Abstract Precise leveling by the Coast and Geodetic Survey in 1918, 1933, 1935, and 1955 indicates that the land surface has subsided as much as 4 inches in the Savannah area. Most of the subsidence has taken place since 1933. Ground-water withdrawals from the Ocala and associated limestones of Eocene to Miocene age increased gradually from a rate of 7 mgd (million gallons per day) in 1888 to 23 mgd in 1936, but then nearly tripled to 57 mgd by 1955. The artesian pressure of the confined limestone aquifer has declined sharply in response to the greatly increased withdrawal since 1936. The pressure head declined about 40 feet in the 37 years before 1933, and as much as 100 feet more in the 22 years from 1933 through 1955. If it is postulated that the artesian pressure supports part of the load of the confining bed and overlying deposits, the decrease in artesian head has been accompanied by an increase of effective stress on the aquifer rock. In support of this postulate, the area affected by subsidence corresponds closely with the area of large decline in head, and most of the subsidence occurred during the period of rapid head decline from 1936 to 1955. This close agreement in time of occurrence and areal extent indicates that the decline of artesian head is a major, if not the principal, cause of land subsidence in the Savannah area.

Abstract In March 1936, Phillips began fieldwork for his next project, ‘A fabric study of some Moine Schists and associated rocks’ ( Phillips 1937 b ). This was based on a collection of ‘about 200 orientated specimens, 144 with accompanying field data’ from an area lying mainly north of Glen Moriston and NW of Glen Mor (Glenmore-nan-Albin), the 97 km long depression which forms the ‘Great Glen’ of Scotland (Fig. 5.2 ). He completed the work amazingly quickly - in less than a year, he submitted the manuscript to the Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society. It was sent to Read (who was by then George Herdman Professor of Geology at the University of Liverpool, following his appointment in 1931) for review on 17 March 1937. It is almost certain that this manuscript also formed the basis for Phillips’ Sedgwick Prize submission. It was announced in the University Reporter of 2 March 1937 (G. Waller, pers. comm. 1998), that the prize had been jointly awarded to Phillips and to the geophysicist (Sir) Edward Crisp Bullard (1907-1980). 145 Sander had already made a plea that ‘there ought not to be microtectonists and megatectonists working independently of each other, but rather one group of workers investigating the correlations between process in large and small units’ ( Sander 1934 , p. 37). For his part, Phillips (1937 b , p. 584) stated that ‘any attempt to make fabric studies a substitute for fieldwork, rather than a valuable auxiliary in the course of the subsequent work in the laboratory, is thoroughly deplored’.

Abstract The West Bernard area is in northern Wharton County, Texas, 60 mi west of Houston. It encompasses approximately 120 sq mi and includes eight gas fields. Total gas reserve (502 billion cu ft) is mostly in two fields—West Bernard, in which the structure is a large, low-relief Yegua anticline, and Spanish Camp, in which the structure is a prominent Miocene anticline. The most important and outstanding structural element is a Frio-Vicksburg isopachal anticline which covers the entire area. Stratigraphy is a major factor in effecting accumulation, particularly in the formation of many small pools. The most interesting and important stratigraphic feature is the West Bernard field Clodine (Yegua) sandstone bar, which contains approximately one-tenth of the area's gas reserves. Gas first was discovered in December 1936 in Miocene sandstone at Spanish Camp field. East Bernard field, which first produced from the Yegua, was discovered in May 1940. West Bernard field, which contains most of the Yegua reserves, was found in 1947. The small South Lissie field is the most recent discovery (May 1958). Total daily production from the area is 37 million cu ft of gas and 110 bbls of condensate. The condensate and half of the gas are derived from the Yegua, and the remaining (dry) gas is obtained from Miocene sandstone and from the Frio. Oil has not been found in commercial quantities, but a few wells did penetrate very thin oil columns.