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NARROW
Format
Article Type
Journal
Publisher
Section
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
Afar (1)
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Central Africa
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Angola
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Cabinda Angola (1)
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Burundi (1)
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Central African Republic (2)
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Congo (2)
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Congo Democratic Republic (4)
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Gabon (3)
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Lake Kivu (1)
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Rwanda (1)
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Congo Craton (1)
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East Africa
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Afar Depression (3)
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Djibouti (1)
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Eritrea (1)
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Ethiopia
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Awash Valley (1)
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Hadar (3)
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Omo River (1)
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Omo Valley (4)
-
-
Ethiopian Rift (2)
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Kenya
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Fort Ternan Kenya (2)
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Kenya Rift valley (35)
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Lake Magadi (10)
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Mount Kenya (5)
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Nairobi Kenya (2)
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Nakuru Basin (1)
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Turkana District (2)
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Lake Natron (4)
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Lake Turkana (27)
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Malawi (3)
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Mozambique (8)
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Somali Republic (3)
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Sudan (3)
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Tanzania
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Kilimanjaro (5)
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Laetoli (3)
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Oldoinyo Lengai (46)
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Olduvai Gorge (30)
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Turkana Basin (16)
-
Uganda (11)
-
-
East African Lakes
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Lake Albert (1)
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Lake Baringo (2)
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Lake Kivu (1)
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Lake Magadi (10)
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Lake Natron (4)
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Lake Tanganyika (2)
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Lake Turkana (27)
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East African Rift (63)
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Gregory Rift (12)
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Madagascar
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Mahajanga Basin (2)
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Mozambique Belt (10)
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Nile River (2)
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North Africa
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Algeria (1)
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Egypt
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Eastern Desert (1)
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Libya
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Sirte Basin (1)
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Nubian Shield (1)
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Sahara (1)
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Southern Africa
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Kaapvaal Craton (1)
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Kalahari Craton (1)
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Karoo Basin (1)
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Lesotho (1)
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Namibia (2)
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South Africa (6)
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Zimbabwe (2)
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West Africa
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Benin (3)
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Chad (1)
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Ghana (4)
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Liberia (2)
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Mali (1)
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Mauritania (2)
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Nigeria (4)
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Sierra Leone (2)
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Togo (1)
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West African Craton (1)
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Zimbabwe Craton (1)
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Antarctica
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Arctic region
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Greenland
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Asia
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Arabian Peninsula
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Central Asia
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Kazakhstan (1)
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Far East
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China
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Vietnam (2)
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India
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Middle East
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Turkey
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Sayan
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Atlantic Ocean
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Australasia
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Australia
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Western Australia
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New Zealand
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Taupo volcanic zone (2)
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Azerbaijan region (1)
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Black Hills (1)
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Canada
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Caribbean region
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West Indies
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Antilles
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Lesser Antilles
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Cascade Range (1)
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Central America
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Guatemala (1)
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Commonwealth of Independent States
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Kazakhstan (1)
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Russian Federation
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Murmansk Russian Federation
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Siberian Platform (1)
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Tajikistan (1)
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developing countries (1)
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Eurasia (1)
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Europe
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Alps
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Western Alps
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Central Europe
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Germany
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Murmansk Russian Federation
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Southern Europe
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Iberian Peninsula
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Italy
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Piemonte Italy
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Tuscany Italy
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Variscides (1)
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Western Europe
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Cottian Alps
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Dora Maira Massif (1)
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France
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Iceland (1)
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Scandinavia
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Norway (1)
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United Kingdom
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England
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Franklin Mountains (1)
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Great Rift Valley (11)
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Green River basin (1)
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Indian Ocean
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Arabian Sea
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Gulf of Oman (1)
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Dampier Sub-basin (1)
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Red Sea
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Gulf of Suez (3)
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West Indian Ocean (1)
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Indian Ocean Islands
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Madagascar
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Mahajanga Basin (2)
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Mauritius (1)
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Mediterranean region (1)
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Mediterranean Sea (2)
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North America (1)
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North Island (2)
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Oceania
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Melanesia
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Vanuatu (1)
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Micronesia (1)
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Polynesia (1)
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-
Pacific Ocean
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South Pacific
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Southwest Pacific
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Coral Sea
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Great Barrier Reef (1)
-
-
-
-
West Pacific
-
Southwest Pacific
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Coral Sea
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Great Barrier Reef (1)
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Pacific region (1)
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Red Sea region (2)
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Shark Bay (1)
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South America
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Brazil (3)
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Colombia (1)
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South Island (1)
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Strait of Gibraltar (1)
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United States
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California
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Los Angeles County California
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Southern California (1)
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Colorado (1)
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Florida
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Florida Keys
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Monroe County Florida
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Key Largo (1)
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-
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South Dakota (1)
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Utah (1)
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Washakie Basin (2)
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Washington
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Skamania County Washington
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Wyoming
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Sweetwater County Wyoming (1)
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Vulture Mountain (1)
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commodities
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gems (8)
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metal ores
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gold ores (1)
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nickel ores (1)
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mineral deposits, genesis (8)
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mineral exploration (2)
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mineral resources (1)
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oil and gas fields (1)
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petroleum
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natural gas (3)
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phosphate deposits (1)
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placers
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beach placers (1)
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ruby (2)
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vermiculite deposits (1)
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water resources (3)
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zircon deposits (1)
-
-
elements, isotopes
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carbon
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C-13/C-12 (13)
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C-14 (1)
-
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chemical elements (1)
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halogens
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chlorine (2)
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fluorine (5)
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hydrogen
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D/H (1)
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deuterium (1)
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isotope ratios (26)
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isotopes
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radioactive isotopes
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Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
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Be-10 (1)
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C-14 (1)
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (2)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (2)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (2)
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stable isotopes
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Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
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C-13/C-12 (13)
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D/H (1)
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deuterium (1)
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Hf-177/Hf-176 (1)
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (6)
-
O-18 (2)
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O-18/O-16 (20)
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (2)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (2)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (2)
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S-34/S-32 (1)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (9)
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Lu/Hf (1)
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metals
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actinides
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uranium (1)
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alkali metals
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potassium (3)
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rubidium (2)
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sodium (1)
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alkaline earth metals
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beryllium
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Be-10 (1)
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calcium (2)
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magnesium (4)
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strontium
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (9)
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-
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aluminum (2)
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arsenic (1)
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chromium (2)
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gold (1)
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hafnium
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Hf-177/Hf-176 (1)
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iron
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ferrous iron (1)
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lead
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (2)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (2)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (2)
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manganese (4)
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niobium (1)
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platinum group
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platinum ores (1)
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rare earths
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neodymium
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (6)
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yttrium (1)
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vanadium (3)
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nitrogen (3)
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noble gases
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helium (1)
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oxygen
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O-18 (2)
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O-18/O-16 (20)
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silicon (1)
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fossils
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Pisces (4)
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Mammalia
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Primates
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Proboscidea
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Rodentia (2)
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Reptilia
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Diapsida
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Archosauria
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Crocodilia
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dinosaurs (2)
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fossil man (6)
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Invertebrata
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Insecta
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Cnidaria
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Mollusca
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Protista
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microfossils (10)
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Plantae
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Spermatophyta
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problematic fossils (1)
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upper Holocene (1)
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upper Weichselian
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upper Quaternary
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Shungura Formation (5)
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Stone Age
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Paleolithic (1)
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Tertiary
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Neogene
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lower Miocene (8)
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middle Miocene (9)
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Ngorora Formation (2)
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upper Miocene
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Pliocene
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Laetolil Beds (1)
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upper Pliocene (5)
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upper Neogene (1)
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Paleogene
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Eocene
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Green River Formation (2)
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Oligocene (2)
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upper Cenozoic (4)
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calcite (19)
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halides
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fluorides
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-
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hydrates (1)
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native elements
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rutile (1)
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phosphates
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amphibole group
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-
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pyroxene group
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omphacite (1)
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orthopyroxene
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enstatite (1)
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-
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wollastonite group
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wollastonite (1)
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-
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framework silicates
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feldspar group
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alkali feldspar
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anorthoclase (5)
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K-feldspar (1)
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sanidine (1)
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plagioclase (2)
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-
nepheline group
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nepheline (8)
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scapolite group
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scapolite (1)
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silica minerals
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opal (1)
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sodalite group
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zeolite group
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-
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kenyaite (2)
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britholite group
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garnet group
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grossular (6)
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zircon group
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zircon (4)
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-
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sorosilicates
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chevkinite group
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epidote group
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zoisite (1)
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melilite group
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vesuvianite (1)
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-
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ring silicates
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sheet silicates
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sepiolite (3)
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wehrlite (1)
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Primary terms
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absolute age (44)
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Africa
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East African Lakes
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East African Rift (63)
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Gregory Rift (12)
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Madagascar
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Libya
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Antarctica
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Asia
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atmosphere (1)
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Western Australia
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New Zealand
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bacteria (1)
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Canada
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carbon
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C-13/C-12 (13)
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Caribbean region
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West Indies
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Antilles
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Lesser Antilles
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Barbados (2)
-
-
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-
-
Cenozoic
-
Koobi Fora Formation (13)
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Omo Group (5)
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Quaternary
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Holocene
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middle Holocene (1)
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upper Holocene (1)
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Pleistocene
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Key Largo Limestone (1)
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Olduvai Subchron (4)
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Matuyama Chron (5)
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Weichselian
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upper Weichselian
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-
-
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-
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upper Quaternary
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Shungura Formation (5)
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Stone Age
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Paleolithic (1)
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Tertiary
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Neogene
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Pliocene
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upper Neogene (1)
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Paleogene
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Eocene
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Green River Formation (2)
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Oligocene (2)
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upper Cenozoic (4)
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Central America
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Chordata
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Mammalia
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Ruminantia
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Carnivora
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Fissipeda
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Canidae
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Canis (1)
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Felidae
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Hyaenidae (1)
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-
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Cetacea (1)
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Perissodactyla
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Ceratomorpha
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Hippomorpha
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Equidae
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Equus (1)
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-
-
-
-
Primates
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Hominidae
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Australopithecinae
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Australopithecus
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Australopithecus afarensis (1)
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-
-
-
Homo
-
Homo erectus (2)
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-
-
-
simians
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Pongidae
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Proconsul (1)
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-
-
-
Proboscidea
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Elephantoidea
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Elephantidae
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Elephas (1)
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-
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Gomphotheriidae (1)
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Mastodontoidea (2)
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Rodentia (2)
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-
-
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Reptilia
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Anapsida
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Testudines
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Testudinidae (1)
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Diapsida
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Archosauria
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Crocodilia
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-
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dinosaurs (2)
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Eosuchia (1)
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Lepidosauria
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Squamata (1)
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-
-
-
-
-
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clay mineralogy (14)
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continental shelf (1)
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Europe
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Alps
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Central Europe
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Germany
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Murmansk Russian Federation
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Southern Europe
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Italy
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Variscides (1)
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ijolite (7)
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volcanic rocks
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inclusions
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fluid inclusions (5)
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Indian Ocean
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Dampier Sub-basin (1)
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Red Sea
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Indian Ocean Islands
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intrusions (15)
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Invertebrata
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Archaeocyatha (1)
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Ostracoda (3)
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Insecta
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Pterygota
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Hymenoptera (1)
-
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Cnidaria
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Anthozoa (4)
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Mollusca
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Protista
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isostasy (2)
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stable isotopes
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D/H (1)
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O-18 (2)
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O-18/O-16 (20)
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (2)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (2)
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S-34/S-32 (1)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (9)
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land use (1)
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Upper Cretaceous
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Jurassic
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Middle Jurassic
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (9)
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aluminum (2)
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hafnium
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Hf-177/Hf-176 (1)
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iron
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ferrous iron (1)
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lead
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (2)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (2)
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manganese (4)
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (6)
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metamorphic rocks
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North America (1)
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
The tectonostratigraphic evolution of a Miocene half-graben, Kerio Valley Basin, East African Rift of Kenya: analysis of a 3 km thick volcano-sedimentary succession Open Access
Petrography and geochemical characterization of lithium-bearing pegmatites at Sambaru, Ikungi District, Central Tanzania Available to Purchase
Petrology and spatial correlation of Black Belly tuff cone basalts, Tanzania Available to Purchase
The geoheritage of Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania: providing geological answers to human origin questions Available to Purchase
Abstract While Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, is most famous for its impressive and formative record of early human technology, Pleistocene fauna and hominin fossils, its geological record is equally important. At Olduvai, palaeoanthropologically significant sites are often preserved in primary context (not redeposited), and they can be contextualized within the palaeoenvironments in which the hominins lived. This has provided an exceptional opportunity to assess not only hominin evolutionary changes over time, but also to understand their adaptive behaviour including toolmaking, foraging and sociality. Abundant volcanic material from the nearby Ngorongoro Volcanic Highlands, interspersed within and between archaeology-bearing deposits, made Olduvai a target for some of the earliest applications of radiometric dating using the K/Ar system. Ultimately, the 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dating system has produced ages with exceptional precision. Early radiometric dating at Olduvai helped establish the antiquity of the hominin lineage, and early palaeomagnetic studies (and the ‘Olduvai event,’ the longest normal subchron within the reversed Matuyama Chron) were critical in establishing the importance of Olduvai in the field of geochronology. More recently, high-resolution palaeoclimate studies of the palaeolake that once occupied the Olduvai Basin have helped to reconstruct the palaeoenvironments encountered by hominin species. Over a century of geological research has secured Olduvai's status as an important site for geoheritage.