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-
deuterium (3)
-
-
isotope ratios (88)
-
isotopes
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radioactive isotopes
-
Be-10 (1)
-
C-14 (7)
-
K-40 (1)
-
Pa-231 (1)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (3)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (2)
-
Pb-210 (2)
-
Ra-226 (2)
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (2)
-
Re-187/Os-188 (1)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (4)
-
U-238/U-235 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
Al-27 (1)
-
Ar-40 (1)
-
B-11/B-10 (1)
-
C-13/C-12 (43)
-
Ca-44 (1)
-
Cu-65 (1)
-
D/H (13)
-
deuterium (3)
-
Fe-57/Fe-54 (1)
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He-4/He-3 (3)
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (4)
-
Li-7/Li-6 (1)
-
N-15/N-14 (4)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (13)
-
O-18/O-16 (39)
-
Os-188/Os-187 (2)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (3)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (2)
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (2)
-
Re-187/Os-188 (1)
-
S-34/S-32 (16)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (4)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (22)
-
-
-
Lu/Hf (3)
-
metals
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actinides
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protactinium
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Pa-231 (1)
-
-
uranium
-
U-238/U-235 (1)
-
-
-
alkali metals
-
lithium
-
Li-7/Li-6 (1)
-
-
potassium
-
K-40 (1)
-
-
rubidium
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (2)
-
-
-
alkaline earth metals
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barium
-
Ba/Ca (1)
-
-
beryllium
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Be-10 (1)
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-
calcium
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Ba/Ca (1)
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Ca-44 (1)
-
Mg/Ca (4)
-
Sr/Ca (1)
-
-
magnesium
-
Mg/Ca (4)
-
-
radium
-
Ra-226 (2)
-
-
strontium
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (2)
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Sr/Ca (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (22)
-
-
-
aluminum
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Al-27 (1)
-
-
antimony (1)
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arsenic (10)
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chromium (3)
-
cobalt (3)
-
copper
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Cu-65 (1)
-
-
gold (7)
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (4)
-
-
iron
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Fe-57/Fe-54 (1)
-
-
lead
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (3)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (2)
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Pb-210 (2)
-
-
molybdenum (1)
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nickel (2)
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niobium (1)
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platinum group
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iridium (2)
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osmium
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Os-188/Os-187 (2)
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Re-187/Os-188 (1)
-
-
palladium (1)
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platinum (2)
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platinum ores (3)
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precious metals (3)
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rare earths
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cerium (3)
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dysprosium (1)
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lanthanum (1)
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lutetium (1)
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (13)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (4)
-
-
samarium
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (4)
-
-
ytterbium (2)
-
-
rhenium
-
Re-187/Os-188 (1)
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-
silver (1)
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tin (2)
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titanium (1)
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tungsten (3)
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zinc (2)
-
-
nitrogen
-
N-15/N-14 (4)
-
-
noble gases
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argon
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Ar-40 (1)
-
-
helium
-
He-4/He-3 (3)
-
-
radon (2)
-
-
oxygen
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O-18/O-16 (39)
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-
phosphorus (1)
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sulfur
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S-34/S-32 (16)
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-
trace metals (3)
-
-
fossils
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Archaea (1)
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burrows (4)
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Chordata
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Vertebrata
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Pisces
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Osteichthyes
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Sarcopterygii
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Dipnoi (1)
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-
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Placodermi (1)
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Tetrapoda
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Mammalia
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Theria
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Eutheria
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Carnivora
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Fissipeda
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Mustelidae (1)
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-
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Primates
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Hominidae
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Homo (1)
-
-
-
Proboscidea
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Mastodontoidea
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Mammutidae (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Reptilia
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Anapsida
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Testudines
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Testudinidae (1)
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Diapsida
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Archosauria
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Crocodilia
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Eusuchia
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Crocodylidae (1)
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Teleosauridae (1)
-
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dinosaurs
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Ornithischia
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Ornithopoda (1)
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-
Saurischia
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Sauropodomorpha
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Prosauropoda (1)
-
-
-
-
Pterosauria (1)
-
-
Ichthyosauria (1)
-
-
Synapsida
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Therapsida
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Dicynodontia (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
coprolites (1)
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cyanobacteria (2)
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fungi (1)
-
Graptolithina
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Graptoloidea
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Monograptina
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Monograptus
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Monograptus uniformis (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Hemichordata (2)
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ichnofossils
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Nereites (1)
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Planolites (1)
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Zoophycos (1)
-
-
Invertebrata
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Arthropoda
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Mandibulata
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Crustacea
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Branchiopoda (1)
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Malacostraca (5)
-
Ostracoda
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Podocopida
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Platycopida
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Cytherellidae
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Cytherelloidea (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Insecta
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Pterygota
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Neoptera
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Endopterygota
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Diptera (1)
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Hymenoptera (2)
-
-
Exopterygota
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Hemiptera (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Myriapoda (1)
-
-
Trilobitomorpha
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Trilobita
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Corynexochida (1)
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Phacopida
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Phacopina (1)
-
-
Redlichiida (2)
-
-
-
-
Brachiopoda
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Articulata
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Orthida (1)
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Productida (1)
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Rhynchonellida (1)
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Strophomenida (1)
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Terebratulida (1)
-
-
Inarticulata
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Lingula (1)
-
-
-
Bryozoa (2)
-
Cnidaria
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Anthozoa
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Zoantharia
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Rugosa (1)
-
Scleractinia
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Porites (1)
-
-
-
-
Hydrozoa (2)
-
-
Mollusca
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Bivalvia
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Heterodonta
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Veneroida
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Cardiidae (1)
-
Tridacna (1)
-
-
-
Palaeoheterodonta
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Trigoniidae (1)
-
-
Pholadomyoida (1)
-
Pterioida
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Pteriina
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Pectinacea (1)
-
-
-
-
Cephalopoda
-
Ammonoidea
-
Goniatitida
-
Goniatitidae
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Goniatites (1)
-
-
-
-
Nautiloidea
-
Nautilus (3)
-
-
-
Gastropoda
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Archaeogastropoda (1)
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Prosobranchia (1)
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Turritellidae (1)
-
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Hyolithes (1)
-
Tentaculitida
-
Tentaculitidae
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Tentaculites (2)
-
-
-
-
Porifera
-
Calcarea
-
Sphinctozoa (2)
-
-
Demospongea (2)
-
Hexactinellida (1)
-
-
Protista
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Foraminifera
-
Fusulinina
-
Fusulinidae (2)
-
-
Rotaliina
-
Cassidulinacea
-
Anomalinidae
-
Cibicidoides
-
Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi (1)
-
-
-
-
Globigerinacea
-
Globigerinidae
-
Globigerinoides
-
Globigerinoides ruber (3)
-
-
Orbulina (1)
-
Sphaeroidinella
-
Sphaeroidinella dehiscens (1)
-
-
-
Globorotaliidae
-
Globorotalia
-
Globorotalia menardii (3)
-
-
-
Neogloboquadrina
-
Neogloboquadrina dutertrei (2)
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Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (1)
-
-
-
Orbitoidacea
-
Amphistegina (1)
-
Lepidocyclina (1)
-
Nephrolepidina (1)
-
-
Rotaliacea
-
Rotalia (1)
-
-
-
-
Radiolaria
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Spumellina (1)
-
-
-
Vermes
-
Priapulida (4)
-
-
-
Metazoa (3)
-
microfossils
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Conodonta
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Hindeodus (1)
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Polygnathus (1)
-
-
Fusulinina
-
Fusulinidae (2)
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-
problematic microfossils (1)
-
-
palynomorphs
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acritarchs (1)
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Dinoflagellata (1)
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miospores
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pollen (5)
-
-
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Plantae
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algae
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nannofossils (3)
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Rhodophyta
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Corallinaceae (1)
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Pteridophyta (1)
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Spermatophyta
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Angiospermae (2)
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Gymnospermae
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Coniferales
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Pinaceae
-
Pinus (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
problematic fossils
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problematic microfossils (1)
-
-
thallophytes (3)
-
tracks (1)
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trails (1)
-
-
geochronology methods
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(U-Th)/He (3)
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Ar/Ar (16)
-
fission-track dating (12)
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K/Ar (9)
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Lu/Hf (3)
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optical mineralogy (1)
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optically stimulated luminescence (3)
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paleomagnetism (14)
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Pb/Pb (2)
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Rb/Sr (2)
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Re/Os (3)
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Sm/Nd (3)
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tephrochronology (5)
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Th/U (3)
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thermochronology (6)
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thermoluminescence (1)
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U/Pb (39)
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U/Th/Pb (1)
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uranium disequilibrium (4)
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geologic age
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Cenozoic
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Quaternary
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Holocene
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lower Holocene (1)
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middle Holocene (1)
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Pleistocene
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Bandelier Tuff (1)
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Bishop Tuff (1)
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lower Pleistocene
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Gelasian (1)
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Matuyama Chron (1)
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middle Pleistocene (2)
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upper Pleistocene
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Weichselian
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upper Weichselian
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Bolling (1)
-
-
-
Wisconsinan (1)
-
-
-
upper Quaternary
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Brunhes Chron (2)
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-
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Tertiary
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lower Tertiary (4)
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middle Tertiary (1)
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Neogene
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Miocene
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lower Miocene
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Burdigalian (1)
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middle Miocene (7)
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upper Miocene
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Tortonian (3)
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-
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Pliocene
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lower Pliocene (1)
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middle Pliocene (2)
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upper Neogene (1)
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Paleogene
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Eocene
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middle Eocene
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Claiborne Group (1)
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upper Eocene (5)
-
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Oligocene
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lower Oligocene (2)
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middle Oligocene (1)
-
upper Oligocene (4)
-
-
Paleocene (1)
-
-
Shahejie Formation (1)
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Zambales Ophiolite (2)
-
-
upper Cenozoic
-
Pico Formation (1)
-
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
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Comanchean
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Travis Peak Formation (1)
-
-
Lower Cretaceous
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Travis Peak Formation (1)
-
-
Tananao Schist (2)
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Upper Cretaceous
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Maestrichtian (1)
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Senonian (1)
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-
-
Jurassic
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Lower Jurassic
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lower Liassic (1)
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Sinemurian (1)
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Middle Jurassic
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Aalenian (1)
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Upper Jurassic (3)
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lower Mesozoic (1)
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Triassic
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Hawkesbury Sandstone (1)
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Lower Triassic
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Griesbachian (1)
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Induan (2)
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Olenekian (2)
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Permian-Triassic boundary (11)
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Spathian (1)
-
-
Middle Triassic
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Anisian (8)
-
-
Upper Triassic (3)
-
-
upper Mesozoic (1)
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Yanshanian (3)
-
-
Paleozoic
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Cambrian
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Lower Cambrian
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Atdabanian (1)
-
-
Middle Cambrian
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Burgess Shale (3)
-
Wheeler Formation (2)
-
-
Pioche Shale (1)
-
Upper Cambrian
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Furongian (2)
-
-
-
Carboniferous
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Lower Carboniferous
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Dinantian (3)
-
-
Mississippian
-
Middle Mississippian
-
Visean (2)
-
-
-
Namurian (2)
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Middle Pennsylvanian
-
Kanawha Formation (1)
-
-
-
Upper Carboniferous (2)
-
-
Devonian
-
Lower Devonian
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Emsian (4)
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Pragian (3)
-
-
Middle Devonian
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Eifelian (2)
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Givetian (3)
-
-
Upper Devonian
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Famennian (4)
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Frasnian (2)
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Kellwasser event (1)
-
-
-
lower Paleozoic (1)
-
Ordovician
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Middle Ordovician (1)
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Trenton Group (1)
-
Upper Ordovician
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Trentonian (1)
-
-
-
Permian
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Guadalupian (5)
-
Longtan Formation (3)
-
Lower Permian
-
Cisuralian
-
Artinskian (1)
-
Kungurian (3)
-
-
Leonardian (2)
-
Qixia Formation (2)
-
-
Maokou Formation (9)
-
Middle Permian (2)
-
Upper Permian
-
Changxing Formation (6)
-
Lopingian
-
Changhsingian (6)
-
Wuchiapingian (1)
-
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (11)
-
-
-
Phuket Group (1)
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian
-
Llandovery
-
Telychian (1)
-
-
Wenlock (2)
-
-
Upper Silurian
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Ludlow (2)
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Pridoli (1)
-
-
-
upper Paleozoic (3)
-
-
Phanerozoic (2)
-
Precambrian
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Archean
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Paleoarchean (1)
-
-
upper Precambrian
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Proterozoic
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Mesoproterozoic (1)
-
Neoproterozoic
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Cryogenian (2)
-
Doushantuo Formation (1)
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Marinoan (2)
-
Nantuo Formation (2)
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Sturtian (1)
-
-
Paleoproterozoic (4)
-
Sinian
-
Doushantuo Formation (1)
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Nantuo Formation (2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
igneous rocks
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igneous rocks
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plutonic rocks
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diabase (2)
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diorites
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quartz diorites (1)
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gabbros
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norite (1)
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granites
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adamellite (1)
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aplite (2)
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A-type granites (1)
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biotite granite (2)
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felsite (1)
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I-type granites (3)
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leucogranite (1)
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S-type granites (4)
-
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granodiorites (2)
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lamprophyres (1)
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monzonites (1)
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pegmatite (4)
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quartz monzonite (1)
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syenites (4)
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ultramafics
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chromitite (1)
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peridotites
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harzburgite (1)
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lherzolite (1)
-
-
-
-
porphyry (15)
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volcanic rocks
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adakites (4)
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andesites (8)
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basalts
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alkali basalts (3)
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flood basalts (3)
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mid-ocean ridge basalts (3)
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shoshonite (2)
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tholeiite (2)
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tholeiitic basalt (1)
-
-
basanite (1)
-
dacites (5)
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glasses
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obsidian (1)
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volcanic glass (5)
-
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komatiite (1)
-
pyroclastics
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ash-flow tuff (2)
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ignimbrite (4)
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pumice (5)
-
tuff (12)
-
-
rhyolites (8)
-
-
-
ophiolite (20)
-
volcanic ash (8)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
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amphibolites (3)
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cataclasites (1)
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eclogite (1)
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gneisses
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orthogneiss (1)
-
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granulites (2)
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marbles (6)
-
metaigneous rocks
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metabasalt (1)
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metadiabase (1)
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serpentinite (5)
-
-
metasedimentary rocks (5)
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metasomatic rocks
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greisen (3)
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serpentinite (5)
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skarn (16)
-
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metavolcanic rocks (2)
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migmatites (1)
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mylonites
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pseudotachylite (2)
-
-
schists
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blueschist (3)
-
-
slates (2)
-
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ophiolite (20)
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turbidite (13)
-
-
meteorites
-
meteorites
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stony meteorites
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chondrites
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ordinary chondrites
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L chondrites (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
minerals
-
alloys (1)
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arsenates (1)
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arsenides
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arsenopyrite (1)
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lollingite (1)
-
-
carbonates
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azurite (1)
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calcite (5)
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dolomite (1)
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siderite (1)
-
-
halides
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chlorides
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carnallite (1)
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halite (2)
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sylvite (1)
-
-
fluorides
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topaz (1)
-
-
-
hydrates (5)
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iron minerals (1)
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minerals (15)
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native elements
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diamond (2)
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graphite (1)
-
-
organic minerals
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amber (1)
-
-
oxides
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cassiterite (8)
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chromite (2)
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corundum (6)
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cuprite (1)
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diaspore (1)
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gahnite (1)
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goethite (3)
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-
hydroxides
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oxyhydroxides (2)
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ilmenite (2)
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iron oxides (5)
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manganese oxides (1)
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niobates
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aeschynite (1)
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rutile (3)
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sapphire (6)
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spinel (6)
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titanium oxides (1)
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todorokite (1)
-
-
phosphates
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apatite (8)
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fluorapatite (4)
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monazite (5)
-
-
silicates
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-
chain silicates
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aenigmatite group
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sapphirine (2)
-
-
amphibole group
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clinoamphibole
-
hornblende (3)
-
-
-
prehnite (1)
-
pyroxene group
-
clinopyroxene
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augite (1)
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diopside (1)
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fassaite (1)
-
-
orthopyroxene
-
enstatite (1)
-
-
-
-
framework silicates
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feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
orthoclase (1)
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sanidine (2)
-
-
plagioclase
-
albite (1)
-
-
-
nepheline group
-
nepheline (1)
-
-
silica minerals
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coesite (1)
-
quartz (7)
-
-
zeolite group
-
wairakite (1)
-
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
garnet group
-
andradite (1)
-
grossular (1)
-
pyrope (1)
-
-
olivine group
-
olivine (3)
-
-
titanite group
-
titanite (1)
-
-
topaz (1)
-
zircon group
-
coffinite (1)
-
zircon (46)
-
-
-
sorosilicates
-
chevkinite group
-
chevkinite (2)
-
-
epidote group
-
allanite (3)
-
epidote (2)
-
-
pumpellyite group
-
pumpellyite (1)
-
-
-
-
ring silicates
-
beryl (1)
-
tourmaline group (3)
-
-
sheet silicates
-
chlorite group
-
chlorite (8)
-
-
clay minerals
-
beidellite (3)
-
dickite (3)
-
halloysite (4)
-
kaolinite (16)
-
montmorillonite (3)
-
nacrite (2)
-
nontronite (1)
-
saponite (1)
-
smectite (15)
-
vermiculite (6)
-
-
illite (9)
-
mica group
-
biotite (4)
-
lepidolite (1)
-
muscovite (3)
-
phlogopite (1)
-
-
palygorskite (1)
-
pyrophyllite (1)
-
sepiolite (1)
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serpentine group
-
berthierine (1)
-
-
talc (2)
-
-
-
sulfates
-
alunite (2)
-
anhydrite (3)
-
brochantite (1)
-
-
sulfides
-
arsenopyrite (1)
-
bornite (2)
-
chalcocite (1)
-
chalcopyrite (4)
-
covellite (1)
-
molybdenite (2)
-
pyrite (9)
-
pyrrhotite (3)
-
-
sulfosalts
-
sulfarsenates
-
enargite (4)
-
-
sulfarsenites
-
tennantite (1)
-
-
-
tellurides
-
calaverite (1)
-
hessite (1)
-
-
tungstates
-
wolframite (4)
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-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (81)
-
academic institutions (1)
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Africa
-
Central Africa
-
Congo (1)
-
-
East Africa
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Ethiopia (2)
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Kenya (2)
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Tanzania
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Zanzibar (1)
-
-
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Madagascar (1)
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North Africa
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Algeria (1)
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Morocco (1)
-
-
Southern Africa
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Botswana
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Okavango Delta (1)
-
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South Africa
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Bushveld Complex (1)
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Transvaal region (1)
-
-
-
West Africa
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Ghana (1)
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Nigeria
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Niger Delta (2)
-
-
-
-
Antarctica (3)
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Arctic Ocean (1)
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Arctic region
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Greenland
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Greenland ice sheet (1)
-
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Svalbard
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Spitsbergen (1)
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-
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Asia
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Altai Mountains
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Mongolian Altai (1)
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Arabian Peninsula
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Oman (3)
-
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Brahmaputra River (1)
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Central Asia
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Pamirs (1)
-
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Far East
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Borneo
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Brunei (20)
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East Malaysia
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Sabah Malaysia
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Darvel Bay (1)
-
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Sarawak Malaysia (21)
-
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Kalimantan Indonesia
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Mahakam Delta (1)
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-
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Burma (12)
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Cambodia (12)
-
China
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Altyn Tagh Fault (1)
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Anhui China (1)
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Bohaiwan Basin (2)
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Dachang Deposit (1)
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Dongpu Depression (1)
-
Fujian China (6)
-
Guangdong China
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Guangzhou China (1)
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Leizhou Peninsula (1)
-
Zhujiang River (3)
-
-
Guangxi China (52)
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Guizhou China (14)
-
Hainan China (9)
-
Hebei China
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Beijing China (1)
-
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Hong Kong (68)
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Hubei China (7)
-
Hunan China (4)
-
Inner Mongolia China
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Erlian Basin (1)
-
-
Jiangxi China (3)
-
Kunlun Fault (1)
-
Liaoning China
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Haicheng China (1)
-
Liaohe Field (1)
-
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Nanling (2)
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Nanpanjiang Basin (13)
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Ordos Basin (1)
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Qaidam Basin (2)
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Shanghai China (1)
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Sichuan Basin (2)
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Sichuan China
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Wenchuan China (1)
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Songliao Basin (1)
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South China Block (11)
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Xinjiang China
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Junggar Basin (1)
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Tarim Basin (2)
-
-
Xisha Islands (2)
-
Xizang China
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Lhasa Block (1)
-
-
Yangtze Platform (6)
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Yangtze River (2)
-
Yunnan China
-
Ailao Shan (7)
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Chengjiang China (11)
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Jinning China (3)
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Kunming China (12)
-
Lufeng China (3)
-
-
-
Indochina (4)
-
Indonesia
-
Bali (1)
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Billiton (1)
-
Celebes (3)
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Irian Jaya Indonesia (1)
-
Java (7)
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Kalimantan Indonesia
-
Mahakam Delta (1)
-
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Sumatra
-
Toba Lake (7)
-
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Sunda Arc (1)
-
-
Japan
-
Hokkaido
-
Tokachi (1)
-
-
Honshu
-
Asama (1)
-
Chiba Japan (2)
-
Fukushima Japan
-
Bandai (1)
-
-
Hyogo Japan
-
Kobe Japan (1)
-
-
Iwate Japan
-
Kakkonda Field (1)
-
Onikobe Field (1)
-
-
Osaka Japan (1)
-
Tokyo Japan (2)
-
-
Koma-ga-take (1)
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Kyushu (2)
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Ryukyu Islands (1)
-
-
Korea
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South Korea
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Seoul South Korea (1)
-
-
-
Laos (8)
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Lesser Sunda Islands
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Bali (1)
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Timor (1)
-
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Luzon Arc (3)
-
Malay Peninsula
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West Malaysia
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Johore Malaysia (4)
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Langkawi Islands (2)
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Pahang Malaysia (2)
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Perak Malaysia
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Kinta Valley (1)
-
-
Selangor Malaysia
-
Kuala Lumpur Malaysia (3)
-
-
-
-
Malaysia
-
East Malaysia
-
Sabah Malaysia
-
Darvel Bay (1)
-
-
Sarawak Malaysia (21)
-
-
West Malaysia
-
Johore Malaysia (4)
-
Langkawi Islands (2)
-
Pahang Malaysia (2)
-
Perak Malaysia
-
Kinta Valley (1)
-
-
Selangor Malaysia
-
Kuala Lumpur Malaysia (3)
-
-
-
-
Mongolia
-
Mongolian Altai (1)
-
-
Philippine Islands
-
Cebu Philippine Islands (3)
-
Luzon
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Bataan Philippine Islands (3)
-
Mount Pinatubo (26)
-
Taal (3)
-
-
Marinduque Philippine Islands (1)
-
Mindoro (6)
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Palawan (10)
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Panay Island (1)
-
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Singapore (12)
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Taiwan
-
Chelungpu Fault (17)
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Hengchun Peninsula (1)
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Peikang Taiwan (1)
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Penghu Islands (4)
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Tainan Taiwan (2)
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Taipei Basin (7)
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Taipei Taiwan (8)
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Taiwanese Central Range (7)
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Taiwanese Coastal Range (5)
-
-
Thailand
-
Bangkok Thailand (7)
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Chao Phraya River (1)
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Chiang Mai Thailand (1)
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Khorat Plateau (6)
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Lampang Thailand (2)
-
-
Vietnam
-
Mekong Delta (6)
-
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Ganges River (1)
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Gobi Desert (1)
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Himalayas (5)
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Indian Peninsula
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Afghanistan (5)
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Bangladesh (6)
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Bengal (2)
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India
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Bengal Islands
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Andaman Islands (31)
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Nicobar Islands (6)
-
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Northeastern India
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Manipur India (1)
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Nagaland India (1)
-
-
West Bengal India (1)
-
-
Nepal (3)
-
Pakistan
-
Punjab Pakistan
-
Salt Range (1)
-
-
-
-
Kamchatka Russian Federation (1)
-
Karakoram (1)
-
Main Boundary Fault (1)
-
Mekong River (3)
-
Middle East
-
-