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NARROW
Format
Article Type
Journal
Publisher
Section
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
East Africa
-
Mozambique (1)
-
Tanzania (1)
-
Zambia (3)
-
-
East African Rift (1)
-
Kalahari Desert (3)
-
Limpopo Belt (2)
-
Southern Africa
-
Botswana (4)
-
Kaapvaal Craton (2)
-
Karoo Basin (57)
-
Lesotho (4)
-
Namaqualand metamorphic complex (1)
-
Namibia (2)
-
Orange River (1)
-
South Africa
-
Bushveld Complex (1)
-
Cape fold belt (14)
-
Cape Province region (13)
-
Eastern Cape Province South Africa
-
Cape Town South Africa (2)
-
Molteno South Africa (1)
-
Port Elizabeth South Africa (5)
-
-
Free State South Africa (6)
-
KwaZulu-Natal South Africa
-
Durban South Africa (2)
-
Zululand (1)
-
-
Northern Cape Province South Africa
-
Kimberley South Africa (1)
-
Postmasburg South Africa (1)
-
-
Sutherland South Africa (1)
-
Transvaal region (1)
-
Western Cape Province South Africa
-
Knysna South Africa (1)
-
-
Witwatersrand (1)
-
-
Zimbabwe (2)
-
-
-
Antarctica
-
Victoria Land (1)
-
-
Atlantic Ocean Islands
-
Falkland Islands (1)
-
-
Indian Ocean
-
Agulhas Bank (1)
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West Indian Ocean (1)
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South America
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Falkland Islands (1)
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Table Mountain (1)
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commodities
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aggregate (1)
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coal deposits (1)
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industrial minerals (1)
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metal ores
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copper ores (2)
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gold ores (1)
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iridium ores (1)
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nickel ores (4)
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palladium ores (1)
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platinum ores (2)
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-
mineral deposits, genesis (3)
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mineral exploration (3)
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petroleum
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natural gas
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shale gas (10)
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-
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water resources (1)
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zeolite deposits (1)
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-
elements, isotopes
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carbon
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C-13 (1)
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C-13/C-12 (5)
-
-
chemical ratios (3)
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hydrogen
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D/H (2)
-
-
isotope ratios (8)
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isotopes
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radioactive isotopes
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Al-26 (2)
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Be-10 (2)
-
-
stable isotopes
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C-13 (1)
-
C-13/C-12 (5)
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D/H (2)
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N-15 (1)
-
O-18 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (3)
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S-34/S-32 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
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-
-
Lu/Hf (1)
-
metals
-
actinides
-
uranium (1)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
beryllium
-
Be-10 (2)
-
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
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-
-
aluminum
-
Al-26 (2)
-
-
platinum group
-
iridium ores (1)
-
palladium ores (1)
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platinum ores (2)
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rare earths
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cerium (1)
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europium (1)
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holmium (1)
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lanthanum (1)
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lutetium (1)
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neodymium (1)
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samarium (1)
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terbium (1)
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ytterbium (1)
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titanium (1)
-
-
nitrogen
-
N-15 (1)
-
-
oxygen
-
O-18 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (3)
-
-
sulfur
-
S-34/S-32 (1)
-
-
-
fossils
-
burrows (5)
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Pisces
-
Chondrichthyes
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Elasmobranchii (1)
-
-
-
Tetrapoda
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Amphibia
-
Labyrinthodontia (1)
-
-
Mammalia (1)
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Reptilia
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Anapsida (1)
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Diapsida
-
Archosauria
-
dinosaurs
-
Saurischia
-
Sauropodomorpha (2)
-
-
-
-
-
Synapsida
-
Therapsida
-
Cynodontia (2)
-
Dicynodontia
-
Lystrosaurus (7)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
ichnofossils (9)
-
Invertebrata
-
Arthropoda
-
Mandibulata
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Crustacea
-
Ostracoda (1)
-
-
Insecta (1)
-
-
-
Brachiopoda (2)
-
Bryozoa (1)
-
Echinodermata
-
Asterozoa
-
Stelleroidea
-
Ophiuroidea (1)
-
-
-
-
Mollusca
-
Gastropoda (1)
-
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera
-
Rotaliina
-
Orbitoidacea
-
Discocyclina (1)
-
-
-
-
Radiolaria (1)
-
-
-
microfossils (10)
-
palynomorphs
-
acritarchs (1)
-
miospores
-
pollen (1)
-
-
-
Plantae
-
Pteridophyta
-
Lycopsida (1)
-
-
Spermatophyta
-
Gymnospermae
-
Coniferales (1)
-
Glossopteridales
-
Gangamopteris (1)
-
Glossopteris
-
Glossopteris flora (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
problematic fossils (1)
-
tracks (2)
-
-
geochronology methods
-
Ar/Ar (2)
-
K/Ar (1)
-
Lu/Hf (1)
-
optically stimulated luminescence (1)
-
paleomagnetism (2)
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Sm/Nd (1)
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Sr/Sr (1)
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U/Pb (9)
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-
geologic age
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Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
lower Holocene (1)
-
-
Pleistocene (2)
-
upper Quaternary (1)
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Tertiary
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lower Tertiary (1)
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Neogene
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Miocene (2)
-
Pliocene (1)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Valanginian (1)
-
-
Upper Cretaceous (2)
-
-
Jurassic
-
Clarens Formation (1)
-
Lower Jurassic
-
Hettangian (1)
-
lower Liassic (1)
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Pliensbachian (1)
-
Toarcian (1)
-
-
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic
-
Olenekian (1)
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (10)
-
-
Middle Triassic
-
Anisian (1)
-
Ladinian (1)
-
-
Upper Triassic
-
Stormberg Series (3)
-
-
-
-
Paleozoic
-
Carboniferous
-
Albert Formation (1)
-
Lower Carboniferous (3)
-
Middle Carboniferous (1)
-
Mississippian
-
Lower Mississippian
-
Tournaisian (1)
-
-
-
Pennsylvanian (1)
-
Upper Carboniferous (2)
-
-
Devonian
-
Lower Devonian (1)
-
Middle Devonian
-
Givetian (1)
-
-
Upper Devonian
-
Famennian (1)
-
Frasnian (1)
-
-
-
lower Paleozoic (2)
-
Ordovician (1)
-
Permian
-
Ecca Group (14)
-
Lower Permian (3)
-
Middle Permian (3)
-
Upper Permian
-
Lopingian
-
Changhsingian (1)
-
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (10)
-
-
Vryheid Formation (2)
-
Whitehill Formation (5)
-
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Dwyka Formation (8)
-
-
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Neoarchean (1)
-
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Mesoproterozoic (1)
-
Neoproterozoic (2)
-
Paleoproterozoic (1)
-
-
-
Waterberg System (1)
-
-
-
igneous rocks
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extrusive rocks (1)
-
igneous rocks
-
kimberlite (2)
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picrite (3)
-
plutonic rocks
-
diabase (8)
-
gabbros
-
troctolite (1)
-
-
granites (2)
-
ultramafics
-
peridotites
-
lherzolite (1)
-
-
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
basalts
-
flood basalts (3)
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (1)
-
tholeiite (1)
-
-
glasses (1)
-
pyroclastics
-
hyaloclastite (1)
-
-
-
-
volcanic ash (1)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
hornfels (1)
-
-
turbidite (2)
-
-
minerals
-
carbonates
-
calcite (1)
-
-
minerals (3)
-
oxides
-
chromite (1)
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ilmenite (3)
-
perovskite (1)
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spinel (1)
-
-
silicates
-
chain silicates
-
prehnite (1)
-
pyroxene group
-
clinopyroxene
-
pigeonite (1)
-
-
orthopyroxene (1)
-
-
-
framework silicates
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
microcline (1)
-
-
plagioclase (3)
-
-
zeolite group (1)
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
olivine group
-
olivine (2)
-
-
zircon group
-
zircon (7)
-
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
mica group
-
phlogopite (1)
-
-
-
-
sulfides
-
pyrite (1)
-
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (11)
-
Africa
-
East Africa
-
Mozambique (1)
-
Tanzania (1)
-
Zambia (3)
-
-
East African Rift (1)
-
Kalahari Desert (3)
-
Limpopo Belt (2)
-
Southern Africa
-
Botswana (4)
-
Kaapvaal Craton (2)
-
Karoo Basin (57)
-
Lesotho (4)
-
Namaqualand metamorphic complex (1)
-
Namibia (2)
-
Orange River (1)
-
South Africa
-
Bushveld Complex (1)
-
Cape fold belt (14)
-
Cape Province region (13)
-
Eastern Cape Province South Africa
-
Cape Town South Africa (2)
-
Molteno South Africa (1)
-
Port Elizabeth South Africa (5)
-
-
Free State South Africa (6)
-
KwaZulu-Natal South Africa
-
Durban South Africa (2)
-
Zululand (1)
-
-
Northern Cape Province South Africa
-
Kimberley South Africa (1)
-
Postmasburg South Africa (1)
-
-
Sutherland South Africa (1)
-
Transvaal region (1)
-
Western Cape Province South Africa
-
Knysna South Africa (1)
-
-
Witwatersrand (1)
-
-
Zimbabwe (2)
-
-
-
Antarctica
-
Victoria Land (1)
-
-
Atlantic Ocean Islands
-
Falkland Islands (1)
-
-
biogeography (3)
-
carbon
-
C-13 (1)
-
C-13/C-12 (5)
-
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
lower Holocene (1)
-
-
Pleistocene (2)
-
upper Quaternary (1)
-
-
Tertiary
-
lower Tertiary (1)
-
Neogene
-
Miocene (2)
-
Pliocene (1)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Pisces
-
Chondrichthyes
-
Elasmobranchii (1)
-
-
-
Tetrapoda
-
Amphibia
-
Labyrinthodontia (1)
-
-
Mammalia (1)
-
Reptilia
-
Anapsida (1)
-
Diapsida
-
Archosauria
-
dinosaurs
-
Saurischia
-
Sauropodomorpha (2)
-
-
-
-
-
Synapsida
-
Therapsida
-
Cynodontia (2)
-
Dicynodontia
-
Lystrosaurus (7)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
climate change (4)
-
coal deposits (1)
-
continental drift (1)
-
crust (3)
-
crystal structure (1)
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data processing (2)
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deformation (1)
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diagenesis (5)
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earthquakes (5)
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economic geology (3)
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faults (9)
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folds (3)
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fractures (1)
-
geochemistry (17)
-
geochronology (2)
-
geomorphology (2)
-
geophysical methods (5)
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glacial geology (3)
-
government agencies
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survey organizations (1)
-
-
ground water (6)
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (2)
-
-
hydrology (1)
-
ichnofossils (9)
-
igneous rocks
-
kimberlite (2)
-
picrite (3)
-
plutonic rocks
-
diabase (8)
-
gabbros
-
troctolite (1)
-
-
granites (2)
-
ultramafics
-
peridotites
-
lherzolite (1)
-
-
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
basalts
-
flood basalts (3)
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (1)
-
tholeiite (1)
-
-
glasses (1)
-
pyroclastics
-
hyaloclastite (1)
-
-
-
-
inclusions
-
fluid inclusions (1)
-
-
Indian Ocean
-
Agulhas Bank (1)
-
West Indian Ocean (1)
-
-
industrial minerals (1)
-
intrusions (13)
-
Invertebrata
-
Arthropoda
-
Mandibulata
-
Crustacea
-
Ostracoda (1)
-
-
Insecta (1)
-
-
-
Brachiopoda (2)
-
Bryozoa (1)
-
Echinodermata
-
Asterozoa
-
Stelleroidea
-
Ophiuroidea (1)
-
-
-
-
Mollusca
-
Gastropoda (1)
-
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera
-
Rotaliina
-
Orbitoidacea
-
Discocyclina (1)
-
-
-
-
Radiolaria (1)
-
-
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Al-26 (2)
-
Be-10 (2)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13 (1)
-
C-13/C-12 (5)
-
D/H (2)
-
N-15 (1)
-
O-18 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (3)
-
S-34/S-32 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
-
-
lava (1)
-
magmas (11)
-
mantle (2)
-
maps (1)
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Valanginian (1)
-
-
Upper Cretaceous (2)
-
-
Jurassic
-
Clarens Formation (1)
-
Lower Jurassic
-
Hettangian (1)
-
lower Liassic (1)
-
Pliensbachian (1)
-
Toarcian (1)
-
-
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic
-
Olenekian (1)
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (10)
-
-
Middle Triassic
-
Anisian (1)
-
Ladinian (1)
-
-
Upper Triassic
-
Stormberg Series (3)
-
-
-
-
metal ores
-
copper ores (2)
-
gold ores (1)
-
iridium ores (1)
-
nickel ores (4)
-
palladium ores (1)
-
platinum ores (2)
-
-
metals
-
actinides
-
uranium (1)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
beryllium
-
Be-10 (2)
-
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
-
-
aluminum
-
Al-26 (2)
-
-
platinum group
-
iridium ores (1)
-
palladium ores (1)
-
platinum ores (2)
-
-
rare earths
-
cerium (1)
-
europium (1)
-
holmium (1)
-
lanthanum (1)
-
lutetium (1)
-
neodymium (1)
-
samarium (1)
-
terbium (1)
-
ytterbium (1)
-
-
titanium (1)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
hornfels (1)
-
-
metamorphism (6)
-
metasomatism (2)
-
mineral deposits, genesis (3)
-
mineral exploration (3)
-
minerals (3)
-
Mohorovicic discontinuity (1)
-
mud volcanoes (1)
-
nitrogen
-
N-15 (1)
-
-
nodules (1)
-
nuclear facilities (3)
-
ocean floors (1)
-
oxygen
-
O-18 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (3)
-
-
paleoclimatology (9)
-
paleoecology (11)
-
paleogeography (6)
-
paleomagnetism (2)
-
paleontology (1)
-
Paleozoic
-
Carboniferous
-
Albert Formation (1)
-
Lower Carboniferous (3)
-
Middle Carboniferous (1)
-
Mississippian
-
Lower Mississippian
-
Tournaisian (1)
-
-
-
Pennsylvanian (1)
-
Upper Carboniferous (2)
-
-
Devonian
-
Lower Devonian (1)
-
Middle Devonian
-
Givetian (1)
-
-
Upper Devonian
-
Famennian (1)
-
Frasnian (1)
-
-
-
lower Paleozoic (2)
-
Ordovician (1)
-
Permian
-
Ecca Group (14)
-
Lower Permian (3)
-
Middle Permian (3)
-
Upper Permian
-
Lopingian
-
Changhsingian (1)
-
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (10)
-
-
Vryheid Formation (2)
-
Whitehill Formation (5)
-
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Dwyka Formation (8)
-
-
-
palynomorphs
-
acritarchs (1)
-
miospores
-
pollen (1)
-
-
-
petroleum
-
natural gas
-
shale gas (10)
-
-
-
petrology (4)
-
phase equilibria (3)
-
Plantae
-
Pteridophyta
-
Lycopsida (1)
-
-
Spermatophyta
-
Gymnospermae
-
Coniferales (1)
-
Glossopteridales
-
Gangamopteris (1)
-
Glossopteris
-
Glossopteris flora (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
plate tectonics (3)
-
pollution (5)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Neoarchean (1)
-
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Mesoproterozoic (1)
-
Neoproterozoic (2)
-
Paleoproterozoic (1)
-
-
-
Waterberg System (1)
-
-
problematic fossils (1)
-
reefs (1)
-
sea-level changes (1)
-
sedimentary petrology (3)
-
sedimentary rocks
-
chemically precipitated rocks
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duricrust (1)
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silcrete (1)
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-
clastic rocks
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arenite
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quartz arenite (1)
-
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black shale (4)
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conglomerate (3)
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diamictite (2)
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mudstone (6)
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sandstone (11)
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shale (3)
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siltstone (5)
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tillite (1)
-
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coal
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lignite (2)
-
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
biogenic structures (1)
-
planar bedding structures
-
bedding (2)
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PREHNITE – THE FIRST MINERAL DISCOVERED IN SOUTH AFRICA AND THE FIRST NAMED AFTER A PERSON Available to Purchase
Selected Karoo geoheritage sites of palaeontological significance in South Africa and Lesotho Open Access
Abstract The main Karoo Basin of South Africa and Lesotho preserves c. 120 myr of Earth's history. The sedimentary rocks of its Karoo Supergroup record massive environmental changes from the glacial Carboniferous to desert dunes and fiery flood basalts in the Early Jurassic. From the early Permian, the Karoo Basin was gradually filled with fluvial and lacustrine deposits, and the alluvial plains were successively colonized by a diverse suite of plants and animals. The fossils of these ancient inhabitants and their behavioural traces form an astounding Gondwanan geoheritage legacy in southern Africa, providing fossil evidence for the moving lithospheric plates and the effects of four mass extinctions and their subsequent biotic recovery. Here, we present six Karoo sites of global geoscientific importance that best display that heritage, with the caveat that these sites only touch upon the Karoo riches that are available for academic research and the emerging palaeotourism industry. It is our hope that these sites will become anchor points for a sustainable geoheritage future in southern Africa.