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Acrocanthosaurus

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3-D volumetric reconstructions of Allosaurus MOR 693 (left) and Acrocanthosaurus NCSM 14345 (right) from the studies of Bates et al. (2009a,b). These studies produced a range of volumetric models but shown here are the initial “best estimate” reconstructions (A, B) and models with highly disproportionate trunk to hind limb volumes (C, D). This includes a comparison of Allosaurus MOR 693 with a relatively slender hind limb but large trunk against Acrocanthosaurus 14345 with a relatively muscular hind limb and emaciated trunk (C), and Allosaurus MOR 693 with a relatively muscular hind limb and emaciated trunk against Acrocanthosaurus NCSM 14345 with a relatively slender hind limb but large trunk (D). E, F, Reconstructed caudofemoralis longus musculature in Allosaurus MOR693 (E) and Acrocanthosaurus NCSM 14345 (F) in right lateral view.
Published: 01 June 2012
F igure 3. 3-D volumetric reconstructions of Allosaurus MOR 693 (left) and Acrocanthosaurus NCSM 14345 (right) from the studies of Bates et al. (2009a , b ). These studies produced a range of volumetric models but shown here are the initial “best estimate” reconstructions (A, B) and models
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Trunk center-of-mass (CM) predictions for allosauroids and selected coelurosaurs from computer generated volumetric models. The plausible range of trunk CM positions predicted for Allosaurus MOR 693 (A) and Acrocanthosaurus NCSM 14345 (B) are nearly identical and are closely clustered together in front and below the hip joint. C, Normalizing data using femoral length demonstrates that predictions for additional allosauroid taxa from other studies plot within the ranges for Allosaurus and Acrocanthosaurus, with the exception of Henderson and Snively's (2003) reconstruction of Acrocanthosaurus (see text for discussion). Overall this suggests the magnitude of soft tissue uncertainties means it is difficult to test the hypothesis of a CM shift within Allosauroidea. However, the cranial shift in CM predictions in coelosaurs (Tyrannosaurus, Struthiomimus) suggests it is possible to identify differences and trends across larger clades within Theropoda, despite this ambiguity in the size and geometry of soft tissues.
Published: 01 June 2012
F igure 6. Trunk center-of-mass (CM) predictions for allosauroids and selected coelurosaurs from computer generated volumetric models. The plausible range of trunk CM positions predicted for Allosaurus MOR 693 (A) and Acrocanthosaurus NCSM 14345 (B) are nearly identical and are closely clustered
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The relationship between hip joint angle and the summed muscle moment arms for hip extension (A) and flexion (B) normalized by femoral length for Allosaurus and Acrocanthosaurus. Negative hip joint angles represent hip flexion and positive angle extension along a sagittal plane corresponding to a hip abduction angle of 10°. Error bars of ±25% shown for Acrocanthosaurus data, corresponding to the approximate expected error prediction of Hutchinson et al. (2005).
Published: 01 June 2012
F igure 5. The relationship between hip joint angle and the summed muscle moment arms for hip extension (A) and flexion (B) normalized by femoral length for Allosaurus and Acrocanthosaurus. Negative hip joint angles represent hip flexion and positive angle extension along a sagittal plane
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Reconstruction of pelvic and femoral muscle origins and insertions in Allosaurus (A) and Acrocanthosaurus (B) on the basis of archosaurian muscle homologies and the extant phylogenetic bracket (EPB) of extant crocodilians and birds. 3-D musculoskeletal models (not to scale) of Allosaurus MOR 693 (C) and Acrocanthosaurus NCSM 14345 (D) used to estimate major hip muscle moment arms. Muscle origins, insertions, and 3-D paths for 24 pelvic and femoral muscles shown in A and B have been reconstructed around digitized pelvic, femoral, and shank (tibia, fibula) bones. See Supplementary Table 1 for muscle abbreviations.
Published: 01 June 2012
F igure 2. Reconstruction of pelvic and femoral muscle origins and insertions in Allosaurus (A) and Acrocanthosaurus (B) on the basis of archosaurian muscle homologies and the extant phylogenetic bracket (EPB) of extant crocodilians and birds. 3-D musculoskeletal models (not to scale
Journal Article
Journal: Paleobiology
Published: 01 June 2012
Paleobiology (2012) 38 (3): 486–507.
...F igure 3. 3-D volumetric reconstructions of Allosaurus MOR 693 (left) and Acrocanthosaurus NCSM 14345 (right) from the studies of Bates et al. (2009a , b ). These studies produced a range of volumetric models but shown here are the initial “best estimate” reconstructions (A, B) and models...
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Published: 01 June 2012
T able 2. Body mass (kg), bone, CFL, and limb segment volume (kg m −3 ) data for Acrocanthosaurus NCSM 14345.
Journal Article
Published: 29 August 2008
Geological Magazine (2008) 145 (6): 778–789.
... Formation, People’s Republic of China (60 km North of Chilantai, Nei Mongol Zizhiqu); ?Aptian–Albian or Upper Cretaceous. Hu (1964) suggested that Chilantaisaurus was more derived than Allosaurus ( Antrodemus ) and Acrocanthosaurus (and therefore later in geological age). This suggestion was mainly...
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Published: 01 June 2012
T able 3. Scaling of predicted CFL mass, limb segment soft tissue and overall “locomotor” muscle mass relative to a range of body mass estimates for Allosaurus MOR 693 and Acrocanthosaurus NCSM 14345 by Bates et al. (2009a , b ). Body masses and muscle masses used to calculate the scaling
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Normalized hip flexor-extensor moment arms for pelvic and femoral muscles in Allosaurus and Acrocanthosaurus across a range of hip joint angles. Positive hip joint angles and moment arms represent hip extension, and negative values flexion, and for size-independent comparison raw values have been normalized by femoral length. A hip joint value of 0° represents vertical femur. Muscle name abbreviations can be found in Supplementary Table 1.
Published: 01 June 2012
F igure 4. Normalized hip flexor-extensor moment arms for pelvic and femoral muscles in Allosaurus and Acrocanthosaurus across a range of hip joint angles. Positive hip joint angles and moment arms represent hip extension, and negative values flexion, and for size-independent comparison raw
Journal Article
Published: 01 June 1999
Journal of the Geological Society (1999) 156 (3): 449–452.
... of Acrocanthosaurus atokensis , its phylogenetic status, and paleobiogeographic implications, based on a new specimen from Texas Bulletin of the New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science 1998 13 1 75 Hutt S. Martill D.M. Barker M.J. The first European allosaurid dinosaur (Lower...
Journal Article
Published: 21 May 2013
Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (2013) 50 (6): 636–649.
... because it has also been used to support a relationship to the carcharodontosaurid Acrocanthosaurus ( Stovall and Langston 1950 ; Sereno et al. 1996 ). The articular surfaces of the centra are transversely much wider than tall in Sigilmassasaurus and Baryonyx ( Charig and Milner 1997...
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Journal Article
Published: 22 December 2022
Geological Magazine (2023) 160 (2): 355–360.
... . 2012 ) and Dromaeosaurus albertensis (Currie, 1995 ) but is also present in some carcharodontosaurians (e.g. Acrocanthosaurus atokensis , Currie & Carpenter, 2000 ). Tanaka et al . ( 2021 ) reported a fragment of a left maxilla of a large theropod from the Bissekty Formation, which...
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Journal Article
Published: 01 December 2000
Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (2000) 37 (12): 1735–1753.
... in Deinonychus and ornithomimids, but is significantly shorter in Acrocanthosaurus, Carnotaurus , and tyrannosaurids. Like other bones of the forelimbs, manual phalanges show a wide range of variability. Whereas the length of the second phalanx of the second finger is close to what would be expected...
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Journal Article
Published: 18 September 2018
Journal of Paleontology (2019) 93 (1): 157–172.
..., 1993 ) and Acrocanthosaurus (Currie and Carpenter, 2000 ), but slightly longer and much more slender than those for Torvosaurus (Hanson and Makovicky, 2013 ). In addition, in Acrocathosaurus (NCSM 14345) the digit I is significantly smaller, its length being only 64% the length...
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A, Stratigraphically calibrated phylogeny of Allosauroidea by Benson et al. (2010). Filled circles indicate Gondwanan taxa, and empty circles indicate Laurasian taxa. B, Left ilia of Allosaurus (left) and Mapusaurus (right) in lateral view. C, Pubes of Allosaurus (left) and Aerosteon (right) in lateral view. D, Cranial view of the left femora of Allosaurus (left), right femora (reversed) of Neovenator (center), and left proximal femora of Acrocanthosaurus (right). E, Cranial view of the right distal tibia (reversed) of Chilantaisaurus (reversed, left) and left distal tibia of Aerosteon (right). Abbreviations: ab, anterior blade; abm, anterior blade margin; asp, ascending process; ip, iliac ischial peduncle; fh, femoral head; lc, lateral condyle; ilp, iliac peduncle; isp, pubic ischial peduncle; meb, medial buttress; pan, preacetabular notch; pb, pubic boot; pob, posterior blade; pup, pubic peduncle; sac, supracetabular crest. Scale bars, 200 mm.
Published: 01 June 2012
(right) in lateral view. D, Cranial view of the left femora of Allosaurus (left), right femora (reversed) of Neovenator (center), and left proximal femora of Acrocanthosaurus (right). E, Cranial view of the right distal tibia (reversed) of Chilantaisaurus (reversed, left) and left distal tibia
Journal Article
Published: 09 July 2009
Geological Magazine (2010) 147 (1): 13–27.
... & Currie ( 1993 , fig. 3b), the ventral surface of the intercentrum is inclined anterodorsally relative to the ventral surface of the axis, such that the two form an oblique angle. A gentle inflection, similar to that in Monolophosaurus , is also present in some allosauroids (e.g. Acrocanthosaurus...
Journal Article
Published: 01 January 2016
Journal of Paleontology (2016) 90 (1): 102–132.
... ), who noted the presence of Sonorasaurus , fish, turtles, crocodilians, nodosaurids, a claw referred to cf. Deinonychus , a tooth referred to cf. Acrocanthosaurus , and ornithopod femora that closely resemble that of Tenontosaurus (see also Galton and Jensen, 1979 ). Previous to these reviews...
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Journal Article
Published: 07 December 2020
Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (2021) 58 (9): 731–740.
... in acquiring for the museum the largest (11.5 m long) and most complete skeleton known of the Early Cretaceous theropod Acrocanthosaurus Stovall and Langson, 1950 ( Currie and Carpenter 2000 ), as well as the Thescelosaurus Gilmore, 1913 “Willo”, known for what was described as the soft tissue...
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Journal Article
Published: 26 January 2021
Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (2021) 58 (9): 812–828.
.... , Henderson , D.M. , and Phillips , D.S. 2006 . Fused and vaulted nasals of tyrannosaurid dinosaurs: Implications for cranial strength and feeding mechanics . Acta Palaeontologica Polonica , 51 : 435 – 454 . Stovall , J.W. , and Langston , W. , Jr. 1950 . Acrocanthosaurus...
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Journal Article
Published: 01 November 2006
Geological Magazine (2006) 143 (6): 905–921.
... (Callovian, Argentina: Bonaparte, 1986 ) and Baryonyx (Barremian, England, Charig & Milner, 1997 ), the allosauroids Allosaurus (Fig. 4 , ?Kimmeridgian, USA: Osborn, 1912 ; Madsen, 1976 ) and Acrocanthosaurus (?Aptian, U.S.A: Stovall & Langston, 1950 ; Currie & Carpenter, 2000...
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