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Journal Article

Early Devonian volcanics of southeastern Gorny Altai: geochemistry, isotope (Sr, Nd, and O) composition, and petrogenesis ( Aksai complex ) Available to Purchase

V.I. Krupchatnikov, V.V. Vrublevskii, N.N. Kruk
Published: 01 August 2018
Russ. Geol. Geophys. (2018) 59 (8): 905–924.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rgg.2018.07.012
... to the interference of plate- and plume-tectonic processes (the impact of a mantle plume on the already existing active continental margin). Fig. 1. Diagram of the geological structure of the Aksai volcanic complex according to ( Krupchatnikov et al., 2015 ; Ponomarev et al., 2010 ; Shokal’skii et al., 2000...
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View PDF for article title, Early Devonian volcanics of southeastern Gorny Altai: geochemistry, isotope (Sr, Nd, and O) composition, and petrogenesis ( <span class="search-highlight">Aksai</span> <span class="search-highlight">complex</span> )
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Harker diagrams for Aksai complex rocks. 1, Nb-enriched basaltic andesites, 2, 3, silicic rocks of the Aksai (2) and Kalguty (3) VTSs.

Harker diagrams for Aksai complex rocks. 1 , Nb-enriched basaltic andesite... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 9. Harker diagrams for Aksai complex rocks. 1 , Nb-enriched basaltic andesites, 2, 3 , silicic rocks of the Aksai ( 2 ) and Kalguty ( 3 ) VTSs.
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Position of the compositions of Aksai complex rocks in experimental melt diagrams. Aksai complex: 1, dacites and granodiorites, 2, rhyodacites, rhyolites, granites, and leucogranites. a, according to (Gerdes et al., 2002); b, according to (Patino Douce, 1999): LP and HP are the mixing lines of melts of tholeiitic basalts and metapelites, respectively, at a low (5 kbar or less) and high (12–15 kbar) pressure.

Position of the compositions of Aksai complex rocks in experimental melt di... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 12. Position of the compositions of Aksai complex rocks in experimental melt diagrams. Aksai complex: 1 , dacites and granodiorites, 2 , rhyodacites, rhyolites, granites, and leucogranites. a , according to ( Gerdes et al., 2002 ); b , according to ( Patino Douce, 1999 ): LP and HP
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Zircon saturation temperatures in Aksai complex rocks. The temperatures were calculated by the formula (according to (Miller et al., 2003; Watson and Harrison, 1983)): T (°C) = 12900/[3.8 + 0.85(M – 1) + lnDzr] – 272. M = (Na + K + 2Ca)/(Al + Si) cation ratio. Dzr = 496000/Zrmelt. 1, Aksai VTS; 2, Kalguty VTS and grabens.

Zircon saturation temperatures in Aksai complex rocks. The temperatures wer... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 11. Zircon saturation temperatures in Aksai complex rocks. The temperatures were calculated by the formula (according to ( Miller et al., 2003 ; Watson and Harrison, 1983 )): T (°C) = 12900/[3.8 + 0.85(M – 1) + ln D zr ] – 272. M = (Na + K + 2Ca)/(Al + Si) cation ratio. D zr
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Distribution of rare elements in Aksai complex rocks. Compositions of primitive mantle, chondrite, and oceanic island basalts (OIB) according to (Sun and McDonough, 1989), basalts of island arcs and active continental margins (IAB), according to (Kovalenko et al., 2010). a, b, 1, Nb-enriched basaltic andesites, 2, magnesian basaltic andesites and andesites of Oyum paleovolcano; c–f, 1, Aksai VTS, 2, Kalguty VTS; c, d, dacites and granodiorites, d, e, rhyodacites, rhyolites, granites, and leucogranites.

Distribution of rare elements in Aksai complex rocks. Compositions of primi... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 5. Distribution of rare elements in Aksai complex rocks. Compositions of primitive mantle, chondrite, and oceanic island basalts (OIB) according to ( Sun and McDonough, 1989 ), basalts of island arcs and active continental margins (IAB), according to ( Kovalenko et al., 2010 ). a, b , 1
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Comparison of compositions of high-silica rocks of the Aksai complex and model melts from metaturbidites of the Gorny Altai Group.

Comparison of compositions of high-silica rocks of the Aksai complex and mo... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 10. Comparison of compositions of high-silica rocks of the Aksai complex and model melts from metaturbidites of the Gorny Altai Group.
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Variation of the La/Yb ratio in Aksai complex rocks. 1, magnesian andesites and basaltic andesites of the Oyum paleovolcano, 2, Nb-enriched basaltic andesites.

Variation of the La/Yb ratio in Aksai complex rocks. 1 , magnesian andesit... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 8. Variation of the La/Yb ratio in Aksai complex rocks. 1 , magnesian andesites and basaltic andesites of the Oyum paleovolcano, 2 , Nb-enriched basaltic andesites.
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Histograms of silica distribution of Aksai complex rocks. The number of samples is given in parentheses. In addition to tabular data (Table 1), analysis of GSR-50 materials were used.

Histograms of silica distribution of Aksai complex rocks. The number of sam... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 2. Histograms of silica distribution of Aksai complex rocks. The number of samples is given in parentheses. In addition to tabular data ( Table 1 ), analysis of GSR-50 materials were used.
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Petrochemical diagrams for Aksai complex rocks. Rock composition: 1, Aksai VTS; 2, Kalguty VTS; 3, Oyum paleovolcano. Silicic derivatives (SiO2 &gt; 60 wt.%) are given in diagrams (c) and (d). a, According to (Petrographic Code, 2009); b, according to (Rickwood, 1989); (c), according to (Maniar and Piccoli, 1989), (d), according to (Frost et al., 2001). Mol. A/NK, Al2O3/(Na2O+ K2O); mol. A/CNK, Al2O3/(CaO+ Na2O+ K2O). Fe-index = FeOtot/(FeOtot + MgO), wt.%.

Petrochemical diagrams for Aksai complex rocks. Rock composition: 1 , Aksa... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 3. Petrochemical diagrams for Aksai complex rocks. Rock composition: 1 , Aksai VTS; 2 , Kalguty VTS; 3 , Oyum paleovolcano. Silicic derivatives (SiO 2 > 60 wt.%) are given in diagrams ( c ) and ( d ). a , According to ( Petrographic Code, 2009 ); b , according to ( Rickwood, 1989
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Ratio of silica and magnesium contents in Aksai complex rocks. 1, Oyum paleovolcano rocks; 2, Nb-enriched basaltic andesites. Line separating the fields of normal and magnesian andesites according to (McCarron and Smellie, 1998). mg# = 100Mg/(Mg + Fetot), atomic ratio.

Ratio of silica and magnesium contents in Aksai complex rocks. 1 , Oyum pa... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 4. Ratio of silica and magnesium contents in Aksai complex rocks. 1 , Oyum paleovolcano rocks; 2 , Nb-enriched basaltic andesites. Line separating the fields of normal and magnesian andesites according to ( McCarron and Smellie, 1998 ). mg# = 100Mg/(Mg + Fe tot ), atomic ratio.
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Discrimination diagrams for Aksai complex rocks. a: 1, magnesian andesites and basaltic andesites of the Oyum paleovolcano; 2, Nb-enriched basaltic andesites; b–d, compositions of silicic (SiO2 &gt; 60 wt.%) derivatives: a, (Wood, 1980); b, (Whalen et al., 1987); c, (Eby, 1992); d, (Pearce et al., 1984).

Discrimination diagrams for Aksai complex rocks. a: 1 , magnesian andesite... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 6. Discrimination diagrams for Aksai complex rocks. a: 1 , magnesian andesites and basaltic andesites of the Oyum paleovolcano; 2 , Nb-enriched basaltic andesites; b–d , compositions of silicic (SiO 2 > 60 wt.%) derivatives: a , ( Wood, 1980 ); b , ( Whalen et al., 1987 ); c
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Isotopic composition of neodymium, strontium, and oxygen in Aksai complex rocks. 1, Nb-enriched basaltic andesites; 2, dacites, 3, rhyolite; 4, leucogranite; 5, magnesian andesites and basaltic andesites. a, the Mantle array region and the locations of the PREMA, EM1, and EM2 reservoirs in accordance with their modern isotopic parameters according to (Zindler and Hart, 1986); the location of the DMM reservoir according to (Workman and Hart, 2005). MT is the overall composition of Cambrian–Ordovician metaturbidites ((Gorny Altai Group of the Kholzun–Chuya anticlinorium (Kruk, 2015) and the Habahe association similar of the Chinese Altai (Chen and Jahn, 2002; Long et al., 2010)). b, primitive mantle (M), island-arc mantle (AM), and mixing trends I–III (dotted line) according to (Davidson et al., 2005): I, basalt + juvenile crust and pelagic sediments, II, basalt + ancient crust, III, mantle + ancient subduction sediments (source contamination).

Isotopic composition of neodymium, strontium, and oxygen in Aksai complex r... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 7. Isotopic composition of neodymium, strontium, and oxygen in Aksai complex rocks. 1 , Nb-enriched basaltic andesites; 2 , dacites, 3 , rhyolite; 4 , leucogranite; 5 , magnesian andesites and basaltic andesites. a , the Mantle array region and the locations of the PREMA, EM1, and EM2
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Positive correlation of the Th/La and Sm/La ratios in silicic rocks of the Aksai complex. 1, 2, Aksai complex: 1, dacites and granodiorites, 2, rhyodacites, rhyolites, granites, and leucogranites; 3, compositions of model melts (Kruk, 2015) at pressures of 5 kbar (a) and 10 kbar (b); the numbers at figurative points are temperatures (°C). The arrow shows the direction of temperature increase (T) and the degree of melting (F). SALATHO reservoir according to (Tommasini et al., 2011), N-MORB according to (Sun and McDonough, 1989). The island-arc basites are volcanic rocks of the Early–Middle Cambrian Sugash complex in the Kholzun–Chuya anticlinorium.

Positive correlation of the Th/La and Sm/La ratios in silicic rocks of the ... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 13. Positive correlation of the Th/La and Sm/La ratios in silicic rocks of the Aksai complex. 1, 2 , Aksai complex: 1 , dacites and granodiorites, 2 , rhyodacites, rhyolites, granites, and leucogranites; 3 , compositions of model melts ( Kruk, 2015 ) at pressures of 5 kbar ( a) and 10
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The Nd and Sr isotope compositions of alkaline igneous complexes in southeastern Gorny Altai. 1, alkaline rocks and carbonatites of the Edel’veis complex (–C2); 2, potassic volcanics of the Aksai complex (D2–3) (Vrublevsky et al., 2007); 3, lamproites of the Chuya complex (T1–2) (Vrublevskii et al., 2005); 4, kalgutite and elvan from the Kalguty ore-magmatic system (J1) (Annikova et al., 2006). Arrow shows the isotopic evolution of magmatism in time. The “Mantle array” area and position of the MORB, PREMA, EM I, and EM II reservoirs are given in accordance with their modern parameters, after Zindler and Hart (1986).

The Nd and Sr isotope compositions of alkaline igneous complexes in southea... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 August 2012
Fig. 8. The Nd and Sr isotope compositions of alkaline igneous complexes in southeastern Gorny Altai. 1 , alkaline rocks and carbonatites of the Edel’veis complex (–C 2 ); 2 , potassic volcanics of the Aksai complex (D 2–3 ) ( Vrublevsky et al., 2007 ); 3 , lamproites of the Chuya complex (T 1
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Composition diagrams for mafic rocks (45 wt.% &lt; SiO2 &lt; 53 wt.%) of the ASRS: a – εSr(T)–εNd(T), b – εNd(T)–TiO2, T = 400 Ma. 1 – Tuva basin (Sugorakova and Nikiforov, 2016; Vetrov et al., 2022), 2 – northwestern Mongolia (Vorontsov and Yarmolyuk, 1992), 3 – Minusa basin (Vorontsov et al., 2010, 2011, 2013b, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2021), 4 – alkalie rocks of the Minusa basin (Mustafaev et al., 2020; Vrublevskii and Gertner, 2021), 5 – Aksai Complex (Krupchatnikov et al., 2018), 6 – mantle correlation trend. PREMA – prevailing mantle, EM II – mantle enriched in radiogenic Sr.

Composition diagrams for mafic rocks (45 wt.% < SiO 2 < 53 wt.%) of ... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 December 2023
), 3 – Minusa basin ( Vorontsov et al., 2010 , 2011 , 2013b , 2015 , 2017 , 2018 , 2021 ), 4 – alkalie rocks of the Minusa basin ( Mustafaev et al., 2020 ; Vrublevskii and Gertner, 2021 ), 5 – Aksai Complex ( Krupchatnikov et al., 2018 ), 6 – mantle correlation trend. PREMA – prevailing
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Binary composition diagrams for the ASRS rocks: a – SiO2–TiO2 diagram for all rocks, b – KMg–TiO2 diagram for mafic rocks. KMg = 100Mg/(Mg + Fe2+), at. quant. 1 – Tuva basin (Sugorakova and Nikiforov, 2016; Vetrov et al., 2022), 2 – northwestern Mongolia (Vorontsov and Yarmolyuk, 1992), 3 – Minusa basin (Vorontsov et al., 2013b) and Delyun–Yustyd basin (eastern slope of the Mongolian Altay) (Gavrilova and Luvsandanzan, 1983; Vorontsov and Yarmolyuk, 1992, 1993), 4 – alkaline rocks of the Minusa basin (Vrublevskii et al., 2016; Mustafaev et al., 2020), 5 – Aksai Complex (Krupchatnikov et al., 2018). Dashed line separates the compositions of low-Ti and high-Ti rocks with SiO2 = 45–53 wt.%.

Binary composition diagrams for the ASRS rocks: a – SiO 2 –TiO 2 diagram... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 December 2023
., 2020 ), 5 – Aksai Complex ( Krupchatnikov et al., 2018 ). Dashed line separates the compositions of low-Ti and high-Ti rocks with SiO 2 = 45–53 wt.%.
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Scheme of the occurrence of Devonian igneous associations in the early Paleozoic complexes of the CAOB (Luchitskii, 1960; Tikunov, 1995; Gavrilova and Luvsandanzan, 1983; Yarmolyuk and Kovalenko, 1991; Yarmolyuk and Vorontsov, 1993; Kovalenko et al., 2004b; Izokh et al., 2011; Vorontsov et al., 2013b, 2015; Yarmolyuk et al., 2013; Vrublevskii et al., 2016; Krupchatnikov et al., 2018; Vrublevskii and Gertner, 2021; Vorontsov, 2022). 1 – Altai–Sayan rift system: 2–8 – Early Devonian igneous associations: 2 – mafic; 3 – continuous basalt–andesite–rhyolite; 4 – alkaline; 5 – bimodal basalt–trachyrhyolite; 6 – alkali granite; 7 – mixed (continuous and bimodal); 8 – ultramafic–mafic; 9–10 – Devonian igneous associations related to the formation of the convergent(?) continent–ocean boundary: 9 – continental, 10 – oceanic; 11 – early Paleozoic complexes of the framing of the Siberian Platform; 12 – Paleoasian Ocean; 13 – igneous associations with low-Ti basalts (0.2–2.2 wt.% TiO2) with geochemical signatures of IAB, εNd = 2.0–6.0; 14 – igneous associations with wide variations in Ti contents (low-Ti ones: 0.9–2.2 wt.% TiO2, high-Ti ones: 2.2–4.3 wt.% TiO2) with geochemical signatures of OIB, εNd = 3.8–8.7. Ak – Aksai Complex. Basins: T – Tuva, KA – Kuznetsk Alatau, DYu – Delyun–Yustyd, K – Kan, A – Agul, M – Minusa, NW – Northwest Mongolian.

Scheme of the occurrence of Devonian igneous associations in the early Pale... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 December 2023
ones: 2.2–4.3 wt.% TiO 2 ) with geochemical signatures of OIB, ε Nd = 3.8–8.7. Ak – Aksai Complex. Basins: T – Tuva, KA – Kuznetsk Alatau, DYu – Delyun–Yustyd, K – Kan, A – Agul, M – Minusa, NW – Northwest Mongolian.
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Diagram of the geological structure of the Aksai volcanic complex according to (Krupchatnikov et al., 2015; Ponomarev et al., 2010; Shokal’skii et al., 2000) with changes. 1, Cenozoic loose sediments; 2, Triassic–Jurassic granitoids; 3, Early Middle Triassic: monzonitoids (a), lamprophyre and lamproite dikes (b); 4–7, carbonate and terrigenous deposits: 4, Middle–Late Devonian, 5, Early Devonian, 6, Silurian–Early Devonian, 7, Middle Cambrian–Early Ordovician (Gorny Altai Group); 8, metamorphic formations; 9–14, Early Devonian Aksai volcanic complex: 9, basaltic andesites, 10, 11, effusive (10) and subvolcanic (11) dacites and rhyolites, 12, granodiorites, 13, leucogranites, 14, basalts and andesites of the Oyum paleovolcano; 15, faults; 16, contours of volcanotectonic structures: 1, Aksai, 2, Kalguty. Intrusive massifs in the Aksai VTS: A, Aksai, U, Ulandryk, O, Oyum. The inset shows the location of the Middle–Late Paleozoic volcanoplutonic belts in the western part of the Altai–Sayan folded area: 1, Cenozoic deposits of the Biya–Katun’ depression; 2, Aksai volcanic complex.

Diagram of the geological structure of the Aksai volcanic complex according... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 1. Diagram of the geological structure of the Aksai volcanic complex according to ( Krupchatnikov et al., 2015 ; Ponomarev et al., 2010 ; Shokal’skii et al., 2000 ) with changes. 1 , Cenozoic loose sediments; 2 , Triassic–Jurassic granitoids; 3 , Early Middle Triassic: monzonitoids
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Fragment of a geological map and the location of MTS profiles within the Chuya depression (State…, 2011). 1, Holocene; 2, upper Neopleistocene–Holocene); 3, middle-upper Neopleistocene; 4, middle-upper Devonian (Kyzylgir Group); 5, middle-upper Devonian (Ursul Group); 6, Devonian (cover facies and sedimentary rocks, Aksai Formation); 7, lower Silurian–lowwer Devonian; 8, middle Cambrian – lower Ordovician; 9, faults and reverse faults, including reliable faults with unidentified or complex kinematics, which do not emerge from the surface: a, main, b, others; 10, faults and uplifts, including reliable faults with unidentified or complex kinematics, hidden under the overlying formations: a, main, b, others; 11, MTS points with the profile numbers.

Fragment of a geological map and the location of MTS profiles within the Ch... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 April 2021
, Devonian (cover facies and sedimentary rocks, Aksai Formation); 7 , lower Silurian–lowwer Devonian; 8 , middle Cambrian – lower Ordovician; 9 , faults and reverse faults, including reliable faults with unidentified or complex kinematics, which do not emerge from the surface: a , main, b , others; 10
Journal Article

THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE DE FILIPPI EXPEDITION (1913–1914) TO THE GEOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE OF THE AKSAI CHIN REGION (WESTERN HIMALAYA) Available to Purchase

Fabbi Simone, Sha Jingeng, Cestari Riccardo, Dominici Stefano
Published: 01 May 2024
Earth Sciences History (2024) 43 (1): 86–100.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17704/1944-6187-43.1.86
... , 1938 ), representing for more than 60 years the only available documents on the geology of Aksai Chin ( Gaetani 2011 ). The general geology of this portion of the Himalaya-Karakoram orogen has been defined in the last 50 years and is very complex, due to the superposition of multiple orogenic...
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View PDF for article title, THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE DE FILIPPI EXPEDITION (1913–1914) TO THE GEOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE OF THE <span class="search-highlight">AKSAI</span> CHIN REGION (WESTERN HIMALAYA)
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