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Predicting fluid flow in reservoirs: analysis of fracture clustering in outcrop analogues
Structural traps and seals for expanding CO 2 storage in the northern Horda platform, North Sea
Time-constrained multiphase brittle tectonic evolution of the onshore mid-Norwegian passive margin
In situ laser ablation Lu–Hf geochronology of garnet across the Western Gneiss Region: campaign-style dating of metamorphism
Repeated degradation and progradation of a submarine slope over geological timescales
Resolution limits of fluid overpressures from mineralogy, porosity, and sonic velocity variations in North Sea mudrocks
SPLASH: semi-empirical prediction of landslide-generated displacement wave run-up heights
Abstract Displacement waves (or tsunamis) generated by sub-aerial landslides cause damage along shorelines over long distances, making run-up assessment a crucial component of landslide risk analysis. Although site-specific modelling provides important insight into the behaviour of potential waves, more general approaches using limited input parameters are necessary for preliminary assessments. We use a catalogue of landslide-generated displacement waves to develop semi-empirical relationships linking displacement wave run-up ( R in metres) to distance from landslide impact ( x in kilometres) and to landslide volume ( V in millions of cubic metres). For individual events, run-up decreases with distance according to power laws. Consideration of ten events demonstrates that run-up increases with landslide volume, also according to a power law. Combining these relationships gives the SPLASH equation: R = a V b x c , with best-fitted parameters a = 18.093, b = 0.57110 and c = −0.74189. The 95% prediction interval between the calculated and measured run-up values is 2.58, meaning that 5% of the measured run-up heights exceed the predicted value by a factor of 2.58 or more. This relatively large error is explained by local amplifications of wave height and run-up. Comparisons with other displacement wave models show that the SPLASH equation is a valuable tool for the first-stage preliminary hazard and risk assessment for unstable rock slopes above water bodies.