- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
NARROW
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
East Africa
-
Ethiopia (1)
-
-
-
Antarctica (1)
-
Arctic region
-
Greenland
-
Northern Greenland (1)
-
-
-
Asia
-
Far East
-
Japan
-
Honshu
-
Iwate Japan
-
Kakkonda Field (1)
-
Onikobe Field (1)
-
-
-
-
Philippine Islands (1)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
North Atlantic
-
Northeast Atlantic (1)
-
Reykjanes Ridge (1)
-
-
-
Australasia
-
New Zealand
-
Wairakei (1)
-
-
-
Central America
-
Costa Rica (1)
-
-
Cerro Prieto (1)
-
Elba (1)
-
Europe
-
Alps
-
Central Alps
-
Pennine Alps (1)
-
-
Eastern Alps
-
Hohe Tauern (1)
-
-
Limestone Alps (1)
-
Western Alps
-
Ligurian Alps (2)
-
-
-
Central Europe
-
Austria
-
Hohe Tauern (1)
-
-
Czech Republic
-
Moravia (1)
-
-
Switzerland
-
Valais Switzerland (1)
-
-
-
Pyrenees
-
Spanish Pyrenees (1)
-
-
Southern Europe
-
Iberian Peninsula
-
Spain
-
Spanish Pyrenees (1)
-
-
-
Italy
-
Apennines
-
Apuane Alps (25)
-
Central Apennines (1)
-
Ligurian Apennines (1)
-
Northern Apennines (71)
-
-
Calabria Italy (1)
-
Emilia-Romagna Italy
-
Bologna Italy (1)
-
Modena Italy (1)
-
Taro Valley (1)
-
-
Friuli-Venezia Giulia Italy (1)
-
Liguria Italy
-
Genoa Italy (1)
-
Ligurian Alps (2)
-
Ligurian Apennines (1)
-
-
Marches Italy (3)
-
Piemonte Italy (3)
-
Po Valley (2)
-
Sardinia Italy (1)
-
Sesia-Lanzo Zone (1)
-
Tuscan Nappe (2)
-
Tuscany Italy
-
Apuane Alps (25)
-
Florence Italy (1)
-
Larderello (11)
-
Lucca Italy (3)
-
Monte Pisano (3)
-
Pisa Italy (4)
-
Travale Field (2)
-
-
Umbria Italy (5)
-
-
-
Ticino River (1)
-
Variscides (1)
-
Western Europe
-
France
-
Bas-Rhin France
-
Soultz-sous-Forets France (1)
-
-
Corsica (1)
-
Hautes-Alpes France (1)
-
-
Iceland (2)
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
England
-
Isle of Wight England (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Mediterranean region (2)
-
Mediterranean Sea
-
West Mediterranean
-
Tyrrhenian Sea (2)
-
-
-
Mexico
-
Baja California (1)
-
Puebla Mexico
-
Los Humeros (1)
-
-
-
Monte Rosa (1)
-
North Island (1)
-
Pacific region
-
Circum-Pacific region (1)
-
-
United States
-
California
-
Salton Trough (1)
-
-
-
-
commodities
-
barite deposits (1)
-
brines (1)
-
construction materials
-
building stone (4)
-
-
geothermal energy (5)
-
marble deposits (2)
-
metal ores
-
copper ores (3)
-
iron ores (2)
-
lead ores (3)
-
lead-zinc deposits (2)
-
manganese ores (1)
-
polymetallic ores (2)
-
silver ores (2)
-
tin ores (1)
-
titanium ores (1)
-
zinc ores (2)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (4)
-
mineral exploration (1)
-
mineral resources (1)
-
ornamental materials (2)
-
petroleum (1)
-
water resources (1)
-
-
elements, isotopes
-
boron (1)
-
carbon
-
C-13 (1)
-
C-13/C-12 (5)
-
-
chemical elements (1)
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (1)
-
-
incompatible elements (1)
-
isotope ratios (8)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
-
C-13 (1)
-
C-13/C-12 (5)
-
D/H (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (5)
-
S-34/S-32 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
-
-
metals
-
alkaline earth metals
-
barium (1)
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
-
-
antimony (8)
-
arsenic (5)
-
bismuth (1)
-
cadmium (1)
-
copper (2)
-
iron
-
ferric iron (1)
-
-
lead (6)
-
manganese (3)
-
mercury (1)
-
rare earths
-
europium (1)
-
-
silver (2)
-
titanium (2)
-
vanadium (2)
-
zinc (1)
-
-
noble gases
-
argon
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
-
-
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (5)
-
-
sulfur
-
S-34/S-32 (1)
-
-
-
fossils
-
burrows (1)
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Pisces
-
Chondrichthyes
-
Elasmobranchii (1)
-
-
-
Tetrapoda
-
Mammalia
-
Theria
-
Eutheria
-
Carnivora
-
Fissipeda
-
Ursidae
-
Ursus (1)
-
-
-
-
Cetacea (1)
-
-
-
-
Reptilia
-
Diapsida
-
Archosauria
-
Crocodilia
-
Eusuchia
-
Crocodylidae (1)
-
-
-
-
Ichthyosauria (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Invertebrata
-
Mollusca
-
Bivalvia
-
Heterodonta
-
Veneroida
-
Lucinidae (1)
-
Vesicomyidae (1)
-
-
-
Solemyida (1)
-
-
Gastropoda (2)
-
Scaphopoda (1)
-
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera
-
Rotaliina
-
Globigerinacea
-
Globigerinidae
-
Globigerina
-
Globigerina bulloides (1)
-
-
-
Neogloboquadrina
-
Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Radiolaria (2)
-
-
Vermes
-
Annelida (1)
-
Polychaeta
-
Serpulidae (1)
-
-
-
-
microfossils (5)
-
palynomorphs
-
miospores
-
pollen (2)
-
-
-
Plantae
-
algae
-
diatoms (1)
-
nannofossils (1)
-
-
-
-
geochronology methods
-
(U-Th)/He (1)
-
Ar/Ar (3)
-
fission-track dating (3)
-
paleomagnetism (1)
-
Th/U (1)
-
thermochronology (1)
-
uranium disequilibrium (1)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
upper Holocene (1)
-
-
Pleistocene
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Eemian (1)
-
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
lower Miocene
-
Aquitanian (2)
-
-
middle Miocene
-
Langhian (1)
-
Serravallian (1)
-
-
upper Miocene
-
Messinian
-
Messinian Salinity Crisis (2)
-
-
Tortonian (3)
-
-
-
Pliocene
-
lower Pliocene
-
Zanclean (1)
-
-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
upper Eocene (2)
-
-
Oligocene
-
lower Oligocene (1)
-
upper Oligocene
-
Chattian (1)
-
-
-
-
-
upper Cenozoic (1)
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous (1)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Cenomanian (1)
-
-
-
Jurassic
-
Lower Jurassic
-
Hettangian (1)
-
lower Liassic (1)
-
Sinemurian (1)
-
Toarcian (1)
-
upper Liassic (1)
-
-
Upper Jurassic (1)
-
-
Triassic
-
Middle Triassic (1)
-
Upper Triassic
-
Norian (1)
-
Rhaetian (1)
-
-
-
-
Paleozoic
-
Carboniferous (1)
-
middle Paleozoic (1)
-
Permian
-
Middle Permian (1)
-
-
upper Paleozoic (1)
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
plutonic rocks
-
gabbros
-
troctolite (1)
-
-
granites (4)
-
quartz monzonite (1)
-
syenites
-
albitite (1)
-
-
ultramafics
-
peridotites
-
harzburgite (1)
-
-
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
rhyolites (1)
-
-
-
ophiolite (4)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
marbles (2)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
serpentinite (1)
-
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
metachert (2)
-
metapelite (3)
-
-
metasomatic rocks
-
serpentinite (1)
-
-
phyllites (4)
-
quartzites (2)
-
schists (3)
-
-
ophiolite (4)
-
turbidite (9)
-
-
meteorites
-
meteorites
-
stony meteorites
-
chondrites (1)
-
-
-
-
minerals
-
arsenates (2)
-
arsenites (2)
-
carbonates
-
aragonite (1)
-
calcite (6)
-
dolomite (2)
-
rhodochrosite (1)
-
-
minerals (4)
-
native elements (1)
-
oxides
-
baddeleyite (1)
-
chrome spinel (1)
-
cuprite (1)
-
hematite (1)
-
hydroxides (3)
-
iron oxides (1)
-
-
phosphates
-
apatite (1)
-
monazite (1)
-
vivianite (1)
-
-
silicates
-
asbestos (1)
-
chain silicates
-
amphibole group
-
clinoamphibole
-
hornblende (1)
-
-
-
carpholite (1)
-
ferrocarpholite (1)
-
plancheite (1)
-
pyroxene group
-
clinopyroxene (1)
-
-
rhodonite group
-
rhodonite (1)
-
-
-
framework silicates
-
feldspar group (2)
-
silica minerals
-
quartz (2)
-
-
zeolite group (1)
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
braunite (2)
-
chloritoid (1)
-
olivine group
-
olivine (2)
-
tephroite (1)
-
-
zircon group
-
zircon (2)
-
-
-
sorosilicates
-
epidote group
-
epidote (1)
-
-
-
-
ring silicates
-
tourmaline group
-
dravite (1)
-
schorl (1)
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
chlorite group
-
chlorite (7)
-
-
clay minerals
-
halloysite (2)
-
kaolinite (2)
-
smectite (7)
-
vermiculite (1)
-
-
corrensite (1)
-
illite (6)
-
mica group
-
celadonite (1)
-
glauconite (1)
-
muscovite (2)
-
-
serpentine group
-
lizardite (1)
-
serpentine (1)
-
-
-
-
sulfates
-
anhydrite (1)
-
barite (4)
-
gypsum (1)
-
-
sulfides
-
copper sulfides (1)
-
molybdenite (1)
-
pyrite (5)
-
stibnite (1)
-
-
sulfosalts
-
sulfarsenites
-
dufrenoysite (1)
-
jordanite (2)
-
-
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (5)
-
Africa
-
East Africa
-
Ethiopia (1)
-
-
-
Antarctica (1)
-
Arctic region
-
Greenland
-
Northern Greenland (1)
-
-
-
Asia
-
Far East
-
Japan
-
Honshu
-
Iwate Japan
-
Kakkonda Field (1)
-
Onikobe Field (1)
-
-
-
-
Philippine Islands (1)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
North Atlantic
-
Northeast Atlantic (1)
-
Reykjanes Ridge (1)
-
-
-
Australasia
-
New Zealand
-
Wairakei (1)
-
-
-
barite deposits (1)
-
biogeography (1)
-
boron (1)
-
brines (1)
-
carbon
-
C-13 (1)
-
C-13/C-12 (5)
-
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
upper Holocene (1)
-
-
Pleistocene
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Eemian (1)
-
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
lower Miocene
-
Aquitanian (2)
-
-
middle Miocene
-
Langhian (1)
-
Serravallian (1)
-
-
upper Miocene
-
Messinian
-
Messinian Salinity Crisis (2)
-
-
Tortonian (3)
-
-
-
Pliocene
-
lower Pliocene
-
Zanclean (1)
-
-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
upper Eocene (2)
-
-
Oligocene
-
lower Oligocene (1)
-
upper Oligocene
-
Chattian (1)
-
-
-
-
-
upper Cenozoic (1)
-
-
Central America
-
Costa Rica (1)
-
-
chemical analysis (1)
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Pisces
-
Chondrichthyes
-
Elasmobranchii (1)
-
-
-
Tetrapoda
-
Mammalia
-
Theria
-
Eutheria
-
Carnivora
-
Fissipeda
-
Ursidae
-
Ursus (1)
-
-
-
-
Cetacea (1)
-
-
-
-
Reptilia
-
Diapsida
-
Archosauria
-
Crocodilia
-
Eusuchia
-
Crocodylidae (1)
-
-
-
-
Ichthyosauria (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
clay mineralogy (4)
-
conservation (2)
-
construction materials
-
building stone (4)
-
-
continental shelf (1)
-
crust (2)
-
crystal chemistry (16)
-
crystal structure (25)
-
crystallography (1)
-
data processing (2)
-
deformation (11)
-
diagenesis (8)
-
earthquakes (6)
-
economic geology (1)
-
Europe
-
Alps
-
Central Alps
-
Pennine Alps (1)
-
-
Eastern Alps
-
Hohe Tauern (1)
-
-
Limestone Alps (1)
-
Western Alps
-
Ligurian Alps (2)
-
-
-
Central Europe
-
Austria
-
Hohe Tauern (1)
-
-
Czech Republic
-
Moravia (1)
-
-
Switzerland
-
Valais Switzerland (1)
-
-
-
Pyrenees
-
Spanish Pyrenees (1)
-
-
Southern Europe
-
Iberian Peninsula
-
Spain
-
Spanish Pyrenees (1)
-
-
-
Italy
-
Apennines
-
Apuane Alps (25)
-
Central Apennines (1)
-
Ligurian Apennines (1)
-
Northern Apennines (71)
-
-
Calabria Italy (1)
-
Emilia-Romagna Italy
-
Bologna Italy (1)
-
Modena Italy (1)
-
Taro Valley (1)
-
-
Friuli-Venezia Giulia Italy (1)
-
Liguria Italy
-
Genoa Italy (1)
-
Ligurian Alps (2)
-
Ligurian Apennines (1)
-
-
Marches Italy (3)
-
Piemonte Italy (3)
-
Po Valley (2)
-
Sardinia Italy (1)
-
Sesia-Lanzo Zone (1)
-
Tuscan Nappe (2)
-
Tuscany Italy
-
Apuane Alps (25)
-
Florence Italy (1)
-
Larderello (11)
-
Lucca Italy (3)
-
Monte Pisano (3)
-
Pisa Italy (4)
-
Travale Field (2)
-
-
Umbria Italy (5)
-
-
-
Ticino River (1)
-
Variscides (1)
-
Western Europe
-
France
-
Bas-Rhin France
-
Soultz-sous-Forets France (1)
-
-
Corsica (1)
-
Hautes-Alpes France (1)
-
-
Iceland (2)
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
England
-
Isle of Wight England (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
faults (21)
-
folds (4)
-
foliation (2)
-
fractures (1)
-
geochemistry (12)
-
geochronology (2)
-
geomorphology (1)
-
geophysical methods (8)
-
geothermal energy (5)
-
ground water (3)
-
heat flow (2)
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (1)
-
-
hydrogeology (1)
-
igneous rocks
-
plutonic rocks
-
gabbros
-
troctolite (1)
-
-
granites (4)
-
quartz monzonite (1)
-
syenites
-
albitite (1)
-
-
ultramafics
-
peridotites
-
harzburgite (1)
-
-
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
rhyolites (1)
-
-
-
inclusions
-
fluid inclusions (5)
-
-
intrusions (4)
-
Invertebrata
-
Mollusca
-
Bivalvia
-
Heterodonta
-
Veneroida
-
Lucinidae (1)
-
Vesicomyidae (1)
-
-
-
Solemyida (1)
-
-
Gastropoda (2)
-
Scaphopoda (1)
-
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera
-
Rotaliina
-
Globigerinacea
-
Globigerinidae
-
Globigerina
-
Globigerina bulloides (1)
-
-
-
Neogloboquadrina
-
Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Radiolaria (2)
-
-
Vermes
-
Annelida (1)
-
Polychaeta
-
Serpulidae (1)
-
-
-
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
-
C-13 (1)
-
C-13/C-12 (5)
-
D/H (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (5)
-
S-34/S-32 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
-
-
magmas (2)
-
maps (1)
-
marble deposits (2)
-
Mediterranean region (2)
-
Mediterranean Sea
-
West Mediterranean
-
Tyrrhenian Sea (2)
-
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous (1)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Cenomanian (1)
-
-
-
Jurassic
-
Lower Jurassic
-
Hettangian (1)
-
lower Liassic (1)
-
Sinemurian (1)
-
Toarcian (1)
-
upper Liassic (1)
-
-
Upper Jurassic (1)
-
-
Triassic
-
Middle Triassic (1)
-
Upper Triassic
-
Norian (1)
-
Rhaetian (1)
-
-
-
-
metal ores
-
copper ores (3)
-
iron ores (2)
-
lead ores (3)
-
lead-zinc deposits (2)
-
manganese ores (1)
-
polymetallic ores (2)
-
silver ores (2)
-
tin ores (1)
-
titanium ores (1)
-
zinc ores (2)
-
-
metals
-
alkaline earth metals
-
barium (1)
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
-
-
antimony (8)
-
arsenic (5)
-
bismuth (1)
-
cadmium (1)
-
copper (2)
-
iron
-
ferric iron (1)
-
-
lead (6)
-
manganese (3)
-
mercury (1)
-
rare earths
-
europium (1)
-
-
silver (2)
-
titanium (2)
-
vanadium (2)
-
zinc (1)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
marbles (2)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
serpentinite (1)
-
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
metachert (2)
-
metapelite (3)
-
-
metasomatic rocks
-
serpentinite (1)
-
-
phyllites (4)
-
quartzites (2)
-
schists (3)
-
-
metamorphism (12)
-
metasomatism (10)
-
meteorites
-
stony meteorites
-
chondrites (1)
-
-
-
Mexico
-
Baja California (1)
-
Puebla Mexico
-
Los Humeros (1)
-
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (4)
-
mineral exploration (1)
-
mineral resources (1)
-
mineralogy (4)
-
minerals (4)
-
mining geology (1)
-
Mohorovicic discontinuity (1)
-
mud volcanoes (1)
-
noble gases
-
argon
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
-
-
-
orogeny (7)
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (5)
-
-
Pacific region
-
Circum-Pacific region (1)
-
-
paleoclimatology (2)
-
paleoecology (5)
-
paleogeography (5)
-
paleomagnetism (1)
-
Paleozoic
-
Carboniferous (1)
-
middle Paleozoic (1)
-
Permian
-
Middle Permian (1)
-
-
upper Paleozoic (1)
-
-
palynology (1)
-
palynomorphs
-
miospores
-
pollen (2)
-
-
-
paragenesis (2)
-
petroleum (1)
-
petrology (3)
-
phase equilibria (4)
-
Plantae
-
algae
-
diatoms (1)
-
nannofossils (1)
-
-
-
plate tectonics (6)
-
pollution (2)
-
roads (1)
-
sea water (1)
-
sea-level changes (3)
-
sedimentary petrology (8)
-
sedimentary rocks
-
bauxite (1)
-
carbonate rocks
-
dolostone (3)
-
limestone
-
micrite (1)
-
microbialite (1)
-
-
-
chemically precipitated rocks
-
chert (3)
-
evaporites (4)
-
-
clastic rocks
-
arkose (1)
-
black shale (1)
-
conglomerate (1)
-
graywacke (1)
-
marl (1)
-
radiolarite (1)
-
sandstone (11)
-
shale (4)
-
siltstone (1)
-
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
biogenic structures
-
bioturbation (2)
-
lebensspuren (1)
-
-
planar bedding structures (1)
-
secondary structures
-
concretions (2)
-
-
soft sediment deformation
-
olistostromes (1)
-
slump structures (1)
-
-
turbidity current structures (2)
-
-
sedimentation (7)
-
sediments
-
clastic sediments
-
pebbles (1)
-
-
marine sediments (1)
-
-
seismology (1)
-
soils
-
laterites (1)
-
-
springs (1)
-
stratigraphy (3)
-
structural analysis (6)
-
structural geology (3)
-
sulfur
-
S-34/S-32 (1)
-
-
tectonics
-
neotectonics (3)
-
-
tectonophysics (1)
-
thermal waters (1)
-
tunnels (2)
-
United States
-
California
-
Salton Trough (1)
-
-
-
waste disposal (1)
-
water resources (1)
-
weathering (6)
-
-
sedimentary rocks
-
flysch (3)
-
sedimentary rocks
-
bauxite (1)
-
carbonate rocks
-
dolostone (3)
-
limestone
-
micrite (1)
-
microbialite (1)
-
-
-
chemically precipitated rocks
-
chert (3)
-
evaporites (4)
-
-
clastic rocks
-
arkose (1)
-
black shale (1)
-
conglomerate (1)
-
graywacke (1)
-
marl (1)
-
radiolarite (1)
-
sandstone (11)
-
shale (4)
-
siltstone (1)
-
-
-
siliciclastics (1)
-
turbidite (9)
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
boudinage (1)
-
burrows (1)
-
channels (1)
-
sedimentary structures
-
biogenic structures
-
bioturbation (2)
-
lebensspuren (1)
-
-
planar bedding structures (1)
-
secondary structures
-
concretions (2)
-
-
soft sediment deformation
-
olistostromes (1)
-
slump structures (1)
-
-
turbidity current structures (2)
-
-
-
sediments
-
sediments
-
clastic sediments
-
pebbles (1)
-
-
marine sediments (1)
-
-
siliciclastics (1)
-
turbidite (9)
-
-
soils
-
soils
-
laterites (1)
-
-
Spodosols (1)
-
The Fornovolasco area (Alpi Apuane, Northern Apennines): a review and update on its Palaeozoic succession, middle Permian magmatism, and tectonic setting
NOT ENTIRELY ICHTHYOSAUR: A MYSTERIOUS LAMNIFORM AND ICHTHYOPTERYGIAN-FALL ASSOCIATION FROM THE ABYSSAL UPPER CRETACEOUS OF THE NORTHERN APENNINES (ITALY)
Unreported Fe and Pb-Cu slag heaps in Populonia hinterland (Tuscany, Italy): quick geochemical discrimination and mapping
Pyradoketosite, a new, unexpected, polymorph of Ag 3 SbS 3 from the Monte Arsiccio mine (Apuan Alps, Tuscany, Italy)
Messinian seep-carbonates marking the transition to the evaporite deposits in the Romagna sector of the northern Apennines (Italy)
Application of the Electromagnetic Geothermometer in Geothermics and Geothermal Exploration
Thin vs. thick-skinned tectonics in the Umbria-Marche fold-and-thrust belt: Contrast or coexistence?
ABSTRACT The structural style at depth of the Umbria-Marche fold-and-thrust belt, which occupies the outer province of the Northern Apennines of peninsular Italy, has long been debated and interpreted in terms of thin-skinned or thick-skinned deformation models, respectively. Thin-skinned models predict that the Mesozoic–Tertiary sedimentary cover was detached along Upper Triassic evaporites and translated northeastward along stepped thrust faults above a relatively undeformed basement. On the other hand, thick-skinned models predict the direct involvement of conspicuous basement slices within thrust-related folds. A description of selected examples in the southeastern part of the Umbria-Marche belt reveals that some compressional structures are indeed thin-skinned, their style being controlled by rheological properties of a mechanically heterogeneous stratigraphy containing multiple décollements, whereas other structures are genuinely thick-skinned, their style being dominated by the reverse-reactivation of pre-orogenic normal faults deeply rooted within the basement. Therefore, the contrast of thin- versus thick-skinned structural styles, an issue that has generated a long-lasting debate, is only apparent, since both styles are documented to coexist and to have concurred in controlling the final compressional geometry of the fold-and-thrust belt.
The influence of the Messinian Salinity Crisis on the tectonic evolution of the Northern Apennines
ABSTRACT The Messinian Salinity Crisis (5.85–5.35 Ma) represents a nearly unprecedented unloading and loading event. During the Messinian Salinity Crisis, two important things happened in terms of surface load changes—the accumulation of thick evaporites represent a load addition, while the desiccation of the Mediterranean represents a load subtraction. The desiccation and evaporite deposition were followed by the rapid addition of water, refilling the Mediterranean during the Zanclean. The calculated flexural response to load changes imposed significant changes on the horizontal stresses in the upper crust of the Northern Apennines, an active orogenic system characterized by simultaneous zones of extension and compression that migrated eastward over time. We show that these flexural stresses (approaching ± 50 MPa), added to the preexisting stresses across the Northern Apennines, were large enough to have caused some areas in compressional stress regimes to flip to extensional regimes, and vice versa. Among other things, our model predicts that the Marches Apennines region, which was beginning to undergo compression at the leading edge of the orogen, should have experienced a brief interval of extensional deformation. Previous structural studies of this region have shown that there was, in fact, a brief period of extensional faulting near the onset of the Messinian Salinity Crisis, which was then followed by a return to compressional deformation, just as our model predicts. The hypothesis presented here provides a novel explanation for this extension occurring in an area that should have been undergoing compression, one in which the unique events of the Messinian Salinity Crisis generated significant flexural stresses that changed the deformational regime during the relatively brief time of the Messinian Salinity Crisis. We further suggest that this hypothesis may provide insight into similar unexpected tectonic episodes during this time period in other parts of the Apennines.