Skip Nav Destination
Update search
Filter
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
Filter
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
Filter
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
Filter
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
Filter
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
Filter
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
NARROW
Format
Article Type
Journal
Publisher
Section
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
Afar (38)
-
Blue Nile (5)
-
Central Africa
-
Angola
-
Cabinda Angola (1)
-
-
Burundi (1)
-
Central African Republic (2)
-
Congo (4)
-
Congo Democratic Republic (4)
-
Gabon (3)
-
Lake Kivu (1)
-
Rwanda (1)
-
-
Congo Craton (1)
-
East Africa
-
Afar Depression (43)
-
Djibouti (46)
-
Eritrea (9)
-
Ethiopia
-
Addis Ababa Ethiopia (1)
-
Awash Valley (4)
-
Fantale (2)
-
Hadar (6)
-
Omo Ethiopia (1)
-
Omo River (2)
-
Omo Valley (6)
-
Tigray Ethiopia (3)
-
Wallo Ethiopia (2)
-
-
Ethiopian Rift (29)
-
Kenya
-
East Turkana Basin (1)
-
Kenya Rift valley (4)
-
Lake Magadi (1)
-
Turkana District (1)
-
-
Lake Turkana (22)
-
Malawi (3)
-
Mozambique (5)
-
Somali Republic (19)
-
Sudan (11)
-
Tanzania
-
Laetoli (2)
-
Olduvai Gorge (4)
-
-
Turkana Basin (12)
-
Uganda (3)
-
-
East African Lakes
-
Lake Kivu (1)
-
Lake Magadi (1)
-
Lake Turkana (22)
-
-
East African Rift (27)
-
Gregory Rift (3)
-
Madagascar
-
Mahajanga Basin (4)
-
-
Mozambique Belt (3)
-
Nile River (3)
-
Nile Valley (2)
-
North Africa
-
Algeria (3)
-
Egypt
-
Nile Delta (2)
-
-
Libya (2)
-
Morocco (1)
-
Tunisia (2)
-
-
Nubia (1)
-
Nubian Shield (11)
-
Red Sea Hills (3)
-
Sahara (1)
-
Southern Africa
-
Karoo Basin (2)
-
Lesotho (2)
-
Namibia (2)
-
South Africa (5)
-
Zimbabwe (1)
-
-
Tibesti Massif (1)
-
West Africa
-
Benin (3)
-
Cameroon (3)
-
Chad (1)
-
Gambia (1)
-
Ghana (3)
-
Guinea (1)
-
Ivory Coast (3)
-
Liberia (2)
-
Mali (1)
-
Mauritania (2)
-
Niger (1)
-
Nigeria
-
Jos Plateau (1)
-
-
Sierra Leone (1)
-
Togo (1)
-
-
-
Antarctica (2)
-
Arctic Ocean
-
Norwegian Sea (1)
-
-
Arctic region
-
Jan Mayen (1)
-
-
Asal Rift (18)
-
Asia
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Arabian Shield (7)
-
Bahrain (2)
-
Kuwait (3)
-
Oman (9)
-
Qatar (4)
-
Rub' al Khali (1)
-
Saudi Arabia (10)
-
United Arab Emirates
-
Abu Dhabi (2)
-
Dubai (1)
-
Sharjah (1)
-
Umm al-Qaiwain (1)
-
-
Yemen
-
Aden Yemen (2)
-
-
-
Far East
-
Indonesia
-
Sumatra (1)
-
-
Japan
-
Honshu
-
Iwate Japan
-
Kakkonda Field (1)
-
Onikobe Field (1)
-
-
-
-
Philippine Islands (1)
-
-
Indian Peninsula
-
Bhutan (1)
-
India (4)
-
Pakistan
-
Baluchistan Pakistan (1)
-
-
-
Middle East
-
Cyprus (2)
-
Iran (4)
-
Iraq (7)
-
Israel (1)
-
Jordan (4)
-
Lebanon (3)
-
Syria (6)
-
Turkey
-
Anatolia (1)
-
-
-
Primorye Russian Federation
-
Vladivostok Russian Federation (1)
-
-
Russian Pacific region (1)
-
Sakhalin Russian Federation
-
Kuril Islands (1)
-
-
Siberia (1)
-
Southeast Asia (1)
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
Mid-Atlantic Ridge (1)
-
North Atlantic
-
Reykjanes Ridge (1)
-
-
South Atlantic
-
Santos Basin (1)
-
Walvis Ridge (1)
-
-
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
South Australia (1)
-
-
New Zealand
-
Wairakei (1)
-
-
Papua New Guinea (1)
-
-
Canada
-
Western Canada
-
British Columbia (1)
-
-
-
Central America
-
Costa Rica (1)
-
Nicaragua (1)
-
-
Cerro Prieto (1)
-
Clara Mine (1)
-
Commonwealth of Independent States
-
Russian Federation
-
Murmansk Russian Federation
-
Kola Peninsula (1)
-
Lovozero Massif (1)
-
-
Primorye Russian Federation
-
Vladivostok Russian Federation (1)
-
-
Russian Pacific region (1)
-
Sakhalin Russian Federation
-
Kuril Islands (1)
-
-
-
-
developing countries (1)
-
Europe
-
Alps
-
Central Alps
-
Lepontine Alps (1)
-
Rhaetian Alps (1)
-
-
Western Alps (1)
-
-
Central Europe
-
Black Forest (1)
-
Czech Republic
-
Moravia (1)
-
-
Germany (1)
-
Inn Valley (1)
-
Poland
-
Upper Silesia (1)
-
-
-
Murmansk Russian Federation
-
Kola Peninsula (1)
-
Lovozero Massif (1)
-
-
Southern Europe
-
Greece
-
Crete (1)
-
-
Italy
-
Apennines
-
Northern Apennines (1)
-
-
Apulia Italy
-
Lecce Italy (1)
-
-
Lombardy Italy
-
Valtellina (1)
-
-
Marches Italy (1)
-
Sardinia Italy (2)
-
Tuscany Italy
-
Larderello (1)
-
-
Umbria Italy (1)
-
-
-
Western Europe
-
France
-
Corsica (1)
-
-
Iceland (6)
-
Scandinavia
-
Sweden
-
Smaland (1)
-
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
England (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Great Rift Valley (3)
-
Indian Ocean
-
Andaman Sea (1)
-
Arabian Sea
-
Gulf of Aden
-
Gulf of Tadjoura (7)
-
-
Persian Gulf (1)
-
-
Bay of Bengal (1)
-
Carlsberg Ridge (2)
-
Mid-Indian Ridge (1)
-
Red Sea
-
Atlantis II Deep (1)
-
Gulf of Suez (1)
-
Red Sea Rift (5)
-
-
West Indian Ocean (2)
-
-
Indian Ocean Islands
-
Kerguelen Islands (1)
-
Madagascar
-
Mahajanga Basin (4)
-
-
Mascarene Islands
-
Reunion (1)
-
-
Mauritius (1)
-
Seychelles (1)
-
-
Mediterranean region (2)
-
Mediterranean Sea
-
East Mediterranean
-
Aegean Sea (1)
-
-
West Mediterranean
-
Gulf of Lion (1)
-
-
-
Mexico
-
Baja California (1)
-
Puebla Mexico
-
Los Humeros (1)
-
-
Sonora Mexico (1)
-
-
Newfoundland Basin (1)
-
North Island (1)
-
Northern Hemisphere (1)
-
Pacific Ocean
-
East Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Gulf of California (2)
-
Juan de Fuca Ridge (1)
-
-
-
North Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Gulf of California (2)
-
Juan de Fuca Ridge (1)
-
-
-
-
Pacific region
-
Circum-Pacific region (1)
-
-
Pacific-Antarctic Ridge (1)
-
Red Sea region (8)
-
South America
-
Brazil (3)
-
Colombia (1)
-
Peru (2)
-
-
South Island (1)
-
Strait of Gibraltar (1)
-
United States
-
California
-
Humboldt County California (1)
-
Salton Sea (1)
-
Salton Trough (1)
-
-
New Hampshire (1)
-
New Mexico (1)
-
New York
-
Orange County New York (1)
-
-
Oregon (1)
-
Texas (1)
-
Washakie Basin (1)
-
Washington (1)
-
Wyoming
-
Sweetwater County Wyoming (1)
-
-
Yellowstone National Park (1)
-
-
USSR (2)
-
Western Desert (1)
-
-
commodities
-
bitumens (1)
-
brines (3)
-
ceramic materials (1)
-
clay deposits (1)
-
construction materials
-
building stone (1)
-
-
energy sources (1)
-
gems (5)
-
geothermal energy (3)
-
heavy mineral deposits (1)
-
industrial minerals (1)
-
metal ores
-
base metals (1)
-
chromite ores (1)
-
copper ores (2)
-
gold ores (2)
-
iron ores (1)
-
lead ores (2)
-
lead-zinc deposits (3)
-
nickel ores (1)
-
platinum ores (1)
-
silver ores (2)
-
zinc ores (3)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (14)
-
mineral exploration (5)
-
nonmetal deposits (3)
-
oil and gas fields (4)
-
petroleum
-
natural gas (11)
-
-
placers
-
beach placers (1)
-
-
potash (3)
-
water resources (4)
-
-
elements, isotopes
-
carbon
-
C-13 (1)
-
C-13/C-12 (12)
-
C-14 (1)
-
organic carbon (1)
-
-
chemical ratios (1)
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (2)
-
-
incompatible elements (1)
-
isotope ratios (27)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
-
C-14 (1)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (3)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (3)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (3)
-
U-234/Th-230 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
-
C-13 (1)
-
C-13/C-12 (12)
-
D/H (2)
-
He-3 (1)
-
He-4 (1)
-
He-4/He-3 (1)
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (2)
-
N-15/N-14 (2)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (5)
-
O-18/O-16 (12)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (3)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (3)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (3)
-
S-34/S-32 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (9)
-
-
-
Lu/Hf (1)
-
metals
-
actinides
-
thorium
-
U-234/Th-230 (1)
-
-
uranium
-
U-234/Th-230 (1)
-
-
-
alkali metals
-
rubidium (1)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
barium (1)
-
calcium (1)
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (9)
-
-
-
arsenic (1)
-
copper (1)
-
gold (1)
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (2)
-
-
iron
-
ferric iron (1)
-
ferrous iron (1)
-
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (3)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (3)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (3)
-
-
manganese (3)
-
platinum group
-
iridium (2)
-
platinum (3)
-
platinum ores (1)
-
rhodium (2)
-
-
rare earths
-
cerium (1)
-
europium (1)
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (5)
-
-
yttrium (1)
-
-
zinc (1)
-
-
nitrogen
-
N-15/N-14 (2)
-
-
noble gases
-
argon
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
-
-
helium
-
He-3 (1)
-
He-4 (1)
-
He-4/He-3 (1)
-
-
-
oxygen
-
dissolved oxygen (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (12)
-
-
phosphorus (1)
-
sulfur
-
S-34/S-32 (1)
-
-
trace metals (2)
-
-
fossils
-
bacteria (1)
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Pisces (2)
-
Tetrapoda
-
Amphibia
-
Lissamphibia
-
Anura (1)
-
-
-
Aves (1)
-
Mammalia
-
Theria
-
Eutheria
-
Artiodactyla
-
Hippopotamidae
-
Hippopotamus (1)
-
-
Ruminantia
-
Bovidae (1)
-
Giraffidae (1)
-
-
Suiformes
-
Suidae (2)
-
-
-
Carnivora
-
Fissipeda
-
Felidae
-
Panthera (1)
-
-
Hyaenidae (1)
-
Mustelidae (1)
-
-
-
Lagomorpha (1)
-
Perissodactyla
-
Ceratomorpha
-
Rhinocerotidae (1)
-
-
Hippomorpha
-
Equidae (1)
-
-
-
Primates
-
Hominidae
-
Australopithecinae
-
Australopithecus
-
Australopithecus afarensis (3)
-
Australopithecus africanus (1)
-
-
-
Homo
-
Homo erectus (4)
-
Homo habilis (2)
-
Homo sapiens (4)
-
-
-
simians (2)
-
-
Proboscidea
-
Elephantoidea
-
Elephantidae (1)
-
-
Mastodontoidea (1)
-
-
Rodentia
-
Myomorpha
-
Muridae (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Reptilia
-
Diapsida
-
Archosauria
-
dinosaurs
-
Saurischia
-
Sauropodomorpha
-
Sauropoda (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
fossil man (5)
-
ichnofossils (3)
-
Invertebrata
-
Arthropoda
-
Mandibulata
-
Crustacea
-
Ostracoda (1)
-
-
Insecta
-
Pterygota
-
Neoptera
-
Endopterygota
-
Hymenoptera (1)
-
-
Exopterygota
-
Isoptera (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Brachiopoda
-
Articulata
-
Rhynchonellida (1)
-
Terebratulida (1)
-
-
-
Cnidaria
-
Anthozoa
-
Zoantharia
-
Scleractinia (1)
-
-
-
Hydrozoa (1)
-
-
Echinodermata
-
Echinozoa
-
Echinoidea (2)
-
-
-
Mollusca
-
Cephalopoda
-
Ammonoidea
-
Desmoceratida (1)
-
-
-
Gastropoda (4)
-
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera
-
Rotaliina
-
Buliminacea (1)
-
Globigerinacea
-
Globigerinidae
-
Globigerinoides
-
Globigerinoides ruber (1)
-
-
-
Globotruncanidae (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
microfossils (13)
-
palynomorphs
-
miospores
-
pollen (1)
-
-
-
Plantae
-
algae
-
diatoms (2)
-
-
Bryophyta (1)
-
Spermatophyta
-
Angiospermae
-
Dicotyledoneae (1)
-
Monocotyledoneae
-
Gramineae (1)
-
-
-
Gymnospermae
-
Coniferales (1)
-
Cordaitales (1)
-
-
-
-
thallophytes (1)
-
tracks (1)
-
-
geochronology methods
-
Ar/Ar (20)
-
fission-track dating (4)
-
K/Ar (14)
-
Lu/Hf (1)
-
paleomagnetism (6)
-
radiation damage (1)
-
Rb/Sr (4)
-
Re/Os (1)
-
Sm/Nd (2)
-
tephrochronology (4)
-
Th/U (1)
-
thermochronology (1)
-
tree rings (1)
-
U/Pb (14)
-
U/Th/Pb (1)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
Koobi Fora Formation (10)
-
Omo Group (5)
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
Mesolithic (3)
-
middle Holocene (1)
-
Neolithic (1)
-
upper Holocene (1)
-
-
Pleistocene
-
lower Pleistocene
-
Olduvai Subchron (1)
-
-
Matuyama Chron (1)
-
middle Pleistocene (2)
-
Sicilian (1)
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Eemian (1)
-
-
-
-
Shungura Formation (8)
-
Stone Age
-
Mesolithic (3)
-
Neolithic (1)
-
Paleolithic
-
Acheulian (1)
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
John Day Formation (1)
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
lower Miocene (2)
-
upper Miocene
-
Messinian (1)
-
-
Wanapum Basalt (1)
-
-
Pliocene
-
Hadar Formation (12)
-
lower Pliocene (3)
-
upper Pliocene (4)
-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
Clarno Formation (1)
-
Green River Formation (1)
-
upper Eocene (1)
-
-
Oligocene
-
upper Oligocene (4)
-
-
Paleocene (2)
-
-
-
upper Cenozoic
-
Villafranchian (1)
-
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian (1)
-
Aptian (1)
-
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Campanian (1)
-
Maestrichtian (1)
-
Maevarano Formation (2)
-
Senonian (4)
-
Turonian (1)
-
-
-
Jurassic
-
Lower Jurassic
-
Toarcian (1)
-
-
Middle Jurassic
-
Aalenian (1)
-
Bathonian (1)
-
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Malm (1)
-
Portlandian (1)
-
Tithonian (1)
-
-
-
Triassic (3)
-
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian (1)
-
Carboniferous
-
Upper Carboniferous (2)
-
-
Ordovician (2)
-
Permian
-
Lower Permian
-
Al Khlata Formation (1)
-
-
-
Silurian (1)
-
upper Paleozoic (1)
-
-
Phanerozoic (4)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean (4)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Stenian (1)
-
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Cryogenian (1)
-
Riphean (1)
-
Sturtian (2)
-
Tonian (2)
-
-
Paleoproterozoic (1)
-
-
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites (1)
-
feldspathoid rocks (1)
-
granophyre (1)
-
kimberlite (1)
-
plutonic rocks
-
anorthosite (1)
-
gabbros
-
norite (1)
-
-
granites
-
alkali granites (1)
-
A-type granites (1)
-
charnockite (1)
-
-
ijolite (1)
-
pegmatite (1)
-
syenites
-
nepheline syenite
-
agpaite (1)
-
-
-
ultramafics
-
chromitite (1)
-
peridotites
-
harzburgite (2)
-
lherzolite (2)
-
spinel lherzolite (1)
-
-
pyroxenite
-
clinopyroxenite (1)
-
websterite (1)
-
-
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites (2)
-
basalts
-
alkali basalts (5)
-
flood basalts (11)
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (3)
-
olivine basalt (1)
-
olivine tholeiite (1)
-
tholeiite (2)
-
trap rocks (1)
-
-
glasses
-
volcanic glass (1)
-
-
leucitite (1)
-
phonolites (1)
-
pyroclastics
-
ignimbrite (9)
-
pumice (4)
-
tuff (12)
-
tuffite (1)
-
-
rhyolites
-
pantellerite (3)
-
-
trachyandesites (2)
-
trachytes (5)
-
-
-
ophiolite (5)
-
volcanic ash (3)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
gneisses (4)
-
granulites (1)
-
metasedimentary rocks (1)
-
metavolcanic rocks (1)
-
mylonites (2)
-
-
ophiolite (5)
-
turbidite (1)
-
-
meteorites
-
meteorites
-
stony meteorites
-
chondrites
-
enstatite chondrites (1)
-
Kaidun Meteorite (1)
-
-
-
-
-
minerals
-
alloys
-
phosphides (1)
-
-
arsenites
-
mixite (1)
-
-
carbonates
-
aragonite (1)
-
bastnaesite (1)
-
calcite (1)
-
dolomite (1)
-
parisite (1)
-
smithsonite (1)
-
-
halides
-
fluorides
-
bastnaesite (1)
-
parisite (1)
-
-
-
minerals (2)
-
organic minerals
-
amber (2)
-
-
oxides
-
hydroxides (1)
-
ilmenite (1)
-
iron oxides (1)
-
magnetite (1)
-
spinel (1)
-
titanomagnetite (1)
-
-
phosphates
-
apatite (5)
-
hydroxylapatite (1)
-
-
silicates
-
chain silicates
-
amphibole group
-
clinoamphibole
-
hornblende (1)
-
nephrite (1)
-
pargasite (1)
-
-
-
jade (1)
-
pyroxene group
-
clinopyroxene
-
augite (1)
-
-
orthopyroxene
-
enstatite (1)
-
-
-
-
framework silicates
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
anorthoclase (3)
-
-
plagioclase
-
bytownite (1)
-
-
-
silica minerals
-
opal (3)
-
-
zeolite group (1)
-
-
magnesian silicates (1)
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
olivine group
-
olivine (3)
-
-
zircon group
-
zircon (11)
-
-
-
sorosilicates
-
epidote group
-
epidote (1)
-
-
ilvaite (1)
-
-
-
ring silicates
-
emerald (1)
-
-
sheet silicates
-
cerolite (1)
-
clay minerals
-
kaolinite (2)
-
smectite (2)
-
stevensite (1)
-
-
illite (1)
-
palygorskite (2)
-
sepiolite (2)
-
talc (1)
-
-
-
sulfates
-
gypsum (2)
-
-
sulfides
-
bohdanowiczite (1)
-
sphalerite (1)
-
-
tellurides (1)
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (50)
-
Africa
-
Afar (38)
-
Blue Nile (5)
-
Central Africa
-
Angola
-
Cabinda Angola (1)
-
-
Burundi (1)
-
Central African Republic (2)
-
Congo (4)
-
Congo Democratic Republic (4)
-
Gabon (3)
-
Lake Kivu (1)
-
Rwanda (1)
-
-
Congo Craton (1)
-
East Africa
-
Afar Depression (43)
-
Djibouti (46)
-
Eritrea (9)
-
Ethiopia
-
Addis Ababa Ethiopia (1)
-
Awash Valley (4)
-
Fantale (2)
-
Hadar (6)
-
Omo Ethiopia (1)
-
Omo River (2)
-
Omo Valley (6)
-
Tigray Ethiopia (3)
-
Wallo Ethiopia (2)
-
-
Ethiopian Rift (29)
-
Kenya
-
East Turkana Basin (1)
-
Kenya Rift valley (4)
-
Lake Magadi (1)
-
Turkana District (1)
-
-
Lake Turkana (22)
-
Malawi (3)
-
Mozambique (5)
-
Somali Republic (19)
-
Sudan (11)
-
Tanzania
-
Laetoli (2)
-
Olduvai Gorge (4)
-
-
Turkana Basin (12)
-
Uganda (3)
-
-
East African Lakes
-
Lake Kivu (1)
-
Lake Magadi (1)
-
Lake Turkana (22)
-
-
East African Rift (27)
-
Gregory Rift (3)
-
Madagascar
-
Mahajanga Basin (4)
-
-
Mozambique Belt (3)
-
Nile River (3)
-
Nile Valley (2)
-
North Africa
-
Algeria (3)
-
Egypt
-
Nile Delta (2)
-
-
Libya (2)
-
Morocco (1)
-
Tunisia (2)
-
-
Nubia (1)
-
Nubian Shield (11)
-
Red Sea Hills (3)
-
Sahara (1)
-
Southern Africa
-
Karoo Basin (2)
-
Lesotho (2)
-
Namibia (2)
-
South Africa (5)
-
Zimbabwe (1)
-
-
Tibesti Massif (1)
-
West Africa
-
Benin (3)
-
Cameroon (3)
-
Chad (1)
-
Gambia (1)
-
Ghana (3)
-
Guinea (1)
-
Ivory Coast (3)
-
Liberia (2)
-
Mali (1)
-
Mauritania (2)
-
Niger (1)
-
Nigeria
-
Jos Plateau (1)
-
-
Sierra Leone (1)
-
Togo (1)
-
-
-
Antarctica (2)
-
Arctic Ocean
-
Norwegian Sea (1)
-
-
Arctic region
-
Jan Mayen (1)
-
-
Asia
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Arabian Shield (7)
-
Bahrain (2)
-
Kuwait (3)
-
Oman (9)
-
Qatar (4)
-
Rub' al Khali (1)
-
Saudi Arabia (10)
-
United Arab Emirates
-
Abu Dhabi (2)
-
Dubai (1)
-
Sharjah (1)
-
Umm al-Qaiwain (1)
-
-
Yemen
-
Aden Yemen (2)
-
-
-
Far East
-
Indonesia
-
Sumatra (1)
-
-
Japan
-
Honshu
-
Iwate Japan
-
Kakkonda Field (1)
-
Onikobe Field (1)
-
-
-
-
Philippine Islands (1)
-
-
Indian Peninsula
-
Bhutan (1)
-
India (4)
-
Pakistan
-
Baluchistan Pakistan (1)
-
-
-
Middle East
-
Cyprus (2)
-
Iran (4)
-
Iraq (7)
-
Israel (1)
-
Jordan (4)
-
Lebanon (3)
-
Syria (6)
-
Turkey
-
Anatolia (1)
-
-
-
Primorye Russian Federation
-
Vladivostok Russian Federation (1)
-
-
Russian Pacific region (1)
-
Sakhalin Russian Federation
-
Kuril Islands (1)
-
-
Siberia (1)
-
Southeast Asia (1)
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
Mid-Atlantic Ridge (1)
-
North Atlantic
-
Reykjanes Ridge (1)
-
-
South Atlantic
-
Santos Basin (1)
-
Walvis Ridge (1)
-
-
-
atmosphere (3)
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
South Australia (1)
-
-
New Zealand
-
Wairakei (1)
-
-
Papua New Guinea (1)
-
-
bacteria (1)
-
biogeography (6)
-
biography (1)
-
bitumens (1)
-
brines (3)
-
Canada
-
Western Canada
-
British Columbia (1)
-
-
-
carbon
-
C-13 (1)
-
C-13/C-12 (12)
-
C-14 (1)
-
organic carbon (1)
-
-
catalogs (1)
-
Cenozoic
-
Koobi Fora Formation (10)
-
Omo Group (5)
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
Mesolithic (3)
-
middle Holocene (1)
-
Neolithic (1)
-
upper Holocene (1)
-
-
Pleistocene
-
lower Pleistocene
-
Olduvai Subchron (1)
-
-
Matuyama Chron (1)
-
middle Pleistocene (2)
-
Sicilian (1)
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Eemian (1)
-
-
-
-
Shungura Formation (8)
-
Stone Age
-
Mesolithic (3)
-
Neolithic (1)
-
Paleolithic
-
Acheulian (1)
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
John Day Formation (1)
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
lower Miocene (2)
-
upper Miocene
-
Messinian (1)
-
-
Wanapum Basalt (1)
-
-
Pliocene
-
Hadar Formation (12)
-
lower Pliocene (3)
-
upper Pliocene (4)
-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
Clarno Formation (1)
-
Green River Formation (1)
-
upper Eocene (1)
-
-
Oligocene
-
upper Oligocene (4)
-
-
Paleocene (2)
-
-
-
upper Cenozoic
-
Villafranchian (1)
-
-
-
Central America
-
Costa Rica (1)
-
Nicaragua (1)
-
-
ceramic materials (1)
-
chemical analysis (1)
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Pisces (2)
-
Tetrapoda
-
Amphibia
-
Lissamphibia
-
Anura (1)
-
-
-
Aves (1)
-
Mammalia
-
Theria
-
Eutheria
-
Artiodactyla
-
Hippopotamidae
-
Hippopotamus (1)
-
-
Ruminantia
-
Bovidae (1)
-
Giraffidae (1)
-
-
Suiformes
-
Suidae (2)
-
-
-
Carnivora
-
Fissipeda
-
Felidae
-
Panthera (1)
-
-
Hyaenidae (1)
-
Mustelidae (1)
-
-
-
Lagomorpha (1)
-
Perissodactyla
-
Ceratomorpha
-
Rhinocerotidae (1)
-
-
Hippomorpha
-
Equidae (1)
-
-
-
Primates
-
Hominidae
-
Australopithecinae
-
Australopithecus
-
Australopithecus afarensis (3)
-
Australopithecus africanus (1)
-
-
-
Homo
-
Homo erectus (4)
-
Homo habilis (2)
-
Homo sapiens (4)
-
-
-
simians (2)
-
-
Proboscidea
-
Elephantoidea
-
Elephantidae (1)
-
-
Mastodontoidea (1)
-
-
Rodentia
-
Myomorpha
-
Muridae (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Reptilia
-
Diapsida
-
Archosauria
-
dinosaurs
-
Saurischia
-
Sauropodomorpha
-
Sauropoda (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
clay deposits (1)
-
clay mineralogy (5)
-
climate change (7)
-
conservation (1)
-
construction materials
-
building stone (1)
-
-
continental drift (8)
-
crust (34)
-
crystal chemistry (7)
-
crystal growth (4)
-
crystal structure (5)
-
data processing (3)
-
deformation (15)
-
diagenesis (7)
-
earthquakes (21)
-
ecology (3)
-
economic geology (16)
-
energy sources (1)
-
engineering geology (2)
-
Europe
-
Alps
-
Central Alps
-
Lepontine Alps (1)
-
Rhaetian Alps (1)
-
-
Western Alps (1)
-
-
Central Europe
-
Black Forest (1)
-
Czech Republic
-
Moravia (1)
-
-
Germany (1)
-
Inn Valley (1)
-
Poland
-
Upper Silesia (1)
-
-
-
Murmansk Russian Federation
-
Kola Peninsula (1)
-
Lovozero Massif (1)
-
-
Southern Europe
-
Greece
-
Crete (1)
-
-
Italy
-
Apennines
-
Northern Apennines (1)
-
-
Apulia Italy
-
Lecce Italy (1)
-
-
Lombardy Italy
-
Valtellina (1)
-
-
Marches Italy (1)
-
Sardinia Italy (2)
-
Tuscany Italy
-
Larderello (1)
-
-
Umbria Italy (1)
-
-
-
Western Europe
-
France
-
Corsica (1)
-
-
Iceland (6)
-
Scandinavia
-
Sweden
-
Smaland (1)
-
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
England (1)
-
-
-
-
-
faults (59)
-
folds (5)
-
foliation (1)
-
fossil man (5)
-
fractures (10)
-
gems (5)
-
geochemistry (33)
-
geochronology (15)
-
geodesy (6)
-
geomorphology (12)
-
geophysical methods (28)
-
geothermal energy (3)
-
glacial geology (5)
-
ground water (9)
-
heat flow (5)
-
heavy mineral deposits (1)
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (2)
-
-
hydrogeology (1)
-
hydrology (4)
-
ichnofossils (3)
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites (1)
-
feldspathoid rocks (1)
-
granophyre (1)
-
kimberlite (1)
-
plutonic rocks
-
anorthosite (1)
-
gabbros
-
norite (1)
-
-
granites
-
alkali granites (1)
-
A-type granites (1)
-
charnockite (1)
-
-
ijolite (1)
-
pegmatite (1)
-
syenites
-
nepheline syenite
-
agpaite (1)
-
-
-
ultramafics
-
chromitite (1)
-
peridotites
-
harzburgite (2)
-
lherzolite (2)
-
spinel lherzolite (1)
-
-
pyroxenite
-
clinopyroxenite (1)
-
websterite (1)
-
-
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites (2)
-
basalts
-
alkali basalts (5)
-
flood basalts (11)
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (3)
-
olivine basalt (1)
-
olivine tholeiite (1)
-
tholeiite (2)
-
trap rocks (1)
-
-
glasses
-
volcanic glass (1)
-
-
leucitite (1)
-
phonolites (1)
-
pyroclastics
-
ignimbrite (9)
-
pumice (4)
-
tuff (12)
-
tuffite (1)
-
-
rhyolites
-
pantellerite (3)
-
-
trachyandesites (2)
-
trachytes (5)
-
-
-
inclusions
-
fluid inclusions (3)
-
-
Indian Ocean
-
Andaman Sea (1)
-
Arabian Sea
-
Gulf of Aden
-
Gulf of Tadjoura (7)
-
-
Persian Gulf (1)
-
-
Bay of Bengal (1)
-
Carlsberg Ridge (2)
-
Mid-Indian Ridge (1)
-
Red Sea
-
Atlantis II Deep (1)
-
Gulf of Suez (1)
-
Red Sea Rift (5)
-
-
West Indian Ocean (2)
-
-
Indian Ocean Islands
-
Kerguelen Islands (1)
-
Madagascar
-
Mahajanga Basin (4)
-
-
Mascarene Islands
-
Reunion (1)
-
-
Mauritius (1)
-
Seychelles (1)
-
-
industrial minerals (1)
-
intrusions (22)
-
Invertebrata
-
Arthropoda
-
Mandibulata
-
Crustacea
-
Ostracoda (1)
-
-
Insecta
-
Pterygota
-
Neoptera
-
Endopterygota
-
Hymenoptera (1)
-
-
Exopterygota
-
Isoptera (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Brachiopoda
-
Articulata
-
Rhynchonellida (1)
-
Terebratulida (1)
-
-
-
Cnidaria
-
Anthozoa
-
Zoantharia
-
Scleractinia (1)
-
-
-
Hydrozoa (1)
-
-
Echinodermata
-
Echinozoa
-
Echinoidea (2)
-
-
-
Mollusca
-
Cephalopoda
-
Ammonoidea
-
Desmoceratida (1)
-
-
-
Gastropoda (4)
-
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera
-
Rotaliina
-
Buliminacea (1)
-
Globigerinacea
-
Globigerinidae
-
Globigerinoides
-
Globigerinoides ruber (1)
-
-
-
Globotruncanidae (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
isostasy (3)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
-
C-14 (1)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (3)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (3)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (3)
-
U-234/Th-230 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
-
C-13 (1)
-
C-13/C-12 (12)
-
D/H (2)
-
He-3 (1)
-
He-4 (1)
-
He-4/He-3 (1)
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (2)
-
N-15/N-14 (2)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (5)
-
O-18/O-16 (12)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (3)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (3)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (3)
-
S-34/S-32 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (9)
-
-
-
land use (2)
-
lava (12)
-
lineation (1)
-
magmas (24)
-
mantle (22)
-
maps (1)
-
marine geology (3)
-
Mediterranean region (2)
-
Mediterranean Sea
-
East Mediterranean
-
Aegean Sea (1)
-
-
West Mediterranean
-
Gulf of Lion (1)
-
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian (1)
-
Aptian (1)
-
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Campanian (1)
-
Maestrichtian (1)
-
Maevarano Formation (2)
-
Senonian (4)
-
Turonian (1)
-
-
-
Jurassic
-
Lower Jurassic
-
Toarcian (1)
-
-
Middle Jurassic
-
Aalenian (1)
-
Bathonian (1)
-
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Malm (1)
-
Portlandian (1)
-
Tithonian (1)
-
-
-
Triassic (3)
-
-
metal ores
-
base metals (1)
-
chromite ores (1)
-
copper ores (2)
-
gold ores (2)
-
iron ores (1)
-
lead ores (2)
-
lead-zinc deposits (3)
-
nickel ores (1)
-
platinum ores (1)
-
silver ores (2)
-
zinc ores (3)
-
-
metals
-
actinides
-
thorium
-
U-234/Th-230 (1)
-
-
uranium
-
U-234/Th-230 (1)
-
-
-
alkali metals
-
rubidium (1)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
barium (1)
-
calcium (1)
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (9)
-
-
-
arsenic (1)
-
copper (1)
-
gold (1)
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (2)
-
-
iron
-
ferric iron (1)
-
ferrous iron (1)
-
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (3)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (3)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (3)
-
-
manganese (3)
-
platinum group
-
iridium (2)
-
platinum (3)
-
platinum ores (1)
-
rhodium (2)
-
-
rare earths
-
cerium (1)
-
europium (1)
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (5)
-
-
yttrium (1)
-
-
zinc (1)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
gneisses (4)
-
granulites (1)
-
metasedimentary rocks (1)
-
metavolcanic rocks (1)
-
mylonites (2)
-
-
metamorphism (4)
-
metasomatism (8)
-
meteorites
-
stony meteorites
-
chondrites
-
enstatite chondrites (1)
-
Kaidun Meteorite (1)
-
-
-
-
Mexico
-
Baja California (1)
-
Puebla Mexico
-
Los Humeros (1)
-
-
Sonora Mexico (1)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (14)
-
mineral exploration (5)
-
mineralogy (4)
-
minerals (2)
-
nitrogen
-
N-15/N-14 (2)
-
-
noble gases
-
argon
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
-
-
helium
-
He-3 (1)
-
He-4 (1)
-
He-4/He-3 (1)
-
-
-
nonmetal deposits (3)
-
Northern Hemisphere (1)
-
ocean basins (1)
-
ocean circulation (1)
-
ocean floors (2)
-
oceanography (4)
-
oil and gas fields (4)
-
orogeny (7)
-
oxygen
-
dissolved oxygen (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (12)
-
-
Pacific Ocean
-
East Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Gulf of California (2)
-
Juan de Fuca Ridge (1)
-
-
-
North Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Gulf of California (2)
-
Juan de Fuca Ridge (1)
-
-
-
-
Pacific region
-
Circum-Pacific region (1)
-
-
paleobotany (2)
-
paleoclimatology (18)
-
paleoecology (13)
-
paleogeography (14)
-
paleomagnetism (6)
-
paleontology (11)
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian (1)
-
Carboniferous
-
Upper Carboniferous (2)
-
-
Ordovician (2)
-
Permian
-
Lower Permian
-
Al Khlata Formation (1)
-
-
-
Silurian (1)
-
upper Paleozoic (1)
-
-
palynomorphs
-
miospores
-
pollen (1)
-
-
-
paragenesis (3)
-
petroleum
-
natural gas (11)
-
-
petrology (24)
-
Phanerozoic (4)
-
phase equilibria (2)
-
phosphorus (1)
-
placers
-
beach placers (1)
-
-
Plantae
-
algae
-
diatoms (2)
-
-
Bryophyta (1)
-
Spermatophyta
-
Angiospermae
-
Dicotyledoneae (1)
-
Monocotyledoneae
-
Gramineae (1)
-
-
-
Gymnospermae
-
Coniferales (1)
-
Cordaitales (1)
-
-
-
-
plate tectonics (88)
-
pollution (2)
-
potash (3)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean (4)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Stenian (1)
-
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Cryogenian (1)
-
Riphean (1)
-
Sturtian (2)
-
Tonian (2)
-
-
Paleoproterozoic (1)
-
-
-
-
Red Sea region (8)
-
remote sensing (21)
-
reservoirs (1)
-
roads (3)
-
rock mechanics (2)
-
sea water (4)
-
sea-floor spreading (13)
-
sea-level changes (5)
-
sedimentary petrology (5)
-
sedimentary rocks
-
carbonate rocks
-
limestone (3)
-
-
chemically precipitated rocks
-
evaporites
-
salt (1)
-
-
-
clastic rocks
-
argillite (1)
-
black shale (1)
-
cinerite (1)
-
claystone (1)
-
conglomerate (3)
-
diamictite (2)
-
diatomite (1)
-
marl (1)
-
mudstone (2)
-
sandstone (9)
-
shale (3)
-
siltstone (3)
-
tillite (1)
-
-
oil shale (1)
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
bedding plane irregularities
-
sand waves (1)
-
-
biogenic structures
-
bioturbation (2)
-
lebensspuren (2)
-
stromatolites (2)
-
-
planar bedding structures
-
cross-bedding (3)
-
laminations (3)
-
-
rhizoliths (1)
-
soft sediment deformation
-
olistostromes (1)
-
-
-
sedimentation (21)
-
sediments
-
carbonate sediments (1)
-
clastic sediments
-
alluvium (3)
-
clay (4)
-
eluvium (1)
-
erratics (1)
-
gravel (1)
-
mud (1)
-
overbank sediments (1)
-
sand (3)
-
till (1)
-
-
marine sediments (5)
-
-
seismology (12)
-
shorelines (1)
-
slope stability (4)
-
soils
-
laterites (1)
-
-
South America
-
Brazil (3)
-
Colombia (1)
-
Peru (2)
-
-
springs (1)
-
stratigraphy (25)
-
structural analysis (8)
-
structural geology (18)
-
sulfur
-
S-34/S-32 (1)
-
-
tectonics
-
neotectonics (6)
-
salt tectonics (2)
-
-
tectonophysics (28)
-
thallophytes (1)
-
thermal waters (1)
-
United States
-
California
-
Humboldt County California (1)
-
Salton Sea (1)
-
Salton Trough (1)
-
-
New Hampshire (1)
-
New Mexico (1)
-
New York
-
Orange County New York (1)
-
-
Oregon (1)
-
Texas (1)
-
Washakie Basin (1)
-
Washington (1)
-
Wyoming
-
Sweetwater County Wyoming (1)
-
-
Yellowstone National Park (1)
-
-
USSR (2)
-
volcanology (13)
-
water resources (4)
-
weathering (3)
-
well-logging (4)
-
-
rock formations
-
Deccan Traps (1)
-
Karoo Supergroup (1)
-
-
sedimentary rocks
-
sedimentary rocks
-
carbonate rocks
-
limestone (3)
-
-
chemically precipitated rocks
-
evaporites
-
salt (1)
-
-
-
clastic rocks
-
argillite (1)
-
black shale (1)
-
cinerite (1)
-
claystone (1)
-
conglomerate (3)
-
diamictite (2)
-
diatomite (1)
-
marl (1)
-
mudstone (2)
-
sandstone (9)
-
shale (3)
-
siltstone (3)
-
tillite (1)
-
-
oil shale (1)
-
-
siliciclastics (5)
-
turbidite (1)
-
volcaniclastics (5)
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
sedimentary structures
-
bedding plane irregularities
-
sand waves (1)
-
-
biogenic structures
-
bioturbation (2)
-
lebensspuren (2)
-
stromatolites (2)
-
-
planar bedding structures
-
cross-bedding (3)
-
laminations (3)
-
-
rhizoliths (1)
-
soft sediment deformation
-
olistostromes (1)
-
-
-
stratification (1)
-
tracks (1)
-
-
sediments
-
sediments
-
carbonate sediments (1)
-
clastic sediments
-
alluvium (3)
-
clay (4)
-
eluvium (1)
-
erratics (1)
-
gravel (1)
-
mud (1)
-
overbank sediments (1)
-
sand (3)
-
till (1)
-
-
marine sediments (5)
-
-
siliciclastics (5)
-
turbidite (1)
-
volcaniclastics (5)
-
-
soils
-
paleosols (4)
-
residual soils (1)
-
soils
-
laterites (1)
-
-
GeoRef Categories