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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
East Africa
-
Tanzania
-
Oldoinyo Lengai (1)
-
-
-
Kalahari Desert (1)
-
North Africa
-
Algeria (1)
-
Atlas Mountains
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (1)
-
-
-
Morocco
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (1)
-
-
-
-
Nubian Shield (1)
-
Southern Africa
-
Namibia (1)
-
South Africa
-
Bushveld Complex (1)
-
-
-
-
Antarctica (1)
-
Arctic region
-
Greenland
-
Ilimaussaq (1)
-
Northern Greenland (1)
-
-
-
Asia
-
Far East
-
China (2)
-
Japan (1)
-
Mongolia (1)
-
Vietnam (1)
-
-
Indian Peninsula
-
India
-
Maharashtra India
-
Mumbai India (1)
-
-
-
Pakistan (1)
-
-
Irkutsk Russian Federation (1)
-
Kamchatka Russian Federation
-
Kamchatka Peninsula
-
Tolbachik (2)
-
-
-
Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
-
Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation
-
Norilsk region (1)
-
-
-
Middle East
-
Iran (1)
-
Israel (3)
-
Lebanon (1)
-
-
Russian Pacific region (2)
-
Yakutia Russian Federation (1)
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
North Atlantic
-
Celtic Sea (1)
-
-
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
Western Australia
-
Canning Basin (1)
-
-
-
-
Canada
-
Eastern Canada
-
Ontario (1)
-
Quebec (2)
-
-
Western Canada
-
British Columbia (1)
-
-
-
Commonwealth of Independent States
-
Caucasus
-
Northern Caucasus (1)
-
-
Donets Basin (1)
-
Russian Federation
-
Central Urals (1)
-
Irkutsk Russian Federation (1)
-
Kamchatka Russian Federation
-
Kamchatka Peninsula
-
Tolbachik (2)
-
-
-
Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
-
Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation
-
Norilsk region (1)
-
-
-
Murmansk Russian Federation
-
Khibiny Mountains (1)
-
Kola Peninsula (3)
-
Lovozero Massif (3)
-
-
Northern Caucasus (1)
-
Russian Pacific region (2)
-
Yakutia Russian Federation (1)
-
-
Urals
-
Central Urals (1)
-
-
-
Europe
-
Alps
-
Western Alps (2)
-
-
Caucasus
-
Northern Caucasus (1)
-
-
Central Europe
-
Austria (2)
-
Black Forest (1)
-
Bohemian Massif (1)
-
Czech Republic
-
Bohemia
-
Kladno Czech Republic (1)
-
Pilsen Basin (1)
-
-
-
Fichtelgebirge (1)
-
Germany
-
Baden-Wurttemberg Germany
-
Baden (1)
-
Karlsruhe Germany (1)
-
Katzenbuckel (1)
-
-
Bavaria Germany
-
Ries Crater (2)
-
-
Eifel (67)
-
Ems River (2)
-
Franconia (1)
-
Hamburg Germany (1)
-
Harz Mountains (3)
-
Hesse (1)
-
Hesse Germany
-
Bundenbach (2)
-
Messel Germany (3)
-
Vogelsberg (1)
-
Wetterau (1)
-
-
Mainz Basin (2)
-
Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania Germany (1)
-
North Rhine-Westphalia Germany
-
Aachen Germany (1)
-
Bergisch Gladbach Germany (3)
-
Cologne Germany (10)
-
North Rhine (2)
-
Ruhr (7)
-
-
Rhineland-Palatinate Germany
-
Hunsruck (1)
-
Laacher See (13)
-
Meerfeld crater lake (1)
-
-
Saar-Nahe Basin (5)
-
Saxony-Anhalt Germany (1)
-
Thuringia Germany (1)
-
Weser River (1)
-
Westerwald (1)
-
Westphalia (1)
-
-
Hungary (1)
-
Poland (2)
-
Switzerland
-
Graubunden Switzerland (1)
-
-
Upper Rhine Graben (5)
-
Upper Silesian coal basin (1)
-
-
Danube River (1)
-
Donets Basin (1)
-
Elbe River (1)
-
Lower Rhine Basin (5)
-
Moselle Valley (1)
-
Murmansk Russian Federation
-
Khibiny Mountains (1)
-
Kola Peninsula (3)
-
Lovozero Massif (3)
-
-
Rhenish Schiefergebirge
-
Eifel (67)
-
Westerwald (1)
-
-
Rhine Basin (1)
-
Rhine River (8)
-
Saar Basin (1)
-
Southern Europe
-
Greece (1)
-
Iberian Peninsula
-
Spain (1)
-
-
Italy
-
Campania Italy
-
Monte Somma (1)
-
Vesuvius (3)
-
-
Tuscany Italy (1)
-
Umbria Italy (1)
-
Veneto Italy
-
Vicenza Italy (1)
-
-
-
Macedonia (1)
-
-
Variscides (1)
-
Western Europe
-
Belgium
-
Wallonia Belgium
-
Luxembourg Belgium (1)
-
-
-
France
-
Alsace (2)
-
Ardennes France (1)
-
Central Massif (1)
-
Lorraine (2)
-
Mayenne France (1)
-
Meurthe-et-Moselle France (1)
-
Moselle France (7)
-
Nord-Pas-de-Calais Basin (1)
-
Paris France (1)
-
Vosges Mountains (1)
-
-
Meuse River (2)
-
Netherlands (4)
-
Rhone River (1)
-
Scandinavia
-
Norway
-
Sor-Trondelag Norway
-
Trondheim Norway (1)
-
-
Vestfold Norway (1)
-
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
England
-
Cornwall England (1)
-
Devon England (1)
-
London England (1)
-
Somerset England (1)
-
South-West England (1)
-
-
Wales (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Mediterranean region (1)
-
South America
-
Bolivia (1)
-
Brazil
-
Bahia Brazil (1)
-
-
-
Sydney coal field (1)
-
United States
-
Idaho
-
Shoshone County Idaho (1)
-
-
Mississippi River (1)
-
Mississippi Valley (1)
-
New York
-
Seneca County New York (1)
-
-
-
Vulture Mountain (1)
-
-
commodities
-
construction materials (1)
-
geothermal energy (1)
-
metal ores
-
antimony ores (2)
-
copper ores (1)
-
lead ores (1)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (3)
-
petroleum
-
natural gas (1)
-
-
zeolite deposits (1)
-
-
elements, isotopes
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (3)
-
C-14 (5)
-
organic carbon (4)
-
-
chemical ratios (1)
-
halogens
-
bromine
-
bromide ion (1)
-
-
chlorine (3)
-
fluorine (2)
-
-
hydrogen (1)
-
isotope ratios (9)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
-
C-14 (5)
-
Pa-231 (1)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
-
U-235 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
-
C-13/C-12 (3)
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (7)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
-
S-34/S-32 (1)
-
-
-
metals
-
actinides
-
protactinium
-
Pa-231 (1)
-
-
thorium (1)
-
uranium
-
U-235 (1)
-
-
-
alkali metals
-
potassium (1)
-
sodium (1)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
barium (2)
-
calcium (1)
-
strontium (1)
-
-
aluminum (3)
-
chromium (1)
-
copper (1)
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (1)
-
-
iron (5)
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
-
-
manganese (3)
-
niobium (1)
-
platinum group
-
palladium (1)
-
-
rare earths
-
cerium (1)
-
lanthanum (1)
-
-
titanium (3)
-
-
nitrogen (1)
-
noble gases
-
argon
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
-
-
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (7)
-
-
phosphorus (3)
-
silicon (2)
-
sulfur
-
S-34/S-32 (1)
-
-
-
fossils
-
borings (1)
-
burrows (1)
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Pisces
-
Chondrichthyes
-
Elasmobranchii (1)
-
-
Osteichthyes
-
Actinopterygii
-
Teleostei (1)
-
-
Sarcopterygii
-
Dipnoi (1)
-
-
-
-
Tetrapoda
-
Amphibia
-
Labyrinthodontia
-
Temnospondyli (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
ichnofossils (2)
-
Invertebrata
-
Arthropoda
-
Chelicerata (1)
-
Mandibulata
-
Crustacea
-
Branchiopoda (1)
-
-
Insecta
-
Pterygota
-
Neoptera
-
Endopterygota
-
Coleoptera (1)
-
Hymenoptera (1)
-
-
Exopterygota
-
Isoptera (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Trilobitomorpha
-
Trilobita (2)
-
-
-
Brachiopoda (1)
-
Bryozoa (1)
-
Cnidaria
-
Anthozoa
-
Zoantharia
-
Rugosa (2)
-
-
-
-
Echinodermata
-
Crinozoa
-
Crinoidea (3)
-
-
-
Mollusca
-
Cephalopoda
-
Ammonoidea
-
Ceratitida
-
Ceratites (1)
-
-
Goniatitida
-
Goniatitidae
-
Goniatites (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Gastropoda
-
Pteropoda (1)
-
-
Tentaculitida
-
Tentaculitidae
-
Tentaculites (1)
-
-
-
-
Porifera
-
Stromatoporoidea (1)
-
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera
-
Miliolina (1)
-
Rotaliina (1)
-
Textulariina (1)
-
-
-
-
microfossils
-
Conodonta
-
Palmatolepis (1)
-
-
-
palynomorphs
-
acritarchs (1)
-
miospores
-
pollen (1)
-
-
-
Plantae
-
algae (1)
-
Pteridophyta
-
Sphenopsida (1)
-
-
Spermatophyta
-
Angiospermae (2)
-
Gymnospermae
-
Coniferales (3)
-
Cordaitales (1)
-
Pteridospermae (1)
-
-
-
-
tracks (1)
-
-
geochronology methods
-
Ar/Ar (2)
-
infrared stimulated luminescence (1)
-
K/Ar (1)
-
optical mineralogy (1)
-
optically stimulated luminescence (1)
-
paleomagnetism (2)
-
radiation damage (1)
-
Rb/Sr (1)
-
tephrochronology (3)
-
Th/U (5)
-
U/Pb (4)
-
uranium disequilibrium (3)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
Middle Ages (1)
-
middle Holocene (1)
-
Neolithic (1)
-
upper Holocene
-
Roman period (1)
-
-
-
Pleistocene
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Weichselian
-
upper Weichselian
-
Allerod (1)
-
Younger Dryas (1)
-
-
-
-
-
upper Quaternary
-
Scandinavian ice sheet (1)
-
-
-
Stone Age
-
Neolithic (1)
-
-
Tertiary
-
Florissant Lake Beds (1)
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
middle Miocene (1)
-
-
Pliocene (1)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
Green River Formation (1)
-
middle Eocene
-
Lutetian (1)
-
-
upper Eocene
-
Lattorfian (1)
-
-
-
Oligocene
-
lower Oligocene
-
Rupelian (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Cenomanian (1)
-
Maestrichtian (1)
-
Senonian (1)
-
-
-
Jurassic
-
Lower Jurassic
-
Hettangian (2)
-
lower Liassic (3)
-
Luxembourg Sandstone (1)
-
Sinemurian (1)
-
-
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic
-
Bunter
-
Voltzia Sandstone (1)
-
-
-
Middle Triassic
-
Anisian (1)
-
Muschelkalk (2)
-
-
Upper Triassic (1)
-
-
-
Paleozoic
-
Carboniferous
-
Mississippian
-
Upper Mississippian
-
Serpukhovian (1)
-
-
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Upper Pennsylvanian
-
Gzhelian (1)
-
-
-
Upper Carboniferous
-
Stephanian (1)
-
-
-
Devonian
-
Hunsruck Shale (1)
-
Lower Devonian
-
Emsian (2)
-
Siegenian (1)
-
-
Middle Devonian
-
Eifelian (1)
-
Givetian (4)
-
-
Upper Devonian
-
Famennian (2)
-
Frasnian
-
upper Frasnian (1)
-
-
-
-
Permian
-
Lower Permian
-
Cisuralian
-
Asselian (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Rhenohercynian (1)
-
Saxothuringian (1)
-
-
igneous rocks
-
extrusive rocks (1)
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites (3)
-
feldspathoid rocks (1)
-
plutonic rocks
-
syenites
-
nepheline syenite (1)
-
-
ultramafics
-
hornblendite (1)
-
peridotites
-
dunite (1)
-
harzburgite (1)
-
lherzolite (2)
-
spinel lherzolite (1)
-
spinel peridotite (1)
-
-
pyroxenite
-
websterite (1)
-
-
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
basalts
-
alkali basalts
-
alkali olivine basalt (1)
-
-
-
basanite (2)
-
glasses (2)
-
nephelinite (2)
-
phonolites (9)
-
pyroclastics
-
ignimbrite (1)
-
pumice (1)
-
tuff (1)
-
-
trachytes (1)
-
-
-
ophiolite (2)
-
wehrlite (1)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
K-bentonite (1)
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metaigneous rocks
-
serpentinite (1)
-
-
metasomatic rocks
-
serpentinite (1)
-
-
schists (2)
-
slates (2)
-
-
ophiolite (2)
-
-
meteorites
-
meteorites
-
stony meteorites
-
chondrites
-
carbonaceous chondrites (1)
-
-
-
-
-
minerals
-
alloys
-
carbides
-
moissanite (1)
-
-
nitrides (1)
-
silicides (1)
-
-
arsenates (4)
-
carbonates
-
aragonite (1)
-
cancrinite (1)
-
dolomite (1)
-
thaumasite (1)
-
-
halides
-
fluorides
-
fluorite (1)
-
-
-
K-bentonite (1)
-
minerals (5)
-
native elements
-
diamond (1)
-
graphite (1)
-
-
oxides
-
baddeleyite (2)
-
brookite (1)
-
chromite (1)
-
hydroxides (2)
-
manganite (1)
-
niobates
-
pyrochlore (2)
-
-
perovskite (2)
-
pseudobrookite (1)
-
rutile (2)
-
spinel group (1)
-
zirconolite (3)
-
-
phosphates
-
apatite (2)
-
fluorapatite (1)
-
monazite (1)
-
-
selenides (1)
-
silicates
-
chain silicates
-
amphibole group
-
clinoamphibole
-
pargasite (1)
-
-
-
pyroxene group
-
clinopyroxene
-
augite (1)
-
diopside (2)
-
hedenbergite (1)
-
-
-
rhodonite group
-
babingtonite (1)
-
-
tobermorite (1)
-
wollastonite group
-
wollastonite (1)
-
-
-
framework silicates
-
cancrinite (1)
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
adularia (1)
-
celsian (1)
-
sanidine (3)
-
-
barium feldspar
-
celsian (1)
-
-
plagioclase
-
albite (1)
-
anorthite (1)
-
-
-
leucite (2)
-
nepheline group
-
kalsilite (1)
-
nepheline (3)
-
-
silica minerals
-
agate (1)
-
chalcedony (1)
-
quartz (1)
-
tridymite (1)
-
-
sodalite group
-
hauyne (1)
-
nosean (2)
-
sodalite (1)
-
-
zeolite group
-
chabazite (3)
-
phillipsite (3)
-
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
mullite (2)
-
olivine group
-
forsterite (1)
-
olivine (2)
-
-
sillimanite (1)
-
staurolite (1)
-
thaumasite (1)
-
titanite group
-
titanite (1)
-
-
zircon group
-
zircon (7)
-
-
-
sorosilicates
-
epidote group (2)
-
melilite group
-
melilite (4)
-
-
pumpellyite group
-
julgoldite (1)
-
-
-
-
ring silicates
-
cordierite (2)
-
milarite group
-
osumilite (1)
-
roedderite (2)
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
chlorite group
-
chlorite (2)
-
clinochlore (1)
-
-
clay minerals
-
kaolinite (1)
-
smectite (1)
-
vermiculite (1)
-
-
gyrolite (1)
-
illite (1)
-
mica group
-
annite (1)
-
biotite (1)
-
fluor-phlogopite (1)
-
muscovite (1)
-
phlogopite (5)
-
-
-
-
sulfates
-
ettringite (2)
-
gypsum (1)
-
thaumasite (1)
-
-
sulfides
-
galena (1)
-
pyrite (3)
-
pyrrhotite (1)
-
stibnite (2)
-
-
sulfosalts (1)
-
tellurides (1)
-
uranium minerals (1)
-
vanadates (2)
-
wehrlite (1)
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (11)
-
Africa
-
East Africa
-
Tanzania
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Palinspastic restoration of Variscan oroclines – implications for dextral transpression and terrane affinities
Abstract The Paleozoic Variscan orogen in Europe has a markedly circuitous trace for which several different origins have been postulated, including deformation around promontories on the colliding continental margins, extrusion within the collision zone, folding of a ribbon continent and collision with a substantial dextral component. Adopting the latter assumption, unfolding of the large, steeply plunging folds (‘oroclines’) of Iberia and the Moroccan Meseta requires more than 4000 km of dextral lateral translation of Laurussia with respect to Gondwana. Constraints on the age of the folding require that this lateral translation occurred in mid-late Carboniferous time. Significant dextral translation of Laurussia with respect to Gondwana late in the Variscan collision is supported by palaeomagnetic data for the two supercontinents, although the exact timing of this relative motion is not well constrained due to large uncertainties in the palaeomagnetic pole positions. Our palinspastic reconstruction of the major Variscan folds of Iberia places the rocks of the South Portuguese Zone of western Iberia adjacent to the Rhenish Massif; for instance, as part of Avalonia. By the same token, the Sehoul Block in the Moroccan Meseta probably originated at the western end of Cadomia, although nothing in our analysis precludes it also being derived from Avalonia.