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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Asia
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Far East
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Indonesia
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Sumatra
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Toba Lake (9)
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Philippine Islands
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Luzon
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Mount Pinatubo (1)
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Indian Peninsula
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India
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Deccan Plateau (1)
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Maharashtra India (1)
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Indian Ocean (1)
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Pacific Ocean
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North Pacific
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Northwest Pacific
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South China Sea (2)
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West Pacific
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Northwest Pacific
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South China Sea (2)
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United States
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California
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Mono County California
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Long Valley Caldera (1)
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elements, isotopes
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sulfur (2)
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geochronology methods
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Ar/Ar (2)
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paleomagnetism (1)
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tephrochronology (2)
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geologic age
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Cenozoic
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Quaternary
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Pleistocene
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Bandelier Tuff (1)
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Matuyama Chron (1)
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upper Pleistocene (2)
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upper Quaternary
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Brunhes Chron (1)
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Stone Age
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Paleolithic
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Acheulian (1)
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Tertiary
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Neogene
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Miocene
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Columbia River Basalt Group (1)
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upper Cenozoic (1)
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igneous rocks
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igneous rocks
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volcanic rocks
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basalts
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flood basalts (1)
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glasses
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volcanic glass (2)
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pyroclastics
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ash-flow tuff (1)
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ignimbrite (1)
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pumice (1)
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rhyolite tuff (1)
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tuff (2)
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volcanic ash (3)
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minerals
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silicates
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chain silicates
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amphibole group
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clinoamphibole
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hornblende (1)
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framework silicates
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feldspar group
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alkali feldspar
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sanidine (1)
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plagioclase (1)
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silica minerals
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quartz (1)
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sheet silicates
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mica group
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biotite (2)
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sulfates (1)
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Primary terms
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absolute age (2)
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Asia
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Far East
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Indonesia
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Sumatra
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Toba Lake (9)
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-
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Philippine Islands
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Luzon
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Mount Pinatubo (1)
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Indian Peninsula
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India
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Deccan Plateau (1)
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Maharashtra India (1)
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atmosphere (2)
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Cenozoic
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Quaternary
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Pleistocene
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Bandelier Tuff (1)
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Matuyama Chron (1)
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upper Pleistocene (2)
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upper Quaternary
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Brunhes Chron (1)
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Stone Age
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Paleolithic
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Acheulian (1)
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Tertiary
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Neogene
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Miocene
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Columbia River Basalt Group (1)
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upper Cenozoic (1)
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climate change (2)
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crystal growth (2)
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Earth (1)
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igneous rocks
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volcanic rocks
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basalts
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flood basalts (1)
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glasses
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volcanic glass (2)
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pyroclastics
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ash-flow tuff (1)
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ignimbrite (1)
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pumice (1)
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rhyolite tuff (1)
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tuff (2)
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inclusions
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fluid inclusions (1)
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Indian Ocean (1)
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lava (1)
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magmas (4)
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Ocean Drilling Program
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Leg 121
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ODP Site 758 (1)
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Leg 184
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ODP Site 1143 (1)
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oceanography (1)
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Pacific Ocean
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North Pacific
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Northwest Pacific
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South China Sea (2)
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West Pacific
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Northwest Pacific
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South China Sea (2)
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-
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paleomagnetism (1)
-
sedimentation (1)
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sediments
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clastic sediments (1)
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marine sediments (3)
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stratosphere (1)
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sulfur (2)
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tektites (1)
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United States
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California
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Mono County California
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Long Valley Caldera (1)
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volcanology (1)
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sedimentary rocks
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volcaniclastics (4)
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sediments
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sediments
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clastic sediments (1)
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marine sediments (3)
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volcaniclastics (4)
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Discussion on ‘Acheulian and Tephra from Upland Western Maharashtra, (Deccan Volcanic Province), Peninsular India’, by Deo et al. 2021 ( SP 515)
Quartz crystals in Toba rhyolites show textures symptomatic of rapid crystallization
Effects of megascale eruptions on Earth and Mars
Volcanic features are common on geologically active earthlike planets. Megascale or “super” eruptions involving >1000 Gt of magma have occurred on both Earth and Mars in the geologically recent past, introducing prodigious volumes of ash and volcanic gases into the atmosphere. Here we discuss felsic (explosive) and mafic (flood lava) supereruptions and their potential atmospheric and environmental effects on both planets. On Earth, felsic supereruptions recur on average about every 100–200,000 years and our present knowledge of the 73.5 ka Toba eruption implies that such events can have the potential to be catastrophic to human civilization. A future eruption of this type may require an unprecedented response from humankind to assure the continuation of civilization as we know it. Mafic supereruptions have resulted in atmospheric injection of volcanic gases (especially SO 2 ) and may have played a part in punctuating the history of life on Earth. The contrast between the more sustained effects of flood basalt eruptions (decades to centuries) and the near-instantaneous effects of large impacts (months to years) is worthy of more detailed study than has been completed to date. Products of mafic supereruptions, significantly larger than known from the geologic record on Earth, are well preserved on Mars. The volatile emissions from these eruptions most likely had global dispersal, but the effects may not have been outside what Mars endures even in the absence of volcanic eruptions. This is testament to the extreme variability of the current Martian atmosphere: situations that would be considered catastrophic on Earth are the norm on Mars.