
-
Swaziland (1)
-
Zimbabwe (5)
-
-
West Africa
-
Adamawa (1)
-
Cameroon (1)
-
Guinea (1)
-
Ivory Coast (2)
-
Mali (2)
-
Niger (2)
-
Nigeria (1)
-
Senegal (1)
-
-
West African Craton (1)
-
Zambezi Valley (1)
-
Zimbabwe Craton (3)
-
-
Antarctica
-
Antarctic Peninsula
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ijolite (7)
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Lower Cretaceous
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Franciscan Complex (7)
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Jurassic
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Galice Formation (1)
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lower Mesozoic (1)
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Triassic
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Lower Triassic
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Bunter (1)
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Upper Triassic
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Carnian (1)
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aluminum
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (7)
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Re-187/Os-188 (2)
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metamorphic rocks
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Weathering profiles, key pedogenic features, and geochemical ratios for the... Available to Purchase
in Triassic paleosol catenas associated with a salt-withdrawal minibasin in southeastern Utah, U.S.A.
> Rocky Mountain Geology
Published: 01 January 2005
Figure 7. Weathering profiles, key pedogenic features, and geochemical ratios for the Slickrock ( A ), Kokopelli ( B ), Moab ( C ), and Castle Valley ( D ) pedotypes. Al2O3/SiO2 is an indicator of lessivage (clay translocation). The CaO+MgO/Al2O3 ratio is an indicator of calcification
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A slice through SiO2-Al2O3 plane in the compositional system Na 2 O, CaO, K... Available to Purchase
in An automated system for phase identification and quantitative composition determination using the electron microprobe: Theory and applications
> American Mineralogist
Published: 01 October 2004
F igure 4. A slice through SiO2-Al2O3 plane in the compositional system Na 2 O, CaO, K 2 O, FeO, MgO, MnO, ZnO, Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , TiO 2 . The upper plot displays the input compositions of the 1735 analysis LongTest.csv data set. The lower figure displays the stoichiometric model compositions
Journal Article
La solubilite de l'aluminium dans l'orthopyroxene; inversion globale des donnees experimentales du systeme MgO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 Available to Purchase
Publisher: Société Géologique de France
Published: 01 September 1987
Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France (1987) III (5): 821–832.
... MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 nesosilicates orthopyrozene orthosilicates oxides P-T conditions phase equilibria physical models silicates solubility spinel thermodynamic properties ...
Journal Article
Low sediment transport efficiency from the Tibetan Plateau to the Indian Ocean through the Yarlung Zangbo–Brahmaputra–Ganges system Available to Purchase
Mingyang Yu, Zhifei Liu, Yulong Zhao, Baozhi Lin, H.M. Zakir Hossain, Suchana Taral, Tapan Chakraborty, Christophe Colin, Zhongpeng Han, Chengshen Wang
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 08 April 2025
GSA Bulletin (2025)
... to the difficulty of accurately measuring the grain size of sands (e.g., Stevenson et al., 2023). Instead, we used a geochemical proxy for grain size, the Al2O3/SiO2 molar ratio, which has been widely applied in previous studies (Lupker et al., 2011, 2012b, 2013). Major elements were measured on bulk sand for all...
Early Publication
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REACTION ZONES DEVELOPED BETWEEN CORUNDUM METAPELITE AND MARBLE, ALBORÁN SEA BASEMENT, WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN: ORIGIN AND PHASE RELATIONS Available to Purchase
Journal: The Canadian Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Association of Canada
Published: 01 February 2002
The Canadian Mineralogist (2002) 40 (1): 85–101.
... quartz à T > 650°C, P < 5 kbar. Les relations de phases, analysées par projections de potentiels chimiques (μ Al2O3 –μ SiO2 –μ CaO ), concordent avec la séquence observée de zones de réaction, les assemblages de minéraux, et la variation observée en composition chimique du grenat, de...
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Preface Free
Journal: European Journal of Mineralogy
Publisher: GeoScienceWorld Journals
Published: 01 October 2008
European Journal of Mineralogy (2008) 20 (5): 691–692.
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Crystal chemistry and high-temperature behavior of Al-bearing stishovite and Al-rich phase D: Implications for water storage in the deep mantle Available to Purchase
Journal: American Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 09 April 2025
American Mineralogist (2025)
... Raman and FTIR spectroscopy. The 23 samples were synthesized in the MgO SiO2 Al2O3 H2O system at 25 GPa, 1350 24 1600 . The results demonstrate that Al-bearing SiO2 glass formed by the amorphization 25 of stishovite under high-temperature conditions can incorporate water in the form of 26 hydroxyl...
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Silicate liquid immiscibility in the Chang’e 5 lunar mare magmas: constraints on the petrogenesis of lunar granitic rocks Available to Purchase
Le Zhang, Ya-Nan Yang, Jintuan Wang, Ze-Xian Cui, Cheng-Yuan Wang, Peng-Li He, Yan-Qiang Zhang, Mang Lin, Yi-Gang Xu
Journal: American Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 04 February 2025
American Mineralogist (2025)
... investigated Si-rich melt inclusions 27 hosted in fayalite fragments from lunar soil returned by the Chang e 5 mission. These 28 melt inclusions have high SiO2 (76.4 wt Al2O3 (11.1 wt and K2O (5.8 wt 29 and low FeO (2.8 wt TiO2 (0.42 wt and MgO (0.02 wt contents. The 30 texture and chemical composition...
Early Publication
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Supercontinent reconstruction of the microcontinents in Northeast China Available to Purchase
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 13 May 2025
GSA Bulletin (2025)
... Hf(t) values ranging from +4.2 to +6.8, with Hf model ages slightly older than the formation age, which indicates a depleted mantle source metasomatized by subducted fluids or melts (Han et al., 2019). The geochemical data from the Biliya amphibolites revealed SiO2 values of 44.24 51.12 wt%; Al2O3...
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Sapphirine-bearing assemblages in the system MgO–Al 2 O 3 –SiO 2 : a continuing ambiguity Available to Purchase
Journal: European Journal of Mineralogy
Publisher: GeoScienceWorld Journals
Published: 01 October 2008
European Journal of Mineralogy (2008) 20 (5): 721–734.
Includes: Supplemental Content
Journal Article
Closure in concentration data: Is it always such a hazard? Available to Purchase
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Published: 23 June 2025
Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis (2025) geochem2025-016.
... diagenetic minerals (pistomesite: PI, apatite: AP, and calcite: CC; FeO, MgO, CaO, MnO, CO2, & P2O5) occur in the material transfers involving clastic minerals (quartz: QZ, albite: AB, K-feldspar: KS, and illite: IL; SiO2, Al2O3, Na2O, & K2O; Equation 20; Stanley 2025; Korsch et al. 1993). As a result...
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Unraveling the tectonic tapestry of granitic rocks: Petrogenetic insights from Triassic silicic plutonic and volcanic magmatism in the northern Tibetan Plateau Available to Purchase
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 24 March 2025
GSA Bulletin (2025)
... diagrams illustrate clear evolutionary trends in the syenogranites (Fig. 6), where FeOT, Al2O3, MgO, Na2O, and MnO contents decrease with increasing SiO2. The chondrite-normalized REE and primitive mantlenormalized trace element diagrams reveal that the syenogranites are enriched in light rare earth...
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Boninitic melt percolation makes depleted mantle wedges rich in silica: COMMENT Open Access
Journal: Geology
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 01 March 2024
Geology (2024) 52 (3): e572.
... peridotites either. They clearly have lower MgO and NiO, Bénard, A., Le Losq, C., Müntener, O., Robyr, M., Nebel, O., Arculus, R.J., and but higher SiO2, CaO, and Na2O for a given Al2O3 content (Figs. 1A 1C), notably leading to much higher Ca/Al (~2 13). Neither metasomatic Ionov, D.A., 2022, Spinel...
Journal Article
Strain localization via mechanical mixing and metasomatism: an example from the metagabbros of Marine de Giottani, Alpine Corsica, France Open Access
Publisher: Société Géologique de France
Published: 09 June 2025
Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France (2025) 196 (1): 10.
... 0.00 0.00 X Mg 0.82 0.84 0.81 0.82 0.89 0.88 Mafic to Ultramafic SERPENTINE ultramafite ultramafite Sample CO1414 CO1414 SiO2 41.65 41.47 Al2O3 3.28 2.90 TiO2 0.01 0.00 Cr2O3 0.04 0.07 NiO 0.24 0.23 FeO 6.66...
Journal Article
OSCILLATORY EPITACTIC-GROWTH ZONING IN BIOTITE AND MUSCOVITE FROM THE LAKE LEWIS LEUCOGRANITE, SOUTH MOUNTAIN BATHOLITH, NOVA SCOTIA, CANADA Available to Purchase
Journal: The Canadian Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Association of Canada
Published: 01 August 2003
The Canadian Mineralogist (2003) 41 (4): 1027–1047.
... of white micas on the basis of high-pressure experiments in the systems K2O–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–H 2 O and K2O–FeO–Al2O3–SiO2–H 2 O . Lithos 41 , 229 – 250 . McKenzie , C.B. ( 1974 ): Petrology of the South Mountain Batholith, Western Nova Scotia . M. Sc. thesis, Dalhousie Univ. , Halifax, N.S...
Journal Article
Ordovician–Devonian granites and Li-Be–bearing pegmatites in the Altyn Tagh Orogen, NW China Available to Purchase
Yan Jing, Chuan-lin Zhang, Chen Wang, Wen-chun Ge, Zhi-hao Song, Xian-tao Ye, Yi-kang Quan, Zhi-kai Xu, Hai-long Che, Yong Wang, Jia-lin Li, Jun-wang Zhou
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 24 April 2025
GSA Bulletin (2025)
... granodiorite samples have relatively high SiO2 (70.49 72.59 wt Al2O3 (15.13 15.82 wt and K2O (2.11 3.43 wt%) contents, relatively high Sr (727 771 ppm) and Ba (1582 2650 ppm), low Y (4.31 7.48 ppm) and Yb (0.30 0.63 ppm) contents, as well as high Sr/Y ratios of 99.27 170.46 (Table S4). They show sub-alkaline...
Journal Article
XONOTLITE IN RODINGITE ASSEMBLAGES FROM THE RONDA PERIDOTITES, BETIC CORDILLERAS, SOUTHERN SPAIN Available to Purchase
Journal: The Canadian Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Association of Canada
Published: 01 February 2003
The Canadian Mineralogist (2003) 41 (1): 161–170.
.... Mineral . 20 , 197 . Brown , P.A. ( 1978 ): Xonotlite: a new occurrence at Rose Blanche, Newfoundland. Can. Mineral . 16 , 671 – 672 . Buckner , D. A. , Roy , D. M. & Roy , R. ( 1960 ): Studies in the system CaO–Al2O3–SiO2–H 2 O, II. The system CaSiO3–H 2 O . Am. J...
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Closure in concentration data: Molar element ratio analysis of compositional variations in Castlepoint, New Zealand mudstones Available to Purchase
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Published: 23 June 2025
Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis (2025) geochem2024-064.
... examined petrographically, and studied using X-ray diffraction, size fraction segregation, and lithogeochemical analysis (Korsch et al. 1993; Stanley 1997). Ten major oxide concentrations (SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3T, MnO, MgO, CaO, Na2O, K2O, P2O5) were determined by fusion-XRF analysis. Loss on ignition...
Early Publication
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Granitic melt viscosity and silicic magma dynamics in contrasting tectonic settings Available to Purchase
Journal: Journal of the Geological Society
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Published: 01 December 1999
Journal of the Geological Society (1999) 156 (6): 1057–1060.
..., structure, and properties of Fe-bearing aluminosilicate melts relationships among temperature, com- position, and oxygen fugacity in the system Na2O-Al2O3-SiO2-Fe-O. American Mineralogist, 74, 58 76. P D A.E. & H N. 1998. Experimental constraints on Himalayan anatexis. Journal of Petrology, 39, 689 710. P N...
Journal Article
Contrasting cooling histories in the Archean Minnesota River Valley Subprovince of the Superior Craton of North America with implications for secular change of metamorphic time scales Available to Purchase
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 27 March 2025
GSA Bulletin (2025)
... considered, but not found to be stable in any of the calculations. Components considered for the calculations were: MnO, Na2O, CaO, K2O, FeO, MgO, Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, and H2O. Ferric iron was not included due to the presence of ilmenite as the only oxide, low Xhematite in ilmenite, as well as the presence...
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