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antimony (1)
-
arsenic (3)
-
chromium (9)
-
copper (4)
-
germanium (1)
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (51)
-
-
iron
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Fe-56/Fe-54 (1)
-
ferric iron (3)
-
ferrous iron (2)
-
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (17)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (10)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (12)
-
Pb-208/Pb-206 (3)
-
Pb-210 (2)
-
U-238/Pb-206 (1)
-
-
manganese (1)
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molybdenum (3)
-
nickel (2)
-
niobium (6)
-
platinum group
-
osmium
-
Os-188/Os-187 (2)
-
Re-187/Os-188 (2)
-
-
platinum ores (3)
-
-
rare earths
-
cerium (1)
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europium (2)
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lanthanum (4)
-
lutetium (3)
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (69)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (5)
-
-
samarium
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (5)
-
-
ytterbium (3)
-
yttrium (7)
-
-
rhenium
-
Re-187/Os-188 (2)
-
-
tantalum (3)
-
titanium (9)
-
tungsten (2)
-
vanadium (3)
-
zinc (3)
-
zirconium (3)
-
-
nitrogen
-
N-15/N-14 (3)
-
-
noble gases
-
argon
-
Ar-36 (1)
-
Ar-40/Ar-36 (1)
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (4)
-
-
krypton
-
Kr-84 (1)
-
-
radon (4)
-
xenon
-
Xe-129 (1)
-
-
-
oxygen
-
O-16 (1)
-
O-18 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (63)
-
-
phosphorus (3)
-
silicon (2)
-
sulfur
-
S-34/S-32 (4)
-
-
-
fossils
-
Archaea (1)
-
bacteria
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coliform bacteria (2)
-
-
burrows (2)
-
Chordata
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Vertebrata
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Pisces
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Osteichthyes
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Actinopterygii
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Teleostei (1)
-
-
-
-
Tetrapoda
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Amphibia (1)
-
Mammalia
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Theria
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Eutheria
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Artiodactyla
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Ruminantia
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Cervidae (2)
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-
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Carnivora (1)
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Cetacea (1)
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Creodonta (1)
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Insectivora
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Proteutheria
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Scandentia (1)
-
-
-
Perissodactyla
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Ceratomorpha
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Rhinocerotidae (1)
-
-
Hippomorpha
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Equidae (1)
-
-
-
Proboscidea
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Gomphotheriidae (1)
-
-
Rodentia (2)
-
-
-
-
Reptilia (1)
-
-
-
-
cyanobacteria (1)
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ichnofossils
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Cruziana (2)
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Planolites (1)
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Rusophycus (1)
-
-
Invertebrata
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Arthropoda
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Chelicerata
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Arachnida (1)
-
-
Mandibulata
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Crustacea
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Ostracoda
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Podocopida
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Cypridocopina
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Cyprididae
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Candona (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Insecta
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Pterygota
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Neoptera
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Endopterygota
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Hymenoptera (1)
-
-
-
Palaeoptera
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Odonata (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Trilobitomorpha
-
Trilobita (12)
-
-
-
Brachiopoda
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Articulata
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Productida (1)
-
Rhynchonellida
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Rhynchonellidae (1)
-
-
Spiriferida (1)
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Strophomenida (2)
-
-
-
Bryozoa
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Cryptostomata (1)
-
-
Cnidaria
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Anthozoa
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Zoantharia
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Rugosa (1)
-
-
-
-
Echinodermata
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Crinozoa
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Crinoidea (2)
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Cystoidea (1)
-
-
Echinozoa
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Echinoidea (1)
-
-
-
Mollusca
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Bivalvia
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Heterodonta
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Hippuritacea (1)
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Rudistae (2)
-
-
Ostreoidea
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Gryphaea (1)
-
-
-
Cephalopoda
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Ammonoidea
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Ammonites (2)
-
-
Nautiloidea (1)
-
-
Gastropoda
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Pteropoda (1)
-
-
-
Porifera
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Demospongea (2)
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Hexactinellida (1)
-
-
Protista
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Foraminifera
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Fusulinina
-
Fusulinidae (3)
-
-
Miliolina
-
Miliolacea
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Alveolinellidae
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Alveolina (1)
-
-
-
-
Rotaliina
-
Globigerinacea
-
Globotruncanidae
-
Globotruncana (2)
-
-
-
Orbitoidacea
-
Discocyclina (1)
-
Lepidocyclina (1)
-
Orbitoididae (1)
-
-
Rotaliacea
-
Nummulitidae (1)
-
-
-
Textulariina
-
Lituolacea
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Orbitolinidae (1)
-
-
-
-
Radiolaria (13)
-
Thecamoeba (1)
-
-
Vermes (1)
-
-
lichens (1)
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Metazoa (1)
-
microfossils
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Charophyta (2)
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Chitinozoa (1)
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Conodonta
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Neogondolella (1)
-
-
Fusulinina
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Fusulinidae (3)
-
-
problematic microfossils (1)
-
-
palynomorphs
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acritarchs (4)
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Chitinozoa (1)
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miospores
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pollen (24)
-
-
-
Plantae
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algae
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calcareous algae (1)
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Chlorophyta
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Botryococcus (1)
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Charophyta (2)
-
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Coccolithophoraceae
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Coccolithus (1)
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diatoms (1)
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nannofossils (2)
-
-
Pteridophyta
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Lycopsida (2)
-
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Spermatophyta
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Angiospermae
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Dicotyledoneae
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Alnus (1)
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Asteridae (1)
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Betula (1)
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Compositae (1)
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Leguminosae (2)
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Myrtaceae
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Eucalyptus (1)
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Quercus (1)
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Rosidae (1)
-
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Monocotyledoneae
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Palmae (1)
-
-
-
Gymnospermae
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Coniferales
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Pinaceae
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Abies (1)
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Pinus (4)
-
-
-
-
-
-
problematic fossils
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problematic microfossils (1)
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thallophytes (2)
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trails (3)
-
-
geochronology methods
-
(U-Th)/He (27)
-
Ar/Ar (99)
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exposure age (13)
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fission-track dating (48)
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He/He (1)
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Hf/W (1)
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infrared stimulated luminescence (1)
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K/Ar (8)
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lichenometry (1)
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Lu/Hf (25)
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Nd/Nd (9)
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optical dating (1)
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optical mineralogy (1)
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optically stimulated luminescence (14)
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paleomagnetism (35)
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Pb/Pb (2)
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Pb/Th (13)
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Rb/Sr (13)
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Re/Os (4)
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Sm/Nd (10)
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Sr/Sr (5)
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tree rings (1)
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U/Pb (279)
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U/Th/Pb (37)
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uranium disequilibrium (1)
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geologic age
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Cenozoic
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lower Cenozoic (3)
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middle Cenozoic (2)
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Quaternary
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Holocene
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lower Holocene (3)
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Mesolithic (1)
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Middle Ages (2)
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middle Holocene (1)
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Neoglacial
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Little Ice Age (1)
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Neolithic (1)
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upper Holocene
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Little Ice Age (1)
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-
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Pleistocene
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lower Pleistocene (3)
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Matuyama Chron (1)
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middle Pleistocene (1)
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upper Pleistocene
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Weichselian
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upper Weichselian
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Allerod (1)
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Bolling (1)
-
-
-
-
-
upper Quaternary (18)
-
-
Siwalik System (43)
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Stone Age
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Mesolithic (1)
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Neolithic (1)
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Paleolithic
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lower Paleolithic (1)
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middle Paleolithic (2)
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upper Paleolithic (2)
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-
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Tertiary
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lower Tertiary (6)
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middle Tertiary (5)
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Neogene
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Miocene
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lower Miocene
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Burdigalian (1)
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Kasauli Series (3)
-
-
middle Miocene
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Serravallian (1)
-
-
Pungo River Formation (1)
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Surma Group (1)
-
upper Miocene
-
Chinji Formation (4)
-
-
-
Pliocene
-
Gauss Chron (1)
-
lower Pliocene (3)
-
upper Pliocene (1)
-
Yorktown Formation (1)
-
-
upper Neogene (4)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Barail Group (1)
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Eocene
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Castle Hayne Limestone (1)
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Green River Formation (1)
-
lower Eocene
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Ypresian (3)
-
-
middle Eocene
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Laney Shale Member (1)
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Lutetian (1)
-
-
Subathu Formation (10)
-
upper Eocene
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Priabonian (1)
-
-
Wilkins Peak Member (1)
-
-
Ilerdian (1)
-
lower Paleogene (5)
-
Oligocene
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lower Oligocene (1)
-
upper Oligocene (9)
-
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
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Danian (1)
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K-T boundary (1)
-
-
middle Paleocene
-
Selandian (2)
-
-
upper Paleocene (4)
-
-
Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (2)
-
-
upper Tertiary (1)
-
-
upper Cenozoic
-
Karewa Group (3)
-
-
-
Dalradian (1)
-
Mesozoic
-
Bela Ophiolites (1)
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
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Albian
-
Pinda Formation (1)
-
-
Aptian (4)
-
Barremian (1)
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Berriasian (1)
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Hauterivian (1)
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Lagoa Feia Formation (1)
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Neocomian (1)
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Valanginian (1)
-
-
Middle Cretaceous (8)
-
Upper Cretaceous
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Campanian (4)
-
Cenomanian
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upper Cenomanian (1)
-
-
Coniacian (1)
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K-T boundary (1)
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Maestrichtian
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upper Maestrichtian (1)
-
-
Santonian (2)
-
Senonian (5)
-
Turonian
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lower Turonian (1)
-
-
-
-
Great Valley Sequence (1)
-
Jurassic
-
Lower Jurassic
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Hettangian (1)
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Sinemurian (1)
-
Toarcian
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lower Toarcian (1)
-
-
Triassic-Jurassic boundary (1)
-
-
Middle Jurassic
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Bajocian (1)
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Bathonian (1)
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Callovian (1)
-
-
Rajmahal Series (1)
-
Upper Jurassic
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Oxfordian (1)
-
-
-
lower Mesozoic (1)
-
Triassic
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Lower Triassic
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Induan (1)
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Olenekian (1)
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Permian-Triassic boundary (4)
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Smithian (1)
-
-
Middle Triassic
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Anisian (4)
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Ladinian (2)
-
-
Upper Triassic
-
Carnian (3)
-
Norian (5)
-
Triassic-Jurassic boundary (1)
-
-
-
upper Mesozoic (2)
-
-
MIS 5 (2)
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian
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Lower Cambrian
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Tommotian (1)
-
-
Middle Cambrian (3)
-
Upper Cambrian
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Furongian (1)
-
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Lower Carboniferous
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Dinantian (3)
-
-
Mississippian
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Middle Mississippian
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Visean (1)
-
-
-
Upper Carboniferous (3)
-
-
Chattanooga Shale (1)
-
Devonian
-
Lower Devonian (6)
-
Middle Devonian (1)
-
Muth Quartzite (2)
-
Old Red Sandstone (1)
-
Upper Devonian
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Frasnian (1)
-
-
-
lower Paleozoic (17)
-
Ordovician
-
Lower Ordovician
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Arenigian (1)
-
-
Middle Ordovician
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Darriwilian (2)
-
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Hirnantian (1)
-
Katian (3)
-
-
-
Permian
-
Guadalupian
-
Capitanian (1)
-
-
Lower Permian
-
Cisuralian
-
Asselian (1)
-
Kungurian (1)
-
-
-
Middle Permian (5)
-
Upper Permian
-
Lopingian
-
Changhsingian (5)
-
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (4)
-
-
-
Silurian (10)
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Garhwal Group (3)
-
-
-
Phanerozoic (7)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Aravalli System (2)
-
Neoarchean
-
Dharwar Supergroup (1)
-
-
-
Delhi Supergroup (7)
-
Eocambrian (2)
-
Hadean (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Banded Gneissic Complex (1)
-
Mesoproterozoic (4)
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Blaini Formation (2)
-
Cryogenian (1)
-
Dengying Formation (2)
-
Ediacaran (5)
-
Riphean (1)
-
Tonian (1)
-
Vendian (1)
-
-
Paleoproterozoic (17)
-
Sinian
-
Dengying Formation (2)
-
-
-
-
-
Vindhyan (1)
-
-
igneous rocks
-
extrusive rocks (2)
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites (3)
-
plutonic rocks
-
anorthosite (1)
-
appinite (1)
-
diabase
-
tholeiitic dolerite (1)
-
-
diorites
-
diorite porphyry (1)
-
plagiogranite (2)
-
quartz diorites (5)
-
tonalite (5)
-
trondhjemite (1)
-
-
gabbros
-
microgabbro (1)
-
norite (1)
-
-
granites
-
aplite (2)
-
A-type granites (7)
-
biotite granite (1)
-
I-type granites (12)
-
leucogranite (56)
-
monzogranite (11)
-
muscovite granite (1)
-
S-type granites (6)
-
two-mica granite (2)
-
-
granodiorites
-
granodiorite porphyry (3)
-
-
lamprophyres
-
minette (1)
-
-
monzodiorite (1)
-
monzonites (1)
-
pegmatite (18)
-
quartz monzonite (3)
-
syenites
-
quartz syenite (1)
-
syenite porphyry (1)
-
-
ultramafics
-
chromitite (19)
-
peridotites
-
dunite (7)
-
garnet lherzolite (2)
-
harzburgite (9)
-
lherzolite (2)
-
spinel lherzolite (2)
-
spinel peridotite (1)
-
-
pyroxenite (2)
-
-
-
porphyry (5)
-
volcanic rocks
-
adakites (15)
-
andesites
-
boninite (3)
-
-
basalts
-
alkali basalts (1)
-
flood basalts (4)
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (13)
-
ocean-island basalts (9)
-
shoshonite (3)
-
tholeiite (1)
-
tholeiitic basalt (2)
-
trap rocks (2)
-
-
dacites (5)
-
melilitite (1)
-
pyroclastics
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ignimbrite (1)
-
tuff (6)
-
-
rhyolites (8)
-
trachyandesites (3)
-
trachytes (6)
-
-
-
ophiolite (47)
-
volcanic ash (1)
-
wehrlite (1)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (15)
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cataclasites (1)
-
eclogite (43)
-
gneisses
-
augen gneiss (5)
-
granite gneiss (5)
-
orthogneiss (20)
-
paragneiss (10)
-
-
granulites (11)
-
hornfels (1)
-
marbles (11)
-
metacarbonate rocks (1)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
metabasalt (2)
-
metabasite (4)
-
metagabbro (2)
-
metagranite (7)
-
metarhyolite (1)
-
metatuff (1)
-
serpentinite (6)
-
-
metaplutonic rocks (2)
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
metachert (1)
-
metagraywacke (1)
-
metapelite (14)
-
paragneiss (10)
-
-
metasomatic rocks
-
rodingite (1)
-
serpentinite (6)
-
skarn (3)
-
-
metavolcanic rocks (4)
-
migmatites (28)
-
mylonites
-
ultramylonite (2)
-
-
phyllites (3)
-
quartzites (20)
-
schists
-
blueschist (6)
-
chlorite schist (1)
-
-
slates (6)
-
-
ophiolite (47)
-
turbidite (10)
-
-
meteorites
-
meteorites
-
stony meteorites
-
chondrites (1)
-
-
-
-
minerals
-
alloys
-
carbides
-
moissanite (4)
-
-
nitrides (2)
-
silicides (2)
-
-
borates
-
borax (1)
-
-
carbonates
-
aragonite (2)
-
calcite (13)
-
dolomite (4)
-
hydromagnesite (1)
-
-
halides
-
chlorides
-
carnallite (2)
-
halite (3)
-
sylvite (1)
-
-
fluorides
-
fluorite (2)
-
topaz (1)
-
-
-
hydrates (1)
-
minerals (6)
-
native elements
-
diamond
-
microdiamond (2)
-
-
graphite (2)
-
-
organic minerals
-
amber (2)
-
-
oxides
-
chrome spinel (6)
-
chromite (5)
-
corundum (2)
-
hematite (4)
-
hercynite (1)
-
ilmenite (2)
-
magnetite (7)
-
niobates
-
columbite (1)
-
fergusonite (1)
-
-
perovskite (1)
-
rutile (10)
-
spinel (9)
-
tantalates
-
tantalite (1)
-
-
titanomagnetite (1)
-
uraninite (3)
-
wustite (3)
-
-
phosphates
-
apatite (58)
-
eosphorite (1)
-
lazulite (1)
-
monazite (65)
-
xenotime (5)
-
-
platinum minerals (1)
-
silicates
-
chain silicates
-
amphibole group
-
clinoamphibole
-
glaucophane (3)
-
hornblende (10)
-
-
-
prehnite (1)
-
pyroxene group
-
clinopyroxene
-
aegirine (1)
-
jadeite (1)
-
omphacite (3)
-
-
orthopyroxene (2)
-
-
-
framework silicates
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
K-feldspar (8)
-
microcline (1)
-
-
plagioclase
-
albite (1)
-
-
-
myrmekite (1)
-
scapolite group
-
scapolite (1)
-
-
silica minerals
-
coesite (9)
-
opal (1)
-
quartz
-
alpha quartz (2)
-
-
stishovite (3)
-
-
zeolite group
-
analcime (2)
-
mordenite (1)
-
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
datolite group
-
gadolinite (1)
-
-
garnet group
-
almandine (3)
-
grossular (2)
-
majorite (2)
-
pyrope (3)
-
spessartine (2)
-
uvarovite (1)
-
-
kyanite (7)
-
olivine group
-
forsterite (2)
-
olivine (5)
-
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sillimanite (5)
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staurolite (2)
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titanite group
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titanite (6)
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topaz (1)
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zircon group
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thorite (1)
-
zircon (271)
-
-
-
sorosilicates
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epidote group
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allanite (3)
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vesuvianite (1)
-
-
-
ring silicates
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beryl (2)
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cordierite (1)
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emerald (3)
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tourmaline group
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dravite (2)
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elbaite (2)
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schorl (3)
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-
-
sheet silicates
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chlorite group
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chlorite (4)
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clay minerals
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illite (4)
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mica group
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biotite (27)
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fluor-phlogopite (1)
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sericite (1)
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serpentine group
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chrysotile (1)
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talc (1)
-
-
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sulfates
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gypsum (1)
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sulfides
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chalcopyrite (5)
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galena (1)
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nickel sulfides (1)
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pyrite (5)
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pyrrhotite (1)
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sulfosalts
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sulfarsenates
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sulfarsenites
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luzonite (1)
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-
-
-
tungstates
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scheelite (1)
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wolframite (3)
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wehrlite (1)
-
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Primary terms
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absolute age (399)
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Africa
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Antarctica
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Asia
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India
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Pakistan
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