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![Seismic line AWI-98006 immediately south of the Agulhas Ridge. The insert map shows the location of the line in white. Note the elongate drift. E= Late Eocene, O= Early Oligocene, M= Middle Miocene, P= Pliocene/Pleistocene.]()
![First thumbnail for: Tectonic dissection and displacement of parts of S...]()
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![Third thumbnail for: Tectonic dissection and displacement of parts of S...]()
![First thumbnail for: Eocene to Miocene magnetostratigraphy, biostratigr...]()
![Second thumbnail for: Eocene to Miocene magnetostratigraphy, biostratigr...]()
![Third thumbnail for: Eocene to Miocene magnetostratigraphy, biostratigr...]()
![Map showing the bathymetry of the South African gateway (Sandwell and Smith, 1997). The location of the seismic lines is shown in black lines with white dots showing the ODP Leg 175 (1082 to 1087) and Leg 177 (1088 to 1090) site locations. The coloured arrows show the paths of the different currents and water masses, surface currents in (a), deeper water masses in (b): brown open arrow –Antarctic Bottomwater AABW, purple open arrow – North Atlantic Deepwater NADW, pink bold arrow – Antarctic Intermediate Water AAIW, dark orange bold arrow – Agulhas Current AC, yellow bold arrow – Benguela Current BC. AB= Agulhas Bank, APa= Agulhas Passage, APl= Agulhas Plateau, AR= Agulhas Ridge, CB= Cape Basin, MB= Mozambique Basin, MR= Mozambique Ridge, NV= Natal Valley, TB= Transkei Basin, sAB= south Agulhas Basin, wAB= west Agulhas Basin.]()
![Seismic line AWI-98005 in the southern Cape Basin immediately north of the Agulhas Ridge. The insert map shows the location of the line in white. Note the contourite sheet underneath the elongate drift. E= Late Eocene, O= Early Oligocene, M= Middle Miocene, P= Pliocene/Pleistocene.]()
![Tectonic reconstructions after Nürnberg and Müller (1991) using GPlates 1.5 (http://www.gplates.org), taking into account the available magnetic data in the region (Appendix DR3 [see footnote 1]; Fig. 1). A: At 80 Ma, the originally combined Richardson-Meteor-Orcadas ocean island volcano began forming through interaction of the Shona plume with the Agulhas-Falkland Fracture Zone (AFFZ). The body of the original tadpole-shaped seamount consisted of Richardson (RG), Meteor (MG), and Orcadas (OG) guyots and the tail of Agulhas Ridge (AR) and the ridge extending westward from Orcadas guyot (see Fig. 1). B: By 60 Ma, the original Richardson Seamount had been displaced ∼1000 km along the AFFZ, due to formation of new seafloor along the Agulhas spreading center (ASC). The southern half of the guyot (MG + OG) and the combined Meteor–Islas Orcadas Rise (MR-IOR) were split into the Meteor and Orcadas guyots and rises, respectively, as a result of a jump in spreading from the ASC to southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) at 61 Ma. C: At 30 Ma, spreading along the southern MAR had separated the Meteor and Orcadas guyots an additional ∼1250 km. At present, the Meteor and Orcadas guyots are separated by ∼2500 km, resulting in a total displacement between the Richardson and Orcadas guyots of ∼3500 km. CRS—Cape Rise seamounts, MS—Meteor Seamounts, SH—Shona hotspot, SR—Shona Rise.]()
![A: Map of the Agulhas system, with the location of Walvis Ridge core 64PE-174P13 and other cores discussed in the text. Contoured sea-surface height anomalies (seasonal climatological mean; www.aviso.altimetry.fr) indicate the transmission of Agulhas rings into the Atlantic Ocean. B–D: Geochemical results from core 64PE-174P13 for Globigerinoides ruber (s.l.—sensu lato) and Globorotalia truncatulinoides (sin—sinistral). MIS—marine isotope stage. B: Calcite δ18O (VPDB—Vienna Peedee belemnite). C: Mg/Ca-derived temperatures (Temp). D: Ice-volume corrected seawater δ18O (δ18Osw-ivc). Vertical error bars are propagated. VSMOW—Vienna standard mean ocean water.]()
![A: Map showing the location of the proposed hotspots (HS) in the southernmost South Atlantic Ocean: Tristan-Gough, Discovery, Shona, and Bouvet (yellow filled circles). Ages in red are from Rohde et al. (2013b), and those in black are from O’Connor and Jokat (2015; for Tristan-Gough) and O’Connor et al. (2012; for Shona). A yellow oval denotes the Shona bathymetric and geochemical anomaly along the southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR). The base map is from The GEBCO_08 Grid, version 20091120, (http://www.gebco.net). Dashed white box shows the location of B. B: Map of Richardson and Meteor guyots, Agulhas Ridge and fracture zone (FZ), and Meteor Rise. Ages highlighted in yellow are from this study and those in white are from O’Connor et al. (2012). Small circles represent dredge sites: white and yellow—this study; black—O’Connor et al. (2012). The base map is from GeoMapApp (http://www.geomapapp.org). See text for age estimate of Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 703. S.C.—spreading center.]()
![First thumbnail for: Cenozoic oceanic circulation within the South Afri...]()
![Second thumbnail for: Cenozoic oceanic circulation within the South Afri...]()
![Third thumbnail for: Cenozoic oceanic circulation within the South Afri...]()
![Initial (i) isotope correlation diagrams. A: (87Sr/86Sr)i versus (143Nd/144Nd)i. B: (Δ7/4Pb)i versus (143Nd/144Nd)i. C: (206Pb/204Pb)i versus (208Pb/204Pb)i. Data from Richardson and Meteor guyots, Agulhas Ridge, Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 703 on the central Meteor Rise and Shona anomaly on the southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge (SMAR) extend from the Gough domain of the Tristan-Gough hotspot to the field for Atlantic normal mid-oceanic ridge basalt (N-MORB). Fields for Gough and Tristan domains (Hoernle et al., 2015; Rohde et al., 2013a; Salters and Sachi-Kocher, 2010; GEOROC, http://georoc.mpch-mainz.gwdg.de/georoc/), Shona anomaly on the SMAR (Douglass et al., 1999), Atlantic N-MORB (PetDB, Petrological Database of the Ocean Floor; http://www.earthchem.org/petdb) and data from ODP Site 703 (Mueller et al., 1992) are shown for reference. The Gough domain comprises data from Gough Island, Gough guyot province, and Walvis Ridge; the Tristan domain comprises data from Tristan da Cunha, Tristan guyot province, and Deep Sea Drilling Project Sites 527 and 528 on Walvis Ridge. Initial isotopic compositions are calculated at 80 Ma for all data (further details about initial calculations are in Appendix DR3 and Fig. DR3 caption [see footnote 1]). Analytical errors of data (Appendix DR2; Table DR6) in these isotope diagrams are smaller than symbol size. EMI and EMII—enriched mantle one and two end members.]()
![Geological map showing the study area for the South Atlantic. The location of Leg 114 Ocean Drilling Program sites in the Northeast Georgia Rise (Sites 698 and 699), Islas Orcadas Rise (Site 701), and Meteor Rise (Site 703). Features are the Agulhas Plateau (AP), Falkland Plateau (FP), Georgia Basin (GB), Natal Valley (NV), Agulhas-Falkland Fracture Zone (AFFZ), Agulhas spreading ridge (AR), Mid-Atlantic spreading ridge (MAR), South American–Antarctic Ridge (SAR), Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR), and the Bouvet Triple Junction (BTJ).]()
![First thumbnail for: Continental Margin Off Western Africa: Cape St. Fr...]()
![Second thumbnail for: Continental Margin Off Western Africa: Cape St. Fr...]()
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![Submarine plateaus and ridges in the southwestern Indian Ocean illustrated on a satellite-derived bathymetry map (Smith and Sandwell, 1997) with locations of the deep crustal seismic profile AWI-20050300 across the southwestern Mozambique Ridge (MOZR) shown in this paper and related deep crustal seismic profiles across the Agulhas Plateau (AP) by Gohl and Uenzelmann-Neben (2001) and Parsiegla et al. (2008) (thin dashed lines). Indicated are the two OBS stations from which data are shown in Figure 2. The thick dotted line surrounds magmatic provinces we interpret to belong to the same southeastern African large igneous province event. The dashed line with yellow dots marks the Bouvet hotspot track with ages in million years (Hartnady and le Roex, 1985; Martin, 1987). AFFZ Agulhas-Falkland Fracture Zone, APas Agulhas Passage, TB Transkei Basin, TR Transkei Rise (name used in this paper), MB Mozambique Basin, SWIR Southwest Indian Ridge.]()
![First thumbnail for: Deep crustal structure of the sheared South Africa...]()
![Second thumbnail for: Deep crustal structure of the sheared South Africa...]()
![Third thumbnail for: Deep crustal structure of the sheared South Africa...]()
![Reconstruction model for formation of the southeast African LIP between 120 and 100 Ma. Dark grey areas of Mozambique Ridge (MOZR), Agulhas Plateau (AP), North-East Georgia Rise (NEGR), Maud Rise (MR) and the northern Astrid Ridge (AR) are fully developed oceanic plateau LIPs, while Transkei Rise (TR) is a partially developed LIP province. AFFZ Agulhas-Falkland Fracture Zone, TB Transkei Basin, FP Falkland Plateau, MEB Maurice Ewing Bank, E Ant East Antarctica.]()
![First thumbnail for: Saline Indian Ocean waters invaded the South Atlan...]()
![Second thumbnail for: Saline Indian Ocean waters invaded the South Atlan...]()
![(a) Bathymetric map from the southwest Indian Ocean (Smith and Sandwell, 1997; Uenzelmann-Neben, 2005; Jokat, 2006). The locations of the seismic profile (black line) and dredges (yellow stars) are shown in the blown-up part. The index map shows the general paths of the water masses active in the South African gateway. AABW= Antarctic Bottom Water, AAIW= Antarctic Intermediate Water, AC= Agulhas Current, ACC= Antarctic Circumpolar Current, AP= Agulhas Plateau, AR= Astrid Ridge, MR= Maud Rise, MozR= Mozambique Ridge, NADW= North Atlantic Deep Water. (b) Salinity profile across the southern Indian Ocean at 33° S (Schlitzer, 2010). AAIW= Antarctic Intermediate Water, NADW= North Atlantic Deep Water, MadR= Madagascar Ridge, MozR= Mozambique Ridge, NV= Natal Valley.]()
![Purple = oceanic-type crust. Green = attenuated continental-type crust. Yellow = “normal” continental-type crust. Modeled oceanic crust thickness range is 4–9 km. Modeled attenuated continental crust thickness range is 9–29 km. Modeled normal continental crust thickness >29 km. Walvis Ridge and Agulhas Plateau are underlain by crustal roots having continental-type densities (though exact nature of crust is uncertain). Hence, using the term “attenuated continental crust” for the Walvis Ridge and Agulhas Plateau is not necessarily correct, but helps to denote the anomalous crustal nature of these two areas.]()
![Locations of the extinct ridges evaluated in this study are shown on the vertical gravity gradient (VGG) grid of Sandwell et al. (2014). Well-defined (primary-tier) ridges are shown in red, controversial (secondary-tier) ridges in pink and poorly constrained (excluded) ridge locations shown in yellow. Active mid-ocean ridges are shown in light blue or in thick, orange lines where segments were assessed for comparison with extinct ridges. (A) Proposed extinct ridges in the Pacific Ocean and neighboring marginal basins (white labels): AD—Adare Trough; BA—Bauer; COC—Cocos; CRN—Carnegie; ELB—Ellice Basin; EMP—Emperor fracture zone; FRI—Friday; HUD—Hudson; GL—Gallego; GLP—Galapagos Rise; GUA—Guadalupe; HKT—Hokkaido Trough; KUL—Kula ridge; LIL—Liliuokalani ridge; MTH—Mathematician; MAG—Magellan Trough; MAP—Malpelo; MEN—Mendoza; MGD—Magdalena; MNH—Manihiki; MON—Monterey; NCT—Nova Canton Trough; NZC—Nazca propagator; OJ—Ontong Java; OSB—Osbourn; PEN—Penrhyn; SAN—Sandra; SEL—Selkirk; SHI—Shirley; TE—Tehuantepec; TO—Tongareva; WMG—West Magellan Trough. Marginal basin extinct ridges (pink labels): CAR—Caroline Basin ridge-jump (C10); CBW—Caroline Basin west ridge-jump (chron C11); CEL—Celebes; COR—Coral Sea; CT—Caroline Trough; DAM—Damar Basin; DMP—Dampier Ridge; GOM—Gulf of Mexico; KOM—Komanorsky; KT—Kilsgaard Trough; MAT—Mati; PAL—Palau; PVS—Parece Vela-Shikoku; SCS—South China Sea; SoJ—Sea of Japan; SRT—South Rennell Trough; SFB—South Fiji Basin; TAS—Tasman Sea; TH—Three Kings Ridge; WPH—West Philippine. Active ridges (orange labels): EAS—Easter microplate; EPR—East Pacific Rise; JDF—Juan de Fuca; JF—Juan Fernandez microplate; MT—Mariana Trough; NFB—North Fiji Basin; PAC-ANT—Pacific Antarctic ridge; RIV—Rivera. (B) Proposed extinct ridges in the Atlantic Ocean. Abbreviations: AB—Abimael Ridge; AG—Agulhas Ridge; ANG—Angolan Basin; BI—Bay of Biscay; LIG—Ligurian Basin; GRE—Grenada Basin; NF—North Falkland; SAO—Sao Paulo; VE—Vema microplate. Active ridge (orange label): S.MAR—Southern Mid-Atlantic ridge. (C) Proposed extinct ridges in the Indian Ocean. Abbreviations: BR—Bruce Rise; CON—Conrad–Del Cano; COS—South Conrad; CUV—Cuvier Abyssal Plain; DHR—Dirk Hartog Ridge; DIA—Diamantina fracture zone; EFE—Eighty Five East Ridge; END—Enderby Basin; GAS—Gascoyne Abyssal Plain; GOP—Gop Basin; GNT—Gonneville Triangle; LAX—Laxmi Basin; MAM—Mammerickx; MSC—Mascarene Basin; NTB—Northern Natal Basin; SON—Sonne Ridge; SOJ—Sonja Ridge; WA—Wallaby Ridge; Perth AP—Perth Abyssal Plain, four proposed placements (numbered 1–4); WH—Wharton Basin; WSB—West Somali Basin. Active ridges (orange labels): SEIR—Southeast Indian ridge; SWIR—Southwest Indian ridge. (D) Proposed extinct ridges in the Scotia Sea and neighboring marginal basins. Abbreviations: DOV—Dove Basin; JB—Jane Basin; PHX—Phoenix (Pacific Ocean); POW—Powell Basin; PR—Protector Ridge; WE—Weddell Sea; WSR—West Scotia Ridge. (E) Proposed extinct ridges in the Arctic. Abbreviations: AEG—Aegir Trough; BF—Baffin Bay; CAN—Canada Basin; KOM—Komandorsky; LAB—Labrador Sea.]()
![Locations of the extinct ridges evaluated in this study are shown on the vertical gravity gradient (VGG) grid of Sandwell et al. (2014). Well-defined (primary-tier) ridges are shown in red, controversial (secondary-tier) ridges in pink and poorly constrained (excluded) ridge locations shown in yellow. Active mid-ocean ridges are shown in light blue or in thick, orange lines where segments were assessed for comparison with extinct ridges. (A) Proposed extinct ridges in the Pacific Ocean and neighboring marginal basins (white labels): AD—Adare Trough; BA—Bauer; COC—Cocos; CRN—Carnegie; ELB—Ellice Basin; EMP—Emperor fracture zone; FRI—Friday; HUD—Hudson; GL—Gallego; GLP—Galapagos Rise; GUA—Guadalupe; HKT—Hokkaido Trough; KUL—Kula ridge; LIL—Liliuokalani ridge; MTH—Mathematician; MAG—Magellan Trough; MAP—Malpelo; MEN—Mendoza; MGD—Magdalena; MNH—Manihiki; MON—Monterey; NCT—Nova Canton Trough; NZC—Nazca propagator; OJ—Ontong Java; OSB—Osbourn; PEN—Penrhyn; SAN—Sandra; SEL—Selkirk; SHI—Shirley; TE—Tehuantepec; TO—Tongareva; WMG—West Magellan Trough. Marginal basin extinct ridges (pink labels): CAR—Caroline Basin ridge-jump (C10); CBW—Caroline Basin west ridge-jump (chron C11); CEL—Celebes; COR—Coral Sea; CT—Caroline Trough; DAM—Damar Basin; DMP—Dampier Ridge; GOM—Gulf of Mexico; KOM—Komanorsky; KT—Kilsgaard Trough; MAT—Mati; PAL—Palau; PVS—Parece Vela-Shikoku; SCS—South China Sea; SoJ—Sea of Japan; SRT—South Rennell Trough; SFB—South Fiji Basin; TAS—Tasman Sea; TH—Three Kings Ridge; WPH—West Philippine. Active ridges (orange labels): EAS—Easter microplate; EPR—East Pacific Rise; JDF—Juan de Fuca; JF—Juan Fernandez microplate; MT—Mariana Trough; NFB—North Fiji Basin; PAC-ANT—Pacific Antarctic ridge; RIV—Rivera. (B) Proposed extinct ridges in the Atlantic Ocean. Abbreviations: AB—Abimael Ridge; AG—Agulhas Ridge; ANG—Angolan Basin; BI—Bay of Biscay; LIG—Ligurian Basin; GRE—Grenada Basin; NF—North Falkland; SAO—Sao Paulo; VE—Vema microplate. Active ridge (orange label): S.MAR—Southern Mid-Atlantic ridge. (C) Proposed extinct ridges in the Indian Ocean. Abbreviations: BR—Bruce Rise; CON—Conrad–Del Cano; COS—South Conrad; CUV—Cuvier Abyssal Plain; DHR—Dirk Hartog Ridge; DIA—Diamantina fracture zone; EFE—Eighty Five East Ridge; END—Enderby Basin; GAS—Gascoyne Abyssal Plain; GOP—Gop Basin; GNT—Gonneville Triangle; LAX—Laxmi Basin; MAM—Mammerickx; MSC—Mascarene Basin; NTB—Northern Natal Basin; SON—Sonne Ridge; SOJ—Sonja Ridge; WA—Wallaby Ridge; Perth AP—Perth Abyssal Plain, four proposed placements (numbered 1–4); WH—Wharton Basin; WSB—West Somali Basin. Active ridges (orange labels): SEIR—Southeast Indian ridge; SWIR—Southwest Indian ridge. (D) Proposed extinct ridges in the Scotia Sea and neighboring marginal basins. Abbreviations: DOV—Dove Basin; JB—Jane Basin; PHX—Phoenix (Pacific Ocean); POW—Powell Basin; PR—Protector Ridge; WE—Weddell Sea; WSR—West Scotia Ridge. (E) Proposed extinct ridges in the Arctic. Abbreviations: AEG—Aegir Trough; BF—Baffin Bay; CAN—Canada Basin; KOM—Komandorsky; LAB—Labrador Sea.]()
RESULTS FOR
Agulhas Ridge
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1-20 OF 257 RESULTS FOR
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Image
Seismic line AWI-98006 immediately south of the Agulhas Ridge. The insert m... Available to Purchase
in Cenozoic oceanic circulation within the South African gateway: indications from seismic stratigraphy
> South African Journal of Geology
Published: 01 September 2007
Figure 3. Seismic line AWI-98006 immediately south of the Agulhas Ridge. The insert map shows the location of the line in white. Note the elongate drift. E= Late Eocene, O= Early Oligocene, M= Middle Miocene, P= Pliocene/Pleistocene.
Journal Article
Tectonic dissection and displacement of parts of Shona hotspot volcano 3500 km along the Agulhas-Falkland Fracture Zone Available to Purchase
K. Hoernle, A. Schwindrofska, R. Werner, P. van den Bogaard, F. Hauff, G. Uenzelmann-Neben, D. Garbe-Schönberg
Journal: Geology
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 01 April 2016
Geology (2016) 44 (4): 263–266.
... data from volcanic samples from Richardson Seamount, Agulhas Ridge along the Agulhas-Falkland Fracture Zone (AFFZ), and Meteor Rise. Six samples yielded ages of 83–72 Ma and are 10–30 m.y. younger than the underlying seafloor, indicating that they are not on-axis seamounts associated with seafloor...
FIGURES
Journal Article
Eocene to Miocene magnetostratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and chemostratigraphy at ODP Site 1090 (sub-Antarctic South Atlantic) Available to Purchase
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 01 May 2003
GSA Bulletin (2003) 115 (5): 607–623.
...J.E.T. Channell; S. Galeotti; E.E. Martin; K. Billups; H.D. Scher; J.S. Stoner Abstract At Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1090 (lat 42°54.8′S, long 8°54.0′E) located in a water depth of 3702 m on the Agulhas Ridge in the sub-Antarctic South Atlantic, ∼300 m of middle Eocene to middle Miocene...
FIGURES
Image
Map showing the bathymetry of the South African gateway ( Sandwell and Smit... Available to Purchase
in Cenozoic oceanic circulation within the South African gateway: indications from seismic stratigraphy
> South African Journal of Geology
Published: 01 September 2007
– Benguela Current BC. AB= Agulhas Bank, APa= Agulhas Passage, APl= Agulhas Plateau, AR= Agulhas Ridge, CB= Cape Basin, MB= Mozambique Basin, MR= Mozambique Ridge, NV= Natal Valley, TB= Transkei Basin, sAB= south Agulhas Basin, wAB= west Agulhas Basin.
Image
Seismic line AWI-98005 in the southern Cape Basin immediately north of the ... Available to Purchase
in Cenozoic oceanic circulation within the South African gateway: indications from seismic stratigraphy
> South African Journal of Geology
Published: 01 September 2007
Figure 2. Seismic line AWI-98005 in the southern Cape Basin immediately north of the Agulhas Ridge. The insert map shows the location of the line in white. Note the contourite sheet underneath the elongate drift. E= Late Eocene, O= Early Oligocene, M= Middle Miocene, P= Pliocene/Pleistocene.
Image
![Tectonic reconstructions after Nürnberg and Müller (1991) using GPlates 1.5 (http://www.gplates.org), taking into account the available magnetic data in the region (Appendix DR3 [see footnote 1]; Fig. 1). A: At 80 Ma, the originally combined Richardson-Meteor-Orcadas ocean island volcano began forming through interaction of the Shona plume with the Agulhas-Falkland Fracture Zone (AFFZ). The body of the original tadpole-shaped seamount consisted of Richardson (RG), Meteor (MG), and Orcadas (OG) guyots and the tail of Agulhas Ridge (AR) and the ridge extending westward from Orcadas guyot (see Fig. 1). B: By 60 Ma, the original Richardson Seamount had been displaced ∼1000 km along the AFFZ, due to formation of new seafloor along the Agulhas spreading center (ASC). The southern half of the guyot (MG + OG) and the combined Meteor–Islas Orcadas Rise (MR-IOR) were split into the Meteor and Orcadas guyots and rises, respectively, as a result of a jump in spreading from the ASC to southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) at 61 Ma. C: At 30 Ma, spreading along the southern MAR had separated the Meteor and Orcadas guyots an additional ∼1250 km. At present, the Meteor and Orcadas guyots are separated by ∼2500 km, resulting in a total displacement between the Richardson and Orcadas guyots of ∼3500 km. CRS—Cape Rise seamounts, MS—Meteor Seamounts, SH—Shona hotspot, SR—Shona Rise.](https://gsw.silverchair-cdn.com/gsw/Content_public/Journal/geology/44/4/10.1130_G37582.1/3/s_263fig3.jpeg?Expires=2147483647&Signature=L0wH4N0puzoTbFByQej4UJ8TFFmz8L1-GNd3umqYcvpZxvc1p95iX0aDfMEUNHMfGb4PwC6~isMwZrSGrFbimGqbPgIWmtnRsySy~3fzjinilhR5wdS18jIU6HW0DAz86ZYTZmGcYASpD7XoTxDwUwJkcx50YT5Jm6AbuSjG~3NXpltBzIJydJU~1yK2D-YfdZYiAvqHbCU7tbF2AtUmzzOItV-tTyZWycfAgrwLESKFyyrZ86-kEsrN8cVlgAlaH5Ie76t0nHRvihv2jXshu~-neoN27l4NDNIUCRFd4HGuHqG5nh2AOyUt3R99R1RjqkBDORRMd5DyqIIYGuRiuQ__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAIE5G5CRDK6RD3PGA)
Tectonic reconstructions after Nürnberg and Müller (1991) using GPlates 1... Available to Purchase
in Tectonic dissection and displacement of parts of Shona hotspot volcano 3500 km along the Agulhas-Falkland Fracture Zone
> Geology
Published: 01 April 2016
island volcano began forming through interaction of the Shona plume with the Agulhas-Falkland Fracture Zone (AFFZ). The body of the original tadpole-shaped seamount consisted of Richardson (RG), Meteor (MG), and Orcadas (OG) guyots and the tail of Agulhas Ridge (AR) and the ridge extending westward from
Image
A: Map of the Agulhas system, with the location of Walvis Ridge core 64PE-1... Available to Purchase
in Saline Indian Ocean waters invaded the South Atlantic thermocline during glacial termination II
> Geology
Published: 01 February 2015
Figure 1. A: Map of the Agulhas system, with the location of Walvis Ridge core 64PE-174P13 and other cores discussed in the text. Contoured sea-surface height anomalies (seasonal climatological mean; www.aviso.altimetry.fr ) indicate the transmission of Agulhas rings into the Atlantic Ocean. B–D
Image
A: Map showing the location of the proposed hotspots (HS) in the southernmo... Available to Purchase
in Tectonic dissection and displacement of parts of Shona hotspot volcano 3500 km along the Agulhas-Falkland Fracture Zone
> Geology
Published: 01 April 2016
guyots, Agulhas Ridge and fracture zone (FZ), and Meteor Rise. Ages highlighted in yellow are from this study and those in white are from O’Connor et al. (2012) . Small circles represent dredge sites: white and yellow—this study; black— O’Connor et al. (2012) . The base map is from GeoMapApp ( http
Journal Article
Cenozoic oceanic circulation within the South African gateway: indications from seismic stratigraphy Available to Purchase
Journal: South African Journal of Geology
Publisher: Geological Society of South Africa
Published: 01 September 2007
South African Journal of Geology (2007) 110 (2-3): 275–294.
...Figure 3. Seismic line AWI-98006 immediately south of the Agulhas Ridge. The insert map shows the location of the line in white. Note the elongate drift. E= Late Eocene, O= Early Oligocene, M= Middle Miocene, P= Pliocene/Pleistocene. ...
FIGURES
Image
![Initial (i) isotope correlation diagrams. A: (87Sr/86Sr)i versus (143Nd/144Nd)i. B: (Δ7/4Pb)i versus (143Nd/144Nd)i. C: (206Pb/204Pb)i versus (208Pb/204Pb)i. Data from Richardson and Meteor guyots, Agulhas Ridge, Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 703 on the central Meteor Rise and Shona anomaly on the southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge (SMAR) extend from the Gough domain of the Tristan-Gough hotspot to the field for Atlantic normal mid-oceanic ridge basalt (N-MORB). Fields for Gough and Tristan domains (Hoernle et al., 2015; Rohde et al., 2013a; Salters and Sachi-Kocher, 2010; GEOROC, http://georoc.mpch-mainz.gwdg.de/georoc/), Shona anomaly on the SMAR (Douglass et al., 1999), Atlantic N-MORB (PetDB, Petrological Database of the Ocean Floor; http://www.earthchem.org/petdb) and data from ODP Site 703 (Mueller et al., 1992) are shown for reference. The Gough domain comprises data from Gough Island, Gough guyot province, and Walvis Ridge; the Tristan domain comprises data from Tristan da Cunha, Tristan guyot province, and Deep Sea Drilling Project Sites 527 and 528 on Walvis Ridge. Initial isotopic compositions are calculated at 80 Ma for all data (further details about initial calculations are in Appendix DR3 and Fig. DR3 caption [see footnote 1]). Analytical errors of data (Appendix DR2; Table DR6) in these isotope diagrams are smaller than symbol size. EMI and EMII—enriched mantle one and two end members.](https://gsw.silverchair-cdn.com/gsw/Content_public/Journal/geology/44/4/10.1130_G37582.1/3/s_263fig2.jpeg?Expires=2147483647&Signature=JZ3OHhDzY3ON1rd7i7uUEqXopBKlzkatPRs6gwHltB8glEujIhFM5kGh3uhNDxZdJuwwQ3lHNWe6E1KpnQM84EBJVhgo7aYtMnAGXsiSNWpgYqtu25YWOVcF-cNu-vEzEzRugO3esZVOaM2venRHrQurcV8-v36FAUxSu2iuOeJN7uZvGuTWZ3B2U96Du9yCkvlTGHCdVE1lKjzM-dn7Kkon9zWenc56znxE8YiNdxhebjrJInBpPW6fv32m6~ozfzAH6k3YLsTxMYq2f~VJ3A5zK5AtROGsIonEI6bsQKpF0f2OZHhUG-60NCjG3q0Q5WDVUFCB04V6r3RhPSfkag__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAIE5G5CRDK6RD3PGA)
Initial ( i ) isotope correlation diagrams. A: ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr) i versus ( ... Available to Purchase
in Tectonic dissection and displacement of parts of Shona hotspot volcano 3500 km along the Agulhas-Falkland Fracture Zone
> Geology
Published: 01 April 2016
Figure 2. Initial ( i ) isotope correlation diagrams. A: ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr) i versus ( 143 Nd/ 144 Nd) i . B: (Δ7/4Pb) i versus ( 143 Nd/ 144 Nd) i . C: ( 206 Pb/ 204 Pb) i versus ( 208 Pb/ 204 Pb) i . Data from Richardson and Meteor guyots, Agulhas Ridge, Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 703
Image
Geological map showing the study area for the South Atlantic. The location ... Available to Purchase
in Tectonic dismemberment and plume-ridge interaction in the Sub-Antarctic South Atlantic Ocean Basin: Confirmation from in situ geochemical and Sr isotopic compositions of minerals
> GSA Bulletin
Published: 12 March 2024
), Georgia Basin (GB), Natal Valley (NV), Agulhas-Falkland Fracture Zone (AFFZ), Agulhas spreading ridge (AR), Mid-Atlantic spreading ridge (MAR), South American–Antarctic Ridge (SAR), Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR), and the Bouvet Triple Junction (BTJ).
Journal Article
Continental Margin Off Western Africa: Cape St. Francis (South Africa) to Walvis Ridge (South-West Africa) Available to Purchase
Journal: AAPG Bulletin
Publisher: American Association of Petroleum Geologists
Published: 01 January 1975
AAPG Bulletin (1975) 59 (1): 3–59.
... Ridge, undulating topography of the ocean floor in the western part of the Cape basin, swells on the upper continental rise, and the rough topography of the Agulhas Plateau were formed by the movement of the South Atlantic Bottom Water that enters Cape basin on the west side, flows along the southern...
FIGURES
Image
Submarine plateaus and ridges in the southwestern Indian Ocean illustrated ... Available to Purchase
in GROWTH AND DISPERSAL OF A SOUTHEAST AFRICAN LARGE IGNEOUS PROVINCE
> South African Journal of Geology
Published: 01 December 2011
Figure 1. Submarine plateaus and ridges in the southwestern Indian Ocean illustrated on a satellite-derived bathymetry map ( Smith and Sandwell, 1997 ) with locations of the deep crustal seismic profile AWI-20050300 across the southwestern Mozambique Ridge (MOZR) shown in this paper and related
Journal Article
Deep crustal structure of the sheared South African continental margin: first results of the Agulhas-Karoo Geoscience Transect Available to Purchase
Journal: South African Journal of Geology
Publisher: Geological Society of South Africa
Published: 01 September 2007
South African Journal of Geology (2007) 110 (2-3): 393–406.
.... Uppermost mantle velocities range from 7.8 to 8.0 km/s. The 52 km wide continent-ocean-transition zone, where the Moho rises steeply, occurs at the Agulhas-Falkland Fracture Zone. Beneath the Southern Outeniqua Basin and the Diaz Marginal Ridge, a zone of relatively low velocities (~5 km/s) with a thickness...
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Reconstruction model for formation of the southeast African LIP between 120... Available to Purchase
in GROWTH AND DISPERSAL OF A SOUTHEAST AFRICAN LARGE IGNEOUS PROVINCE
> South African Journal of Geology
Published: 01 December 2011
Figure 5. Reconstruction model for formation of the southeast African LIP between 120 and 100 Ma. Dark grey areas of Mozambique Ridge (MOZR), Agulhas Plateau (AP), North-East Georgia Rise (NEGR), Maud Rise (MR) and the northern Astrid Ridge (AR) are fully developed oceanic plateau LIPs, while
Journal Article
Saline Indian Ocean waters invaded the South Atlantic thermocline during glacial termination II Available to Purchase
Journal: Geology
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 01 February 2015
Geology (2015) 43 (2): 139–142.
...Figure 1. A: Map of the Agulhas system, with the location of Walvis Ridge core 64PE-174P13 and other cores discussed in the text. Contoured sea-surface height anomalies (seasonal climatological mean; www.aviso.altimetry.fr ) indicate the transmission of Agulhas rings into the Atlantic Ocean. B–D...
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( a ) Bathymetric map from the southwest Indian Ocean ( Smith and Sandwell,... Available to Purchase
in PALAEOCEANOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION OF A SEISMIC PROFILE FROM THE SOUTHERN MOZAMBIQUE RIDGE, SOUTHWESTERN INDIAN OCEAN
> South African Journal of Geology
Published: 01 December 2011
masses active in the South African gateway. AABW= Antarctic Bottom Water, AAIW= Antarctic Intermediate Water, AC= Agulhas Current, ACC= Antarctic Circumpolar Current, AP= Agulhas Plateau, AR= Astrid Ridge, MR= Maud Rise, MozR= Mozambique Ridge, NADW= North Atlantic Deep Water. ( b ) Salinity profile
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Purple = oceanic-type crust. Green = attenuated continental-type crust. Yel... Available to Purchase
Published: 01 June 2008
. Walvis Ridge and Agulhas Plateau are underlain by crustal roots having continental-type densities (though exact nature of crust is uncertain). Hence, using the term “attenuated continental crust” for the Walvis Ridge and Agulhas Plateau is not necessarily correct, but helps to denote the anomalous
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Locations of the extinct ridges evaluated in this study are shown on the ve... Open Access
Published: 01 June 2017
—Abimael Ridge; AG—Agulhas Ridge; ANG—Angolan Basin; BI—Bay of Biscay; LIG—Ligurian Basin; GRE—Grenada Basin; NF—North Falkland; SAO—Sao Paulo; VE—Vema microplate. Active ridge (orange label): S.MAR—Southern Mid-Atlantic ridge. (C) Proposed extinct ridges in the Indian Ocean. Abbreviations: BR—Bruce Rise
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Locations of the extinct ridges evaluated in this study are shown on the ve... Open Access
Published: 01 June 2017
—Abimael Ridge; AG—Agulhas Ridge; ANG—Angolan Basin; BI—Bay of Biscay; LIG—Ligurian Basin; GRE—Grenada Basin; NF—North Falkland; SAO—Sao Paulo; VE—Vema microplate. Active ridge (orange label): S.MAR—Southern Mid-Atlantic ridge. (C) Proposed extinct ridges in the Indian Ocean. Abbreviations: BR—Bruce Rise
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