Abstract Igneous intrusions in sedimentary petroleum basins are often perceived as having a negative impact on the elements of the petroleum system, though the impact of intrusion-related deformation features on petroleum systems and broader geoenergy applications is not well understood. In this study, we use 3D seismic reflection data to document a variety of deformation styles that are spatially and temporally associated late Cenozoic magmatic activity in the Bass Basin, offshore southeastern Australia; three types of normal fault systems (conjugate faults, concentric faults, radial faults) and fluid escape pipes. These deformation features occur in the overburden up to ∼600 m above underlying igneous intrusions, within the Eocene to Miocene Demons Bluff and Torquay formations. The conjugate faults bound graben and are interpreted to have formed in response to underlying dyke intrusions. The radial faults are interpreted to have formed in response to overburden uplift, though the link between these and associated igneous activity is less clear. We identify 101 fluid escape features that show variation in both the morphology of their surficial depressions and of the seismic reflection characteristics of their infilling deposits. These features are interpreted to be hydrothermal or volcanic vents with underlying pipe-like feeders, depending on their spatial association with adjacent or underlying igneous intrusions. The concentric fault systems are associated with surficial depressions, and quantitative analysis of reflection sags within these depressions suggest that they are a result of subsurface subsidence in response to formation of maar-craters. The intrusion-related deformation features documented in this study may have multiple effects on working petroleum systems, such as providing secondary fluid flow pathways that can either reduce seal integrity, or enabling migration of fluids into shallower reservoirs.

Abstract Native hydrogen and helium have been considered important resources in assisting the energy transition. Hydrogen and helium seeps have been reported worldwide, which may indicate large reserves within the subsurface. However, generation of hydrogen and helium is complex; poorly understood and constrained for both generation processes and migration. One source of native hydrogen is ultramafic rocks, which have experienced serpentinization together with water radiolysis. In contrast, helium generation occurs as the result of the radioactive decay of uranium and thorium present within radiogenically enriched basement. An exploration tool, dedicated to identifying areas with the geological settings and conditions favourable for native hydrogen and helium generation, has been developed and tested. Several databases have been created and integrated as part of this study (geological and geochemical generation models) to support and focus the search for both hydrogen and helium. Machine learning algorithms which extract value from geospatial data types for detecting various accumulations have been implemented. The first machine learning results demonstrate the significant value in integrating data and machine learning for high grading areas more conducive to accumulating hydrogen and helium.

Abstract Orientated carbonate (calcite twinning strains; n = 78 with 2414 twin measurements) and quartzites (finite strains; n = 15) were collected around Gondwana to study the deformational history associated with the amalgamation of the supercontinent. The Buzios orogen (545–500 Ma), within interior Gondwana, records the high-grade collisional orogen between the São Francisco Craton (Brazil) and the Congo–Angola Craton (Angola and Namibia), and twinning strains in calc-silicates record a SE–NW shortening fabric parallel to the thrust transport. Along Gondwana's southern margin, the Saldanian–Ross–Delamerian orogen (590–480 Ma) is marked by a regional unconformity that cuts into deformed Neoproterozoic–Ordovician sedimentary rocks and associated intrusions. Cambrian carbonate is preserved in the central part of the southern Gondwana margin, namely in the Kango Inlier of the Cape Fold Belt and the Ellsworth, Pensacola and Transantarctic mountains. Paleozoic carbonate is not preserved in the Ventana Mountains in Argentina, in the Falkland Islands/Islas Malvinas or in Tasmania. Twinning strains in these Cambrian carbonate strata and synorogenic veins record a complex, overprinted deformation history with no stable foreland strain reference. The Kurgiakh orogen (490 Ma) along Gondwana's northern margin is also defined by a regional Ordovician unconformity throughout the Himalaya; these rocks record a mix of layer-parallel and layer-normal twinning strains with a likely Himalayan (40 Ma) strain overprint and no autochthonous foreland strain site. Conversely, the Gondwanide orogen (250 Ma) along Gondwana's southern margin has three foreland (autochthonous) sites for comparison with 59 allochthonous thrust-belt strain analyses. From west to east, these include: finite strains from Devonian quartzite preserve a layer-parallel shortening (LPS) strain rotated clockwise in the Ventana Mountains of Argentina; frontal (calcite twins) and internal (quartzite strains) samples in the Cape Fold Belt preserve a LPS fabric that is rotated clockwise from the autochthonous north–south horizontal shortening in the foreland strain site; Falkland Devonian quartzite shows the same clockwise rotation of the LPS fabric; and Permian limestone and veins in Tasmania record a thrust transport-parallel LPS fabric. Early amalgamation of Gondwana (Ordovician) is preserved by local layer-parallel and layer-normal strain without evidence of far-field deformation, whereas the Gondwanide orogen (Permian) is dominated by layer-parallel shortening, locally rotated by dextral shear along the margin, that propagated across the supercontinent.