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NARROW
Format
Article Type
Journal
Publisher
Section
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
Afar (40)
-
Blue Nile (3)
-
Central Africa
-
Angola
-
Cabinda Angola (1)
-
-
Burundi (1)
-
Central African Republic (2)
-
Congo (4)
-
Congo Democratic Republic (4)
-
Gabon (3)
-
Lake Kivu (1)
-
Rwanda (1)
-
-
Congo Craton (1)
-
East Africa
-
Afar Depression (41)
-
Djibouti (47)
-
Eritrea
-
Dahlak Islands (1)
-
-
Ethiopia
-
Awash Valley (3)
-
Hadar (5)
-
Omo Valley (1)
-
Tigray Ethiopia (3)
-
Wallo Ethiopia (2)
-
-
Ethiopian Rift (16)
-
Kenya
-
Kenya Rift valley (2)
-
-
Lake Malawi (1)
-
Lake Turkana (1)
-
Malawi (4)
-
Mozambique (4)
-
Somali Republic (4)
-
Sudan (35)
-
Tanzania
-
Olduvai Gorge (2)
-
-
Uganda (4)
-
-
East African Lakes
-
Lake Albert (1)
-
Lake Kivu (1)
-
Lake Malawi (1)
-
Lake Turkana (1)
-
-
East African Rift (13)
-
Gregory Rift (1)
-
Madagascar (2)
-
Mozambique Belt (2)
-
Nile River (13)
-
Nile Valley (5)
-
North Africa
-
Algeria (4)
-
Egypt
-
Alexandria Egypt (1)
-
Eastern Desert (45)
-
Kosseir Egypt (4)
-
Middle Nile Valley (1)
-
Nile Delta (5)
-
Sinai Egypt (20)
-
Zabargad Island (3)
-
-
Libya (2)
-
Morocco
-
Rif (1)
-
-
Tunisia (2)
-
-
Nubia (2)
-
Nubian Shield (64)
-
Red Sea Hills (7)
-
Sahara (4)
-
Southern Africa
-
Lesotho (2)
-
Namibia (1)
-
South Africa (5)
-
Zimbabwe (1)
-
-
Tibesti Massif (1)
-
West Africa
-
Benin (3)
-
Cameroon (3)
-
Chad (1)
-
Gambia (1)
-
Ghana (4)
-
Guinea (1)
-
Ivory Coast (3)
-
Liberia (2)
-
Mali (1)
-
Mauritania (2)
-
Niger (1)
-
Nigeria
-
Jos Plateau (1)
-
-
Sierra Leone (1)
-
Togo (1)
-
-
-
Antarctica (2)
-
Arctic Ocean
-
Norwegian Sea (1)
-
-
Arctic region
-
Greenland (1)
-
Jan Mayen (1)
-
-
Asal Rift (18)
-
Asia
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Arabian Shield (63)
-
Oman (2)
-
Saudi Arabia
-
Ghawar Field (1)
-
Hail Saudi Arabia (2)
-
Hejaz Saudi Arabia
-
Jeddah Saudi Arabia (7)
-
-
-
United Arab Emirates (1)
-
Yemen (8)
-
-
Central Asia
-
Aral Sea (1)
-
Kazakhstan (1)
-
Pamirs (1)
-
-
Far East
-
Burma (1)
-
China
-
Xizang China (1)
-
-
Indonesia
-
Sumatra (1)
-
-
Japan
-
Honshu
-
Iwate Japan
-
Kakkonda Field (1)
-
Onikobe Field (1)
-
-
-
Ryukyu Islands
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Okinawa (1)
-
-
-
Philippine Islands (2)
-
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Himalayas (1)
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Hindu Kush (1)
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Indian Peninsula
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Bhutan (1)
-
India
-
Bihar India (1)
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Damodar Valley (1)
-
Gujarat India (1)
-
Jharkhand India
-
Karanpura coal field (1)
-
-
Karnataka India (1)
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Orissa India
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Talchir (1)
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-
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Indo-Gangetic Plain (1)
-
-
Middle East
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Cyprus (1)
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Dead Sea (5)
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Dead Sea Rift (11)
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Iran (2)
-
Iraq (2)
-
Israel
-
Elath Israel (13)
-
Makhtesh Ramon (1)
-
Negev (8)
-
Sea of Galilee (1)
-
Timna (2)
-
-
Jordan (19)
-
Syria (3)
-
Turkey
-
Anatolia (2)
-
Taurus Mountains (1)
-
-
Wadi Araba (3)
-
Zagros (1)
-
-
Russian Pacific region (1)
-
Sakhalin Russian Federation
-
Kuril Islands (1)
-
-
Southeast Asia (1)
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
Mid-Atlantic Ridge (4)
-
North Atlantic
-
Caribbean Sea (1)
-
Gulf of Mexico (3)
-
North Sea (1)
-
Northeast Atlantic (1)
-
Reykjanes Ridge (1)
-
-
South Atlantic (4)
-
-
Atlantic Ocean Islands
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Azores (1)
-
Bermuda (1)
-
-
Australasia
-
Australia
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Queensland Australia (1)
-
South Australia
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Olympic Dam Deposit (1)
-
-
-
New Zealand
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Wairakei (1)
-
-
Papua New Guinea (1)
-
-
Canada
-
Eastern Canada
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Ontario
-
Algoma District Ontario
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Elliot Lake Ontario (1)
-
-
-
-
Western Canada
-
British Columbia (1)
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Canadian Cordillera (1)
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Manitoba
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Flin Flon Manitoba (1)
-
-
-
-
Caribbean region
-
West Indies
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Bahamas (1)
-
-
-
Caspian Sea (1)
-
Central America
-
Costa Rica (1)
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Guatemala (1)
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Nicaragua (1)
-
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Cerro Prieto (1)
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Clara Mine (1)
-
Commonwealth of Independent States
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Aral Sea (1)
-
Kazakhstan (1)
-
Russian Federation
-
Murmansk Russian Federation
-
Kola Peninsula (1)
-
Lovozero Massif (1)
-
-
Russian Pacific region (1)
-
Sakhalin Russian Federation
-
Kuril Islands (1)
-
-
-
-
developing countries (1)
-
Discovery Deep (1)
-
Europe
-
Alps (1)
-
Carpathians
-
Vrancea seismic zone (1)
-
-
Central Europe
-
Black Forest (1)
-
Czech Republic
-
Moravia (1)
-
-
Germany (1)
-
-
Danube Delta (1)
-
Fennoscandian Shield (1)
-
Murmansk Russian Federation
-
Kola Peninsula (1)
-
Lovozero Massif (1)
-
-
Southern Europe
-
Balkan Mountains (1)
-
Bulgaria (1)
-
Greece
-
Crete (1)
-
Peloponnesus Greece (1)
-
-
Iberian Peninsula
-
Portugal (1)
-
Spain (1)
-
-
Ionian Zone (1)
-
Italy
-
Apennines
-
Northern Apennines (1)
-
-
Marches Italy (1)
-
Sardinia Italy (1)
-
Tuscany Italy
-
Larderello (1)
-
-
Umbria Italy (1)
-
-
Romania
-
Vrancea seismic zone (1)
-
-
-
Western Europe
-
France
-
Bouches-du-Rhone France
-
Rhone Delta (1)
-
-
Corsica (1)
-
-
Iceland (7)
-
Scandinavia
-
Sweden
-
Smaland (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Grand Banks (1)
-
Great Rift Valley (1)
-
Indian Ocean
-
Andaman Sea (1)
-
Arabian Sea
-
Gulf of Aden
-
Gulf of Tadjoura (7)
-
-
Persian Gulf (6)
-
-
Bay of Bengal (2)
-
Carlsberg Ridge (2)
-
Mid-Indian Ridge
-
Southeast Indian Ridge (1)
-
-
Red Sea
-
Atlantis II Deep (14)
-
Gulf of Aqaba (48)
-
Gulf of Suez (11)
-
Red Sea Rift (12)
-
-
-
Indian Ocean Islands
-
Kerguelen Islands (1)
-
Madagascar (2)
-
Mascarene Islands
-
Reunion (2)
-
-
Mauritius (1)
-
Seychelles (1)
-
-
Jordan Valley (1)
-
Lake Victoria (1)
-
Makran (1)
-
Malay Archipelago
-
New Guinea (1)
-
-
Mediterranean region (5)
-
Mediterranean Sea
-
East Mediterranean
-
Aegean Sea (2)
-
Black Sea (1)
-
Ionian Sea
-
Gulf of Corinth (1)
-
-
-
West Mediterranean
-
Alboran Sea (1)
-
-
-
Mexico
-
Baja California (1)
-
Puebla Mexico
-
Los Humeros (1)
-
-
Sonora Mexico (1)
-
-
North America
-
Canadian Shield (1)
-
Gulf Coastal Plain (1)
-
North American Cordillera
-
Canadian Cordillera (1)
-
-
-
North Island (1)
-
Northern Hemisphere (1)
-
Oceania
-
Polynesia
-
French Polynesia
-
Marquesas Islands (1)
-
-
-
-
Pacific Ocean
-
Central Pacific (1)
-
East Pacific
-
East Pacific Rise (2)
-
Galapagos Rift (1)
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Gulf of California (2)
-
Juan de Fuca Ridge (2)
-
-
Southeast Pacific
-
Chile Ridge (1)
-
-
-
North Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Gulf of California (2)
-
Juan de Fuca Ridge (2)
-
-
-
South Pacific
-
Southeast Pacific
-
Chile Ridge (1)
-
-
-
-
Pacific region
-
Circum-Pacific region (1)
-
-
Pacific-Antarctic Ridge (1)
-
Red Sea Basin (2)
-
Red Sea region (36)
-
Saint John Island (1)
-
Sinai (15)
-
Solar Lake (1)
-
South America
-
Brazil (2)
-
Chile (2)
-
Colombia (1)
-
Peru (1)
-
Venezuela (2)
-
-
Strait of Gibraltar (1)
-
United States
-
Atlantic Coastal Plain (1)
-
California
-
Humboldt County California (1)
-
Salton Sea (1)
-
Salton Trough (1)
-
-
Colorado (1)
-
Delaware Basin (1)
-
Florida (2)
-
Idaho (1)
-
New Hampshire (2)
-
New Mexico (1)
-
New York
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Orange County New York (1)
-
-
Oregon (1)
-
Texas (2)
-
Utah (1)
-
Washington (1)
-
Wyoming (1)
-
Wyoming Province (1)
-
Yellowstone National Park (1)
-
-
USSR (1)
-
Western Desert (1)
-
Woodlark Basin (2)
-
-
commodities
-
brines (9)
-
ceramic materials (2)
-
clay deposits (1)
-
construction materials
-
building stone (1)
-
-
energy sources (3)
-
gems (2)
-
geothermal energy (2)
-
industrial minerals (1)
-
kaolin deposits (1)
-
magnesite deposits (1)
-
metal ores
-
antimony ores (1)
-
base metals (2)
-
chromite ores (1)
-
copper ores (8)
-
gold ores (10)
-
IOCG deposits (1)
-
iron ores (2)
-
lead ores (1)
-
nickel ores (2)
-
niobium ores (2)
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palladium ores (1)
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platinum ores (3)
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polymetallic ores (3)
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rare earth deposits (2)
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silver ores (2)
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tantalum ores (2)
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thorium ores (1)
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tin ores (2)
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tungsten ores (1)
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uranium ores (1)
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zinc ores (2)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (34)
-
mineral exploration (13)
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mineral resources (3)
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nonmetal deposits (1)
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oil and gas fields (6)
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petroleum
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natural gas (11)
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-
phosphate deposits (1)
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placers (1)
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potash (3)
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talc deposits (1)
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tight sands (1)
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water resources (4)
-
-
elements, isotopes
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carbon
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C-13 (1)
-
C-13/C-12 (25)
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C-14 (10)
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organic carbon (1)
-
-
chemical ratios (9)
-
halogens
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chlorine
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chloride ion (1)
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Cl-36 (3)
-
-
-
hydrogen
-
tritium (1)
-
-
incompatible elements (1)
-
isotope ratios (49)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
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Al-26 (1)
-
Be-10 (3)
-
C-14 (10)
-
Cl-36 (3)
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (4)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (4)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (4)
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Pb-210 (1)
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Ra-226 (1)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
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tritium (1)
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U-234/Th-230 (1)
-
U-238 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13 (1)
-
C-13/C-12 (25)
-
He-3 (2)
-
He-4 (1)
-
He-4/He-3 (2)
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (2)
-
N-15/N-14 (2)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (8)
-
O-18/O-16 (27)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (4)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (4)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (4)
-
S-33/S-32 (1)
-
S-34/S-32 (6)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (24)
-
-
-
Lu/Hf (1)
-
metals
-
actinides
-
thorium
-
U-234/Th-230 (1)
-
-
uranium
-
U-234/Th-230 (1)
-
U-238 (1)
-
-
-
alkali metals
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potassium (1)
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rubidium (2)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
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barium (1)
-
beryllium
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Be-10 (3)
-
-
calcium
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Mg/Ca (1)
-
-
magnesium
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Mg/Ca (1)
-
-
radium
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Ra-226 (1)
-
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (24)
-
-
-
aluminum
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Al-26 (1)
-
-
arsenic (2)
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copper (3)
-
hafnium
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Hf-177/Hf-176 (2)
-
-
iron
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ferric iron (1)
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ferrous iron (2)
-
-
lead
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (4)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (4)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (4)
-
Pb-210 (1)
-
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manganese (4)
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molybdenum (1)
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nickel (2)
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niobium (3)
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platinum group
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iridium (1)
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palladium ores (1)
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platinum (3)
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platinum ores (3)
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rhodium (1)
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precious metals (1)
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rare earths
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cerium (2)
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europium (3)
-
lanthanum (2)
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (8)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
-
-
samarium
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
-
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ytterbium (2)
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yttrium (2)
-
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tantalum (1)
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tin (1)
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vanadium (1)
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zinc (1)
-
zirconium (1)
-
-
nitrogen
-
N-15/N-14 (2)
-
-
noble gases
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helium
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He-3 (2)
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He-4 (1)
-
He-4/He-3 (2)
-
-
-
oxygen
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dissolved oxygen (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (27)
-
-
phosphorus (1)
-
silicon (2)
-
sulfur
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S-33/S-32 (1)
-
S-34/S-32 (6)
-
-
trace metals (2)
-
-
fossils
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bacteria (1)
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borings (1)
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burrows (1)
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Chordata
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Vertebrata
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Osteichthyes
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Sarcopterygii (1)
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Placodermi (1)
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Tetrapoda
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Mammalia
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Theria
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Eutheria
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Artiodactyla
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Hippopotamidae
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Hippopotamus (1)
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Ruminantia
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Bovidae (1)
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Giraffidae (1)
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-
Suiformes
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Suidae (2)
-
-
-
Carnivora
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Fissipeda
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Ursidae
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Ursus (1)
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-
-
-
Perissodactyla
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Ceratomorpha
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Rhinocerotidae (1)
-
-
Hippomorpha
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Equidae (1)
-
-
-
Primates
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Hominidae
-
Australopithecinae
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Australopithecus
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Australopithecus afarensis (3)
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-
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Homo
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Homo erectus (1)
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Homo sapiens (3)
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simians (1)
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Proboscidea
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Elephantoidea
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Elephantidae (1)
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-
-
Rodentia
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Myomorpha
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Muridae (1)
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-
-
-
-
-
Reptilia
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Anapsida
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Testudines
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Chelonia (1)
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Diapsida
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Archosauria
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Crocodilia (1)
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Lepidosauria
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Squamata
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Lacertilia
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Mosasauridae (1)
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Sauropterygia
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Plesiosauria (1)
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-
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cyanobacteria (2)
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fossil man (2)
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fungi (1)
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ichnofossils
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Glossifungites (1)
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Skolithos (1)
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Thalassinoides (1)
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Invertebrata
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Arthropoda
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Mandibulata
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Crustacea
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Ostracoda
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Podocopida
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Cytherocopina
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Cytheracea
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Cyprideis (1)
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-
-
-
-
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Insecta
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Pterygota
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Neoptera
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Endopterygota
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Hymenoptera (1)
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Exopterygota
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Isoptera (1)
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-
-
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Trilobitomorpha
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Trilobita (1)
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-
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Brachiopoda
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Articulata
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Rhynchonellida (1)
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Terebratulida (2)
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Bryozoa (1)
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Cnidaria
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Anthozoa
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Zoantharia
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Corallimorpharia (1)
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Scleractinia (3)
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Hydrozoa (1)
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Echinodermata
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Crinozoa
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Crinoidea (1)
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Echinozoa
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Echinoidea (3)
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Mollusca
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Bivalvia (3)
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Cephalopoda (1)
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Gastropoda
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Prosobranchia (1)
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Turritellidae (1)
-
-
-
Protista
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Foraminifera
-
Miliolina
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Miliolacea (1)
-
-
Rotaliina
-
Buliminacea (1)
-
Cassidulinacea
-
Anomalinidae (1)
-
-
Globigerinacea
-
Globigerinidae
-
Globigerinoides
-
Globigerinoides ruber (3)
-
Globigerinoides sacculifer (2)
-
-
Orbulina
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Orbulina universa (1)
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Globotruncanidae (1)
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Orbitoidacea
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Amphistegina (3)
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Lepidocyclina (1)
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Rotaliacea
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Heterostegina
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Heterostegina depressa (4)
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Miogypsinidae
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Miogypsina (1)
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Nummulitidae
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Nummulites
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Operculina (2)
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Thecamoeba (1)
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Tintinnidae (1)
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Vermes
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Annelida (1)
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scolecodonts (1)
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Metazoa (1)
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microfossils
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Charophyta (1)
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Conodonta (1)
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palynomorphs
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Dinoflagellata (5)
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miospores
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pollen (4)
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Plantae
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algae
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calcareous algae (1)
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Chlorophyta
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Charophyta (1)
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Coccolithophoraceae
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Emiliania
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Emiliania huxleyi (1)
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diatoms (3)
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nannofossils (3)
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Rhodophyta
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Corallinaceae
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Lithothamnium (1)
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Bryophyta (1)
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Spermatophyta
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Angiospermae
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Dicotyledoneae (1)
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Gymnospermae
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Coniferales (1)
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Cordaitales (1)
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thallophytes (6)
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geochronology methods
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(U-Th)/He (1)
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Ar/Ar (18)
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exposure age (3)
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fission-track dating (2)
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K/Ar (10)
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Lu/Hf (1)
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paleomagnetism (7)
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Pb/Pb (2)
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radiation damage (1)
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Rb/Sr (9)
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tephrochronology (4)
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thermoluminescence (1)
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tree rings (1)
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U/Pb (29)
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uranium disequilibrium (1)
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geologic age
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Cenozoic
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Koobi Fora Formation (1)
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Quaternary
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Holocene
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lower Holocene (1)
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Mesolithic (3)
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Neolithic (1)
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Pleistocene
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middle Pleistocene (2)
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upper Pleistocene (9)
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upper Quaternary (3)
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Shungura Formation (1)
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Stone Age
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Paleolithic
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Tertiary
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Neogene
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Miocene
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lower Miocene
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Burdigalian (1)
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middle Miocene
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Langhian (1)
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upper Miocene
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Messinian (1)
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Tortonian (1)
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Wanapum Basalt (1)
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Pliocene
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Hadar Formation (11)
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lower Pliocene (3)
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upper Pliocene (2)
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Paleogene
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Eocene
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Clarno Formation (1)
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lower Eocene (1)
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upper Eocene (1)
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Oligocene
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upper Oligocene (4)
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Paleocene
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lower Paleocene
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Danian (1)
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Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (2)
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upper Tertiary (1)
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upper Cenozoic (2)
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Lower Cretaceous (3)
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Upper Cretaceous
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Campanian (3)
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Duwi Formation (2)
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Ghareb Formation (1)
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Maestrichtian (1)
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Senonian (3)
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Turonian (2)
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Jurassic
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Lower Jurassic
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Toarcian (1)
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Middle Jurassic
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Aalenian (1)
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Upper Jurassic
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Arab Formation (1)
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Hanifa Formation (1)
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Malm (1)
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Triassic (5)
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Paleozoic
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Cambrian
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Lower Cambrian (2)
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Carboniferous (2)
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Devonian
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Lower Devonian
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Emsian (1)
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Pragian (1)
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Middle Devonian
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Eifelian (1)
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Ordovician
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Upper Ordovician
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Hirnantian (1)
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Permian
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Castile Formation (1)
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Khuff Formation (2)
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Unayzah Formation (1)
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Silurian
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Lower Silurian
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Llandovery
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Aeronian (1)
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Qalibah Formation (1)
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Talchir Formation (1)
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upper Paleozoic (1)
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Phanerozoic (3)
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Precambrian
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Archean (3)
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Eocambrian (1)
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upper Precambrian
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Proterozoic
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Mesoproterozoic
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Neoproterozoic
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Cryogenian (4)
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Riphean (1)
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Sturtian (2)
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Tonian (3)
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Paleoproterozoic (4)
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igneous rocks
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igneous rocks
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carbonatites (2)
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feldspathoid rocks (1)
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kimberlite (1)
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plutonic rocks
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diabase (2)
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tonalite (2)
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essexite (1)
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gabbros
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norite (2)
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granites
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alkali granites (5)
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aplite (1)
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A-type granites (8)
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charnockite (1)
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I-type granites (2)
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leucogranite (1)
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granodiorites (4)
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ijolite (1)
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monzodiorite (1)
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pegmatite (5)
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syenites
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nepheline syenite
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agpaite (1)
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quartz syenite (2)
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ultramafics
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chromitite (2)
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peridotites
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dunite (1)
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harzburgite (6)
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lherzolite (4)
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spinel lherzolite (3)
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spinel peridotite (1)
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pyroxenite
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clinopyroxenite (1)
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websterite (2)
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-
-
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volcanic rocks
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andesites (3)
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basalts
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alkali basalts
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alkali olivine basalt (3)
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hawaiite (6)
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mugearite (3)
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flood basalts (10)
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mid-ocean ridge basalts (5)
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ocean-island basalts (1)
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olivine basalt (1)
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olivine tholeiite (1)
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tholeiite (3)
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trap rocks (1)
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basanite (2)
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benmoreite (1)
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glasses
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volcanic glass (1)
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leucitite (1)
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phonolites (3)
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pyroclastics
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ignimbrite (4)
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tuff (7)
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rhyodacites (1)
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rhyolites
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quartz porphyry (1)
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trachyandesites (2)
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trachytes (5)
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ophiolite (19)
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volcanic ash (1)
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metamorphic rocks
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metamorphic rocks
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amphibolites (2)
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gneisses
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granulites (1)
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marbles (1)
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metaigneous rocks
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metadiabase (1)
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metagabbro (1)
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metagranite (1)
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metapyroxenite (1)
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serpentinite (5)
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metasedimentary rocks
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paragneiss (1)
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metasomatic rocks
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apogranite (1)
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greisen (5)
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serpentinite (5)
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metavolcanic rocks (5)
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migmatites (1)
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mylonites (2)
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quartzites (1)
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schists
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greenschist (1)
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-
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ophiolite (19)
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turbidite (1)
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minerals
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alabaster (1)
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alloys (1)
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arsenates (1)
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arsenides
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arsenopyrite (1)
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arsenites
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mixite (1)
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carbonates
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aragonite (3)
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bastnaesite (2)
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calcite (5)
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dolomite (2)
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magnesite (2)
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parisite (1)
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rhodochrosite (1)
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halides
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chlorides (1)
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fluorides
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bastnaesite (2)
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parisite (1)
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-
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iron minerals (1)
-
minerals (5)
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organic minerals
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amber (2)
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oxides
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chrome spinel (1)
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chromite (1)
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goethite (3)
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hematite (1)
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hollandite (1)
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hydroxides
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oxyhydroxides (1)
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iron oxides (4)
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lepidocrocite (1)
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manganese oxides (1)
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niobates
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columbite (4)
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euxenite (1)
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pyrochlore (1)
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samarskite (1)
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rutile (2)
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spinel group (2)
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tantalates
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euxenite (1)
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tantalite (2)
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-
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phosphates
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apatite (5)
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hydroxylapatite (1)
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xenotime (1)
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silicates
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chain silicates
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amphibole group
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clinoamphibole
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pargasite (1)
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-
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pyroxene group
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clinopyroxene (4)
-
-
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framework silicates
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feldspar group
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alkali feldspar
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K-feldspar (2)
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plagioclase
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albite (2)
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bytownite (1)
-
-
-
silica minerals
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opal (2)
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quartz (5)
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zeolite group (1)
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garnierite (1)
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orthosilicates
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nesosilicates
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garnet group (1)
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olivine group
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olivine (3)
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-
zircon group
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thorite (2)
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zircon (27)
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-
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sorosilicates
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epidote group
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epidote (1)
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ilvaite (1)
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-
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ring silicates
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tourmaline group (1)
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sheet silicates
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chlorite group
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chlorite (2)
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clay minerals
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kaolinite (4)
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nontronite (1)
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smectite (5)
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vermiculite (1)
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illite (2)
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margarite (1)
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mica group
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annite (1)
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muscovite (2)
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palygorskite (2)
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serpentine group
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antigorite (1)
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talc (1)
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-
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sulfates
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anhydrite (2)
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celestine (1)
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gypsum (3)
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sulfides
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arsenopyrite (1)
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bohdanowiczite (1)
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chalcopyrite (1)
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millerite (1)
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nickel sulfides (1)
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pentlandite (1)
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pyrite (3)
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tellurides (3)
-
-
Primary terms
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absolute age (73)
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Africa
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Afar (40)
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Blue Nile (3)
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Central Africa
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Angola
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Cabinda Angola (1)
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Burundi (1)
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Central African Republic (2)
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Congo (4)
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Congo Democratic Republic (4)
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Gabon (3)
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Rwanda (1)
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Congo Craton (1)
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East Africa
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Afar Depression (41)
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Djibouti (47)
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Eritrea
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Dahlak Islands (1)
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-
Ethiopia
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Awash Valley (3)
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Hadar (5)
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Omo Valley (1)
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Tigray Ethiopia (3)
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Wallo Ethiopia (2)
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Ethiopian Rift (16)
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Kenya
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Kenya Rift valley (2)
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Lake Malawi (1)
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Lake Turkana (1)
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Malawi (4)
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Mozambique (4)
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Somali Republic (4)
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Sudan (35)
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Tanzania
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Olduvai Gorge (2)
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Uganda (4)
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East African Lakes
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Lake Albert (1)
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Lake Kivu (1)
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Lake Malawi (1)
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Lake Turkana (1)
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East African Rift (13)
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Gregory Rift (1)
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Madagascar (2)
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Mozambique Belt (2)
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Nile River (13)
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Nile Valley (5)
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North Africa
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Algeria (4)
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Egypt
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Alexandria Egypt (1)
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Eastern Desert (45)
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Kosseir Egypt (4)
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Middle Nile Valley (1)
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Nile Delta (5)
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Sinai Egypt (20)
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Zabargad Island (3)
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Libya (2)
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Morocco
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Rif (1)
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Tunisia (2)
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Nubia (2)
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Nubian Shield (64)
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Red Sea Hills (7)
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Sahara (4)
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Southern Africa
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Lesotho (2)
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Namibia (1)
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South Africa (5)
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Zimbabwe (1)
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Tibesti Massif (1)
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West Africa
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Benin (3)
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Cameroon (3)
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Chad (1)
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Gambia (1)
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Ghana (4)
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Ivory Coast (3)
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Mali (1)
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Mauritania (2)
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Niger (1)
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Nigeria
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Jos Plateau (1)
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Sierra Leone (1)
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Togo (1)
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Antarctica (2)
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Arctic Ocean
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Arctic region
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Greenland (1)
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Jan Mayen (1)
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Asia
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Arabian Peninsula
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Arabian Shield (63)
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United Arab Emirates (1)
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Central Asia
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Far East
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Indonesia
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Japan
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Honshu
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Ryukyu Islands
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Philippine Islands (2)
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Indian Peninsula
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India
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Talchir (1)
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Indo-Gangetic Plain (1)
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Middle East
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Jordan (19)
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Wadi Araba (3)
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Russian Pacific region (1)
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Sakhalin Russian Federation
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Southeast Asia (1)
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Atlantic Ocean
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Mid-Atlantic Ridge (4)
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North Atlantic
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atmosphere (3)
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Australasia
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Australia
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Olympic Dam Deposit (1)
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New Zealand
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bacteria (1)
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bibliography (1)
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biogeography (7)
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biography (1)
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brines (9)
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Canada
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Eastern Canada
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Ontario
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Elliot Lake Ontario (1)
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Western Canada
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British Columbia (1)
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carbon
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C-13/C-12 (25)
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C-14 (10)
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organic carbon (1)
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Caribbean region
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West Indies
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Caspian Sea (1)
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catalogs (2)
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Cenozoic
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Koobi Fora Formation (1)
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Omo Group (1)
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Quaternary
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Holocene
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lower Holocene (1)
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Mesolithic (3)
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Neolithic (1)
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upper Holocene (2)
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Pleistocene
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middle Pleistocene (2)
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upper Pleistocene (9)
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upper Quaternary (3)
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Shungura Formation (1)
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Stone Age
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Mesolithic (3)
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Neolithic (1)
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Paleolithic
-
Acheulian (1)
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-
-
Tertiary
-
John Day Formation (1)
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Neogene
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Miocene
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lower Miocene
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Burdigalian (1)
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middle Miocene
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Langhian (1)
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-
upper Miocene
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Messinian (1)
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Tortonian (1)
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-
Wanapum Basalt (1)
-
-
Pliocene
-
Hadar Formation (11)
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lower Pliocene (3)
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upper Pliocene (2)
-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
Clarno Formation (1)
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lower Eocene (1)
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upper Eocene (1)
-
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Oligocene
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upper Oligocene (4)
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-
Paleocene
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lower Paleocene
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Danian (1)
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-
-
Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (2)
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upper Tertiary (1)
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upper Cenozoic (2)
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Central America
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ceramic materials (2)
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chemical analysis (1)
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Chordata
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Osteichthyes
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Tetrapoda
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Mammalia
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Artiodactyla
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Ruminantia
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Suiformes
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Carnivora
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Perissodactyla
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Equidae (1)
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Primates
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Hominidae
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Australopithecinae
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Australopithecus
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Australopithecus afarensis (3)
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Homo
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Homo erectus (1)
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simians (1)
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Proboscidea
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Rodentia
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Muridae (1)
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Reptilia
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Squamata
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Mosasauridae (1)
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Sauropterygia
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Plesiosauria (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
clay deposits (1)
-
clay mineralogy (7)
-
climate change (13)
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conservation (1)
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construction materials
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building stone (1)
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continental drift (11)
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continental shelf (4)
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continental slope (3)
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crust (66)
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crystal chemistry (9)
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crystal growth (3)
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crystal structure (4)
-
data processing (18)
-
Deep Sea Drilling Project
-
Leg 23
-
DSDP Site 225 (1)
-
DSDP Site 227 (2)
-
-
-
deformation (27)
-
diagenesis (22)
-
earthquakes (43)
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ecology (9)
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economic geology (22)
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electron microscopy (2)
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energy sources (3)
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Europe
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Alps (1)
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Carpathians
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Vrancea seismic zone (1)
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Central Europe
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Black Forest (1)
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Czech Republic
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Germany (1)
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Danube Delta (1)
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Murmansk Russian Federation
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Southern Europe
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Balkan Mountains (1)
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Bulgaria (1)
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Iberian Peninsula
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Ionian Zone (1)
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Italy
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Apennines
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Marches Italy (1)
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Larderello (1)
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Umbria Italy (1)
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Romania
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Vrancea seismic zone (1)
-
-
-
Western Europe
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France
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Bouches-du-Rhone France
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Rhone Delta (1)
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Corsica (1)
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Iceland (7)
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Scandinavia
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Sweden
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Smaland (1)
-
-
-
-
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explosions (1)
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faults (103)
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folds (15)
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foliation (5)
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fossil man (2)
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foundations (2)
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fungi (1)
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gems (2)
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geochemistry (87)
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geochronology (26)
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geodesy (5)
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geophysical methods (50)
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geothermal energy (2)
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glacial geology (6)
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ground water (14)
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heat flow (5)
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hydrogen
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tritium (1)
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hydrology (7)
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ichnofossils
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Glossifungites (1)
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Skolithos (1)
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Thalassinoides (1)
-
-
igneous rocks
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carbonatites (2)
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feldspathoid rocks (1)
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kimberlite (1)
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plutonic rocks
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diabase (2)
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diorites
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plagiogranite (2)
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quartz diorites (1)
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tonalite (2)
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essexite (1)
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gabbros
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norite (2)
-
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granites
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alkali granites (5)
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aplite (1)
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A-type granites (8)
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charnockite (1)
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I-type granites (2)
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leucogranite (1)
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granodiorites (4)
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ijolite (1)
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monzodiorite (1)
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pegmatite (5)
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syenites
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nepheline syenite
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agpaite (1)
-
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quartz syenite (2)
-
-
ultramafics
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chromitite (2)
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peridotites
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dunite (1)
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harzburgite (6)
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lherzolite (4)
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spinel lherzolite (3)
-
spinel peridotite (1)
-
-
pyroxenite
-
clinopyroxenite (1)
-
websterite (2)
-
-
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites (3)
-
basalts
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alkali basalts
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alkali olivine basalt (3)
-
hawaiite (6)
-
mugearite (3)
-
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flood basalts (10)
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mid-ocean ridge basalts (5)
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ocean-island basalts (1)
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olivine basalt (1)
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olivine tholeiite (1)
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tholeiite (3)
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trap rocks (1)
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basanite (2)
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benmoreite (1)
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dacites (1)
-
glasses
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volcanic glass (1)
-
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leucitite (1)
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phonolites (3)
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pyroclastics
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ignimbrite (4)
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tuff (7)
-
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rhyodacites (1)
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rhyolites
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pantellerite (1)
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quartz porphyry (1)
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trachyandesites (2)
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trachytes (5)
-
-
-
inclusions
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fluid inclusions (7)
-
-
Indian Ocean
-
Andaman Sea (1)
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Arabian Sea
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Gulf of Aden
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Gulf of Tadjoura (7)
-
-
Persian Gulf (6)
-
-
Bay of Bengal (2)
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Carlsberg Ridge (2)
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Mid-Indian Ridge
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Southeast Indian Ridge (1)
-
-
Red Sea
-
Atlantis II Deep (14)
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Gulf of Aqaba (48)
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Gulf of Suez (11)
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Red Sea Rift (12)
-
-
-
Indian Ocean Islands
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Kerguelen Islands (1)
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Madagascar (2)
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Mascarene Islands
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Reunion (2)
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Mauritius (1)
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Seychelles (1)
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industrial minerals (1)
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intrusions (39)
-
Invertebrata
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Arthropoda
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Mandibulata
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Crustacea
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Ostracoda
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Podocopida
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Cytherocopina
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Cytheracea
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Cyprideis (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Insecta
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Pterygota
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Neoptera
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Endopterygota
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Hymenoptera (1)
-
-
Exopterygota
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Isoptera (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Trilobitomorpha
-
Trilobita (1)
-
-
-
Brachiopoda
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Articulata
-
Rhynchonellida (1)
-
Terebratulida (2)
-
-
-
Bryozoa (1)
-
Cnidaria
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Anthozoa
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Zoantharia
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Corallimorpharia (1)
-
Scleractinia (3)
-
-
-
Hydrozoa (1)
-
-
Echinodermata
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Crinozoa
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Crinoidea (1)
-
-
Echinozoa
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Echinoidea (3)
-
-
-
Mollusca
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Bivalvia (3)
-
Cephalopoda (1)
-
Gastropoda
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Prosobranchia (1)
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Turritellidae (1)
-
-
-
Protista
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Foraminifera
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Miliolina
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Miliolacea (1)
-
-
Rotaliina
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Buliminacea (1)
-
Cassidulinacea
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Anomalinidae (1)
-
-
Globigerinacea
-
Globigerinidae
-
Globigerinoides
-
Globigerinoides ruber (3)
-
Globigerinoides sacculifer (2)
-
-
Orbulina
-
Orbulina universa (1)
-
-
-
Globotruncanidae (1)
-
-
Orbitoidacea
-
Amphistegina (3)
-
Lepidocyclina (1)
-
-
Rotaliacea
-
Heterostegina
-
Heterostegina depressa (4)
-
-
Miogypsinidae
-
Miogypsina (1)
-
-
Nummulitidae
-
Nummulites
-
Operculina (2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Thecamoeba (1)
-
Tintinnidae (1)
-
-
Vermes
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Annelida (1)
-
scolecodonts (1)
-
-
-
isostasy (4)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Al-26 (1)
-
Be-10 (3)
-
C-14 (10)
-
Cl-36 (3)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (4)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (4)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (4)
-
Pb-210 (1)
-
Ra-226 (1)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
-
tritium (1)
-
U-234/Th-230 (1)
-
U-238 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13 (1)
-
C-13/C-12 (25)
-
He-3 (2)
-
He-4 (1)
-
He-4/He-3 (2)
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (2)
-
N-15/N-14 (2)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (8)
-
O-18/O-16 (27)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (4)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (4)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (4)
-
S-33/S-32 (1)
-
S-34/S-32 (6)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (24)
-
-
-
kaolin deposits (1)
-
land use (2)
-
lava (18)
-
lineation (3)
-
magmas (48)
-
magnesite deposits (1)
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Malay Archipelago
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New Guinea (1)
-
-
mantle (43)
-
marine geology (6)
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Mediterranean region (5)
-
Mediterranean Sea
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East Mediterranean
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Aegean Sea (2)
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Black Sea (1)
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Ionian Sea
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Gulf of Corinth (1)
-
-
-
West Mediterranean
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Alboran Sea (1)
-
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous (3)
-
Upper Cretaceous
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Campanian (3)
-
Duwi Formation (2)
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Ghareb Formation (1)
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Maestrichtian (1)
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Senonian (3)
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Turonian (2)
-
-
-
Jurassic
-
Lower Jurassic
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Toarcian (1)
-
-
Middle Jurassic
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Aalenian (1)
-
-
Upper Jurassic
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Arab Formation (1)
-
Hanifa Formation (1)
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Malm (1)
-
-
-
Triassic (5)
-
-
metal ores
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antimony ores (1)
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base metals (2)
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chromite ores (1)
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copper ores (8)
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gold ores (10)
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IOCG deposits (1)
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iron ores (2)
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lead ores (1)
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nickel ores (2)
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niobium ores (2)
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palladium ores (1)
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platinum ores (3)
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polymetallic ores (3)
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rare earth deposits (2)
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silver ores (2)
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tantalum ores (2)
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thorium ores (1)
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tin ores (2)
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tungsten ores (1)
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uranium ores (1)
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zinc ores (2)
-
-
metals
-
actinides
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thorium
-
U-234/Th-230 (1)
-
-
uranium
-
U-234/Th-230 (1)
-
U-238 (1)
-
-
-
alkali metals
-
potassium (1)
-
rubidium (2)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
barium (1)
-
beryllium
-
Be-10 (3)
-
-
calcium
-
Mg/Ca (1)
-
-
magnesium
-
Mg/Ca (1)
-
-
radium
-
Ra-226 (1)
-
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (24)
-
-
-
aluminum
-
Al-26 (1)
-
-
arsenic (2)
-
copper (3)
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (2)
-
-
iron
-
ferric iron (1)
-
ferrous iron (2)
-
-
lead
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (4)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (4)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (4)
-
Pb-210 (1)
-
-
manganese (4)
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molybdenum (1)
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nickel (2)
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niobium (3)
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platinum group
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iridium (1)
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palladium ores (1)
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platinum (3)
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platinum ores (3)
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rhodium (1)
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precious metals (1)
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rare earths
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cerium (2)
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europium (3)
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lanthanum (2)
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (8)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
-
-
samarium
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
-
-
ytterbium (2)
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yttrium (2)
-
-
tantalum (1)
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tin (1)
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vanadium (1)
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zinc (1)
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zirconium (1)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (2)
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cataclasites (1)
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gneisses
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paragneiss (1)
-
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granulites (1)
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listwanite (1)
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marbles (1)
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metaigneous rocks
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metadiabase (1)
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metagabbro (1)
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metagranite (1)
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metapyroxenite (1)
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serpentinite (5)
-
-
metasedimentary rocks
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paragneiss (1)
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metasomatic rocks
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apogranite (1)
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greisen (5)
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serpentinite (5)
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metavolcanic rocks (5)
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migmatites (1)
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mylonites (2)
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quartzites (1)
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schists
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greenschist (1)
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-
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metamorphism (13)
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metasomatism (34)
-
Mexico
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Baja California (1)
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Puebla Mexico
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Sonora Mexico (1)
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mineral deposits, genesis (34)
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mineral exploration (13)
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mineralogy (6)
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minerals (5)
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Mohorovicic discontinuity (5)
-
nitrogen
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N-15/N-14 (2)
-
-
noble gases
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helium
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He-3 (2)
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He-4 (1)
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He-4/He-3 (2)
-
-
-
nonmetal deposits (1)
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North America
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Canadian Shield (1)
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Gulf Coastal Plain (1)
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North American Cordillera
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Canadian Cordillera (1)
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-
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Northern Hemisphere (1)
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ocean basins (3)
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ocean circulation (4)
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ocean floors (15)
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Oceania
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Polynesia
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French Polynesia
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Marquesas Islands (1)
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-
-
-
oceanography (16)
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oil and gas fields (6)
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orogeny (14)
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oxygen
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dissolved oxygen (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (27)
-
-
Pacific Ocean
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Central Pacific (1)
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East Pacific
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East Pacific Rise (2)
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Galapagos Rift (1)
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Northeast Pacific
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Gulf of California (2)
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Juan de Fuca Ridge (2)
-
-
Southeast Pacific
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Chile Ridge (1)
-
-
-
North Pacific
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Northeast Pacific
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Gulf of California (2)
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Juan de Fuca Ridge (2)
-
-
-
South Pacific
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Southeast Pacific
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Chile Ridge (1)
-
-
-
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Pacific region
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Circum-Pacific region (1)
-
-
paleobotany (5)
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paleoclimatology (27)
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paleoecology (14)
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paleogeography (16)
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paleomagnetism (7)
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paleontology (14)
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Paleozoic
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Cambrian
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Lower Cambrian (2)
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Carboniferous (2)
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Devonian
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Lower Devonian
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Emsian (1)
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Pragian (1)
-
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Middle Devonian
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Eifelian (1)
-
-
-
Ordovician
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Upper Ordovician
-
Hirnantian (1)
-
-
-
Permian
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Castile Formation (1)
-
Khuff Formation (2)
-
Unayzah Formation (1)
-
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian
-
Llandovery
-
Aeronian (1)
-
-
Qalibah Formation (1)
-
-
-
Talchir Formation (1)
-
upper Paleozoic (1)
-
-
palynology (1)
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palynomorphs
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acritarchs (1)
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Chitinozoa (1)
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Dinoflagellata (5)
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miospores
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pollen (4)
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-
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paragenesis (10)
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petroleum
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natural gas (11)
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petrology (41)
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Phanerozoic (3)
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phase equilibria (6)
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phosphate deposits (1)
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phosphorus (1)
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placers (1)
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Plantae
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algae
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calcareous algae (1)
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Chlorophyta
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Charophyta (1)
-
-
Coccolithophoraceae
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Emiliania
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Emiliania huxleyi (1)
-
-
-
diatoms (3)
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nannofossils (3)
-
Rhodophyta
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Corallinaceae
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Lithothamnium (1)
-
-
-
-
Bryophyta (1)
-
Spermatophyta
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Angiospermae
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Dicotyledoneae (1)
-
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Gymnospermae
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Coniferales (1)
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Cordaitales (1)
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-
-
-
plate tectonics (112)
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pollution (6)
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potash (3)
-
Precambrian
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Archean (3)
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Eocambrian (1)
-
upper Precambrian
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Proterozoic
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Mesoproterozoic
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Stenian (1)
-
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Neoproterozoic
-
Cryogenian (4)
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Ediacaran (5)
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Infracambrian (1)
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Riphean (1)
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Sturtian (2)
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Tonian (3)
-
-
Paleoproterozoic (4)
-
-
-
-
Red Sea region (36)
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reefs (14)
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remote sensing (34)
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reservoirs (1)
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roads (3)
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rock mechanics (4)
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sea water (12)
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sea-floor spreading (24)
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sea-level changes (19)
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sedimentary petrology (18)
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sedimentary rocks
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carbonate rocks
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beachrock (4)
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chalk (1)
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dolostone (2)
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grainstone (1)
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limestone
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micrite (1)
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microbialite (1)
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packstone (1)
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chemically precipitated rocks
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chert (2)
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salt (3)
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iron formations (1)
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clastic rocks
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arenite (1)
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coal
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oil shale (1)
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sedimentary structures
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biogenic structures
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algal structures
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algal mats (4)
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bioturbation (2)
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planar bedding structures
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secondary structures
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seismites (1)
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soft sediment deformation
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turbidity current structures
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load casts (1)
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sedimentation (39)
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sediments
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dust (1)
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marine sediments (22)
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seismology (14)
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Clay soils (1)
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Entisols (1)
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South America
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Brazil (2)
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springs (1)
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stratigraphy (28)
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structural geology (25)
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sulfur
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S-33/S-32 (1)
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S-34/S-32 (6)
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symposia (1)
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tectonics
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United States
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California
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
REMOTE SENSING-BASED DISCRIMINATION OF HIGHLY FRACTIONATED GRANITE: AN APPLICATION FROM THE HUMR AKARIM AREA ( southeastern desert, Egypt ) Available to Purchase
Integrated carbonate-siliciclastic sediment-routing systems in the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea Available to Purchase
Insights on the structural framework of the Egyptian Eastern Desert derived from edge detectors of gravity data Available to Purchase
Throw distribution across the Dabbahu–Manda Hararo dike-induced fault array: Implications for rifting and faulting Available to Purchase
Comprehensive assessment of A-type granite from south Sinai, Egypt: geochemistry, zircon geochemistry and geochronology Available to Purchase
Fractures and faults across intrusion-induced forced folds: a georesource perspective Open Access
Abstract Intruding magma can create space by uplift and elastic bending of the overburden, which locally fractures the deforming volume and produces flat-topped or dome-like forced folds. Here, I map such fracture networks and quantify their geometry and connectivity across a range of natural and modelled intrusion-induced forced folds. I show that there is a positive relationship between forced fold length and amplitude, and all fracture networks comprise traces, with variable lengths and orientations, that are more intense and denser where fold curvature is greatest. Fracture length populations are typically best described by power-law distributions, but some fit better to log-normal or exponential distributions. Connectivity of fracture networks is low and generally increases with folding, but resurfacing by eruptive products can disrupt this trend. My work supports previous analyses of forced folds and fractures, suggesting that we can use the fracture characteristics of exposed forced folds to predict that of buried forced folds. Due to their geometry and fracture network, intrusion-induced forced folds make ideal fluid traps. As these forced folds are common in many volcanic settings and sedimentary basins, we should consider their potential as exploration targets for water, magmatic-related mineral and metal deposits, and particularly CO 2 storage.
Central Afar: An analogue for oceanic plateau development Open Access
MEDITERRANEAN IMPRINT ON CORAL DIVERSITY IN THE INCIPIENT RED SEA (BURDIGALIAN, SAUDI ARABIA) Available to Purchase
The tectonostratigraphic latitudinal record of the eastern Red Sea margin Open Access
Training the creation, visualization and interpretation of fault maps for the subsurface – using tectonic geomorphology Open Access
Abstract Fault mapping is essential for understanding subsurface geological structure. However, effective training of students in developing and understanding fault patterns in 3D seismic imagery is impeded by the time-investment needed to acquire competence using software and then creating depth-structure maps of stratal horizons. Here an exercise is laid out that can achieve the desired experience – using the young fault systems of Afar (Djibouti), where former land-surface-defining basalt flows are offset by arrays of normal faults. The top-basalt surface, displayed on GoogleEarth, is in effect a depth-structure map and the gaps (‘fault-loss’) in this surface approximate to exposed fault surfaces. The mapping exercise is described and illustrated here step-wise. The fault system is gradually mapped out to reveal examples of long-continuous faults, branching patterns, relaying faults and isolated fault segments. Alternative criteria for identifying faults can be examined, with analogies in seismic interpretation. This can inform discussion of the approaches and uncertainties inherent in mapping faults in the subsurface. The study may be extended to consider the pattern of early–syn-rift depositional systems. Collectively these tasks can be progressed within an hour or so, providing effective insights into the structure of normal fault systems that cannot be replicated by conventional fieldwork.