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- International Ocean Discovery Program
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      - Leonardian (2)
      - Qixia Formation (2)
      - Wolfcampian
        
        Hueco Limestone (1)
    - Maokou Formation (9)
    - Middle Permian (27)
    - Newcastle Coal Measures (3)
    - Rio Bonito Formation (1)
    - Unayzah Formation (34)
    - Upper Permian
      - Changxing Formation (6)
      - Kazanian (1)
      - Lopingian
        
        Changhsingian (8)
        
        Wuchiapingian (4)
      - Permian-Triassic boundary (51)
      - Rangal Coal Measures (1)
      - Raniganj Formation (5)
      - Tatarian (1)
    - Vryheid Formation (13)
    - Whitehill Formation (11)
  - Phuket Group (5)
  - Pilot Shale (1)
  - Road River Formation (1)
  - Silurian
    - Lower Silurian
      - Llandovery
        
        Aeronian (1)
        
        Rhuddanian (1)
        
        Telychian (3)
      - Qalibah Formation (6)
      - Wenlock (6)
    - Middle Silurian (2)
    - Upper Silurian
      - Ludlow
        
        Gorstian (2)
      - Pridoli (2)
      - Salina Group (1)
  - Taiyuan Formation (1)
  - Talchir Formation (9)
  - upper Paleozoic
    - Bakken Formation (1)
    - Dwyka Formation (46)
    - Fountain Formation (2)
    - Tirrawarra Sandstone (5)
- Phanerozoic (70)
- Precambrian
  - Archean
    - Aravalli System (9)
    - Bulawayan Group (9)
    - Eoarchean (2)
    - Fig Tree Group (17)
    - Gangpur Series (4)
    - Iron Ore Group (8)
    - J-M Reef (3)
    - Kalgoorlie System (2)
    - Kromberg Formation (3)
    - Mesoarchean (62)
    - Napier Complex (2)
    - Neoarchean
      - Dharwar Supergroup (17)
      - Sargur Group (8)
    - Paleoarchean
      - Hooggenoeg Formation (8)
    - Peninsular Gneiss (7)
    - Sausar Series (4)
    - Singhbhum Granite (8)
    - Swaziland Supergroup (5)
    - Warrawoona Group (15)
  - Bijawar System (5)
  - Brockman Iron Formation (14)
  - Central Rand Group (33)
  - Cuddapah System (4)
  - Delhi Supergroup (3)
  - Eocambrian (3)
  - Fortescue Group (11)
  - Gunflint Iron Formation (3)
  - Hadean (28)
  - Hamersley Group (26)
  - Johnnie Formation (1)
  - middle Precambrian (1)
  - Onverwacht Group (25)
  - Pongola Supergroup (20)
  - Prince Albert Group (2)
  - Sakoli Group (1)
  - Stillwater Complex (8)
  - Swaziland Sequence (1)
  - Transvaal Supergroup (95)
  - Unkar Group (1)
  - upper Precambrian
    - Mahakoshal Group (10)
    - Proterozoic
      - Adelaidean (2)
      - Algonkian
        
        Baraboo Quartzite (1)
      - Banded Gneissic Complex (3)
      - Bitter Springs Formation (13)
      - Cahill Formation (3)
      - Damara System (4)
      - Great Oxidation Event (10)
      - Huronian (5)
      - Isan Orogeny (9)
      - Kombolgie Formation (6)
      - Malmani Subgroup (13)
      - McNamara Group (3)
      - Mesoproterozoic
        
        Belt Supergroup (1)
        
        Gawler Range Volcanics (9)
        
        Hiltaba Suite (5)
        
        Roper Group (10)
        
        Shuangqiaoshan Group (1)
        
        Soldiers Cap Group (2)
        
        Stenian (2)
      - Neoproterozoic
        
        Blaini Formation (1)
        
        Burra Group (3)
        
        Cryogenian (23)
        
        Dengying Formation (1)
        
        Doushantuo Formation (3)
        
        Ediacaran
        
        Wonoka Formation (8)
        
        Infracambrian (3)
        
        Marinoan (11)
        
        Nantuo Formation (2)
        
        Otavi Group (1)
        
        Riphean (4)
        
        Sturtian (16)
        
        Tonian (11)
        
        Vendian (33)
        
        Wilpena Group (6)
      - Paleoproterozoic
        
        Aphebian
        
        Hurwitz Group (1)
        
        Birimian (2)
        
        Corella Formation (3)
        
        Dhanjori Group (2)
        
        Orosirian (1)
        
        Rooiberg Group (9)
        
        Rustenburg Layered Suite (21)
        
        Siderian (3)
        
        Svecofennian (1)
        
        Urquhart Shale (11)
        
        Willyama Supergroup (16)
        
        Wollaston Group (1)
      - Pretoria Group (17)
      - Roan Supergroup (10)
      - Sinian
        
        Dengying Formation (1)
        
        Doushantuo Formation (3)
        
        Nantuo Formation (2)
      - Tapley Hill Formation (4)
      - Umberatana Group (2)
      - Windermere System (1)
      - Wolkberg Group (1)
  - Ventersdorp Supergroup (49)
  - Waterberg System (15)
  - Witwatersrand Supergroup (68)
- Rhenohercynian (1)
- Saxothuringian (1)
- Vindhyan (33)
igneous rocks
- agglutinates (2)
- extrusive rocks (5)
- igneous rocks
  - carbonatites
    - sovite (6)
  - feldspathoid rocks (5)
  - granophyre (19)
  - hypabyssal rocks (8)
  - kamafugite (3)
  - kimberlite (201)
  - peperite (6)
  - phoscorites (4)
  - picrite (20)
  - plutonic rocks
    - alnoite (1)
    - anorthosite
      - gabbroic anorthosite (1)
    - appinite (1)
    - diabase
      - tholeiitic dolerite (4)
    - diorites
      - ferrodiorite (3)
      - microdiorite (1)
      - plagiogranite (7)
      - quartz diorites (8)
      - tonalite
        
        enderbite (7)
      - trondhjemite (25)
    - essexite (1)
    - gabbros
      - alkali gabbros
        
        teschenite (1)
      - anorthositic gabbro (1)
      - labradoritite (1)
      - microgabbro (1)
      - norite (33)
      - olivine gabbro (3)
      - troctolite (10)
    - granites
      - adamellite (9)
      - alaskite (1)
      - alkali granites (13)
      - aplite (8)
      - A-type granites (31)
      - biotite granite (9)
      - charnockite (47)
      - felsite (4)
      - granite porphyry (6)
      - I-type granites (34)
      - leucogranite (21)
      - microgranite (7)
      - monzogranite (10)
      - rapakivi (2)
      - S-type granites (41)
      - two-mica granite (4)
    - granodiorites
      - granodiorite porphyry (1)
    - ijolite (10)
    - lamproite (41)
    - lamprophyres
      - minette (1)
      - monchiquite (1)
      - spessartite (1)
    - monzodiorite (5)
    - monzonites (12)
    - pegmatite (158)
    - quartz monzonite (4)
    - sovite (6)
    - syenites
      - albitite (5)
      - alkali syenites (1)
      - bostonite (2)
      - microsyenite (2)
      - nepheline syenite
        
        agpaite (6)
        
        foyaite (3)
        
        lujavrite (1)
      - quartz syenite (5)
    - syenodiorite (1)
    - ultramafics
      - chromitite (87)
      - hornblendite (3)
      - peridotites
        
        dunite (43)
        
        garnet lherzolite (4)
        
        garnet peridotite (4)
        
        harzburgite (52)
        
        lherzolite (25)
        
        spinel lherzolite (7)
        
        spinel peridotite (3)
      - pyroxenite
        
        clinopyroxenite (8)
        
        garnet pyroxenite (5)
        
        orthopyroxenite
        
        bronzitite (1)
        
        websterite (6)
  - porphyry
    - vitrophyre (1)
  - volcanic rocks
    - adakites (16)
    - andesites
      - andesite porphyry (1)
      - boninite (15)
    - basalts
      - alkali basalts
        
        alkali olivine basalt (2)
        
        hawaiite (8)
        
        mugearite (7)
        
        spilite (4)
        
        trachybasalts (3)
      - flood basalts (78)
      - mid-ocean ridge basalts (74)
      - ocean-island basalts (20)
      - oceanite (1)
      - olivine basalt (3)
      - olivine tholeiite (2)
      - shoshonite (5)
      - tholeiite (31)
      - tholeiitic basalt (5)
      - trap rocks (7)
    - basanite
      - ankaramite (3)
    - benmoreite (3)
    - dacites (35)
    - glasses
      - obsidian (1)
      - palagonite (1)
      - pitchstone (1)
      - volcanic glass (16)
    - keratophyre
      - quartz keratophyre (1)
    - komatiite (96)
    - latite (1)
    - leucitite (2)
    - melilitite (7)
    - nephelinite
      - olivine nephelinite (1)
    - phonolites
      - tinguaite (1)
    - pyroclastics
      - ash-flow tuff (3)
      - hyaloclastite (2)
      - ignimbrite (34)
      - pumice (18)
      - rhyolite tuff (7)
      - tuff (92)
      - tuffite (1)
      - welded tuff (4)
    - rhyodacites (6)
    - rhyolites
      - comendite (1)
      - pantellerite (4)
      - quartz porphyry (5)
    - tephrite (1)
    - trachyandesites
      - absarokite (1)
    - trachytes (28)
    - vitrophyre (1)
- ophiolite (178)
- pyrolite (1)
- volcanic ash (36)
- wehrlite (6)
metamorphic rocks
- K-bentonite (2)
- metamorphic rocks
  - amphibolites (57)
  - cataclasites (7)
  - eclogite (44)
  - fulgurite (3)
  - garnetite (5)
  - gneisses
    - augen gneiss (2)
    - biotite gneiss (3)
    - granite gneiss (22)
    - orthogneiss (23)
    - paragneiss (4)
    - tonalite gneiss (4)
  - gondite (1)
  - granulites
    - leptite (3)
  - hornfels (9)
  - impactites
    - impact breccia
      - lunar breccia (1)
      - suevite (1)
  - jadeitite (3)
  - listwanite (2)
  - marbles (38)
  - metacarbonate rocks (2)
  - metaigneous rocks
    - meta-andesite (1)
    - meta-anorthosite (3)
    - metabasalt (24)
    - metabasite (9)
    - metadacite (1)
    - metadiabase (5)
    - metagabbro (10)
    - metagranite (12)
    - metakomatiite (13)
    - metaperidotite (11)
    - metapyroxenite (3)
    - metarhyolite (1)
    - metatuff (4)
    - serpentinite (42)
  - metaplutonic rocks (3)
  - metasedimentary rocks
    - khondalite (15)
    - metachert (2)
    - metaconglomerate (6)
    - metagraywacke (7)
    - metalimestone (1)
    - metapelite (49)
    - metasandstone (10)
    - metasiltstone (1)
    - paragneiss (4)
  - metasomatic rocks
    - apogranite (1)
    - fenite (9)
    - greisen (17)
    - rodingite (2)
    - serpentinite (42)
    - skarn (71)
    - steatite (1)
    - talc rock (1)
  - metavolcanic rocks (52)
  - migmatites
    - anatexite (2)
  - mylonites
    - pseudotachylite (27)
  - phyllites (11)
  - phyllonites (1)
  - quartzites
    - ferruginous quartzite (1)
  - schists
    - biotite schist (1)
    - blueschist (11)
    - glaucophane schist (1)
    - greenschist (7)
    - greenstone (63)
    - muscovite schist (3)
    - tourmalinite (4)
  - slates (17)
- ophiolite (178)
- turbidite (117)
meteorites
- meteorites
  - iron meteorites
    - octahedrite
      - Henbury Meteorite (1)
      - Wolf Creek Meteorite (1)
  - stony meteorites
    - achondrites
      - ureilite (1)
    - chondrites
      - carbonaceous chondrites (2)
      - enstatite chondrites (2)
      - Kaidun Meteorite (1)
      - ordinary chondrites
        
        H chondrites (2)
        
        L chondrites (3)
minerals
- alloys
  - awaruite (2)
  - carbides
    - moissanite (1)
  - electrum (5)
  - hedleyite (2)
  - kamacite (2)
  - phosphides (1)
  - plessite (1)
  - taenite (2)
  - tetrataenite (1)
- amosite (1)
- antimonates (2)
- antimonides
  - dyscrasite (1)
- arsenates
  - beudantite (1)
  - pharmacosiderite (1)
  - scorodite (3)
- arsenides
  - arsenopyrite (22)
  - cobaltite (3)
  - gersdorffite (1)
  - lollingite (3)
  - nickeline (1)
  - safflorite (1)
  - sperrylite (11)
- arsenites
  - mixite (1)
- bismuthides
  - froodite (1)
  - michenerite (5)
- borates
  - fluoborite (2)
- carbonates
  - ankerite (12)
  - aragonite (32)
  - artinite (1)
  - azurite (2)
  - bastnaesite (14)
  - calcite (126)
  - cancrinite (1)
  - dawsonite (5)
  - dolomite (67)
  - gaylussite (1)
  - huntite (9)
  - hydromagnesite (3)
  - hydrotalcite (4)
  - ikaite (2)
  - magnesian calcite (5)
  - magnesite (10)
  - malachite (7)
  - meionite (2)
  - monohydrocalcite (2)
  - nahcolite (5)
  - parisite (6)
  - protodolomite (3)
  - pyroaurite (4)
  - rhodochrosite (4)
  - shortite (1)
  - siderite (22)
  - smithsonite (3)
  - strontianite (1)
  - synchysite (7)
  - thermonatrite (3)
  - trona (6)
  - witherite (2)
- chromates
  - crocoite (1)
- copper minerals (7)
- halides
  - chlorides
    - atacamite (1)
    - carnallite (1)
    - eudialyte (8)
    - halite (22)
    - paratacamite (1)
    - sylvite (9)
  - fluorides
    - bastnaesite (14)
    - clinohumite (2)
    - fluoborite (2)
    - fluorite (22)
    - humite (1)
    - neighborite (1)
    - parisite (6)
    - synchysite (7)
    - topaz (5)
  - iodides (1)
  - zunyite (1)
- hydrates (24)
- iron minerals (7)
- K-bentonite (2)
- manganese minerals (20)
- minerals (349)
- molybdates
  - ferrimolybdite (1)
  - powellite (1)
  - wulfenite (1)
- native elements
  - carbonado (8)
  - diamond
    - microdiamond (2)
  - graphite (32)
- nitrates (2)
- organic minerals
  - amber (13)
- oxalates
  - weddellite (1)
  - whewellite (1)
- oxides
  - alexandrite (2)
  - aluminum oxides (5)
  - anatase (3)
  - baddeleyite (17)
  - bixbyite (4)
  - brannerite (5)
  - brucite (8)
  - cassiterite (44)
  - chrome spinel (17)
  - chromite (76)
  - chrysoberyl (2)
  - coronadite (1)
  - corundum (23)
  - cryptomelane (9)
  - cuprite (1)
  - diaspore (5)
  - ferrihydrite (2)
  - ferropericlase (2)
  - franklinite (2)
  - gahnite (6)
  - gibbsite (7)
  - goethite (38)
  - hausmannite (8)
  - hematite (82)
  - hercynite (4)
  - heterogenite (1)
  - hibonite (2)
  - hoegbomite (4)
  - hollandite (2)
  - hydroxides
    - aluminum hydroxides (1)
    - iron hydroxides (3)
    - oxyhydroxides (10)
    - schoepite (2)
  - ilmenite (60)
  - iron oxides (72)
  - jacobsite (6)
  - lepidocrocite (1)
  - leucoxene (3)
  - limonite (6)
  - lithiophorite (5)
  - maghemite (5)
  - magnesioferrite (4)
  - magnesium oxides (2)
  - magnetite (113)
  - manganese oxides (12)
  - manganite (3)
  - martite (6)
  - nigerite (1)
  - niobates
    - aeschynite (1)
    - betafite (3)
    - columbite (14)
    - euxenite (4)
    - fergusonite (3)
    - ixiolite (2)
    - loparite (2)
    - pyrochlore (19)
    - samarskite (4)
    - tapiolite (1)
  - nordstrandite (2)
  - nsutite (1)
  - periclase (1)
  - perovskite (13)
  - pitchblende (1)
  - priderite (3)
  - pseudobrookite (1)
  - psilomelane (2)
  - pyrolusite (2)
  - pyrophanite (3)
  - ramsdellite (1)
  - rutile (48)
  - sapphire (13)
  - spinel (60)
  - spinel group (11)
  - tantalates
    - betafite (3)
    - euxenite (4)
    - ixiolite (2)
    - microlite (2)
    - tantalite (10)
    - wodginite (3)
  - thorianite (3)
  - titanium oxides (9)
  - titanomaghemite (2)
  - titanomagnetite (11)
  - todorokite (4)
  - trevorite (7)
  - ulvospinel (3)
  - uraninite (32)
  - vernadite (3)
  - wustite (2)
  - zirconolite (4)
  - zirkelite (1)
- phosphates
  - amblygonite (2)
  - apatite (120)
  - autunite (4)
  - britholite (3)
  - chlorapatite (1)
  - florencite (6)
  - fluorapatite (13)
  - goyazite (2)
  - graftonite (1)
  - herderite (2)
  - hureaulite (1)
  - hydroxylapatite (1)
  - lazulite (2)
  - monazite (112)
  - montebrasite (3)
  - plumbogummite (1)
  - rhabdophane (3)
  - rockbridgeite (1)
  - sarcopside (1)
  - scholzite (2)
  - strengite (1)
  - torbernite (1)
  - variscite (2)
  - wavellite (1)
  - whitlockite (1)
  - xenotime (26)
- platinum minerals (47)
- selenides
  - umangite (1)
- selenites (2)
- silicates
  - aluminosilicates
    - maskelynite (1)
  - asbestos (11)
  - borosilicates (11)
  - chain silicates
    - aenigmatite group
      - aenigmatite (2)
      - sapphirine (19)
    - amphibole group
      - alkalic amphibole (6)
      - clinoamphibole
        
        actinolite (4)
        
        arfvedsonite (7)
        
        crocidolite (5)
        
        edenite (1)
        
        grunerite (1)
        
        hastingsite (2)
        
        hornblende (35)
        
        kaersutite (2)
        
        nephrite (2)
        
        pargasite (12)
        
        richterite (8)
        
        riebeckite (9)
        
        tirodite (2)
        
        tremolite (5)
        
        tschermakite (6)
      - orthoamphibole
        
        anthophyllite (5)
        
        gedrite (2)
        
        holmquistite (3)
    - bavenite (1)
    - carpholite (1)
    - ferrocarpholite (2)
    - jade (9)
    - plancheite (1)
    - prehnite (8)
    - pyroxene group
      - alkalic pyroxene (1)
      - clinopyroxene
        
        aegirine (10)
        
        aegirine-augite (1)
        
        augite (10)
        
        chrome diopside (3)
        
        diopside (18)
        
        fassaite (3)
        
        hedenbergite (7)
        
        jadeite (13)
        
        johannsenite (1)
        
        omphacite (7)
        
        pigeonite (2)
        
        spodumene
        
        kunzite (1)
      - orthopyroxene
        
        enstatite (9)
        
        hypersthene (5)
    - pyroxmangite (1)
    - rhodonite group
      - babingtonite (1)
      - rhodonite (2)
    - tobermorite (3)
    - wollastonite group
      - bustamite (2)
      - pectolite (5)
      - wollastonite (9)
    - xonotlite (1)
  - feldspathoids (1)
  - framework silicates
    - cancrinite (1)
    - feldspar group
      - alkali feldspar
        
        adularia (1)
        
        amazonite (4)
        
        anorthoclase (7)
        
        cryptoperthite (1)
        
        K-feldspar (27)
        
        microcline (8)
        
        moonstone (1)
        
        orthoclase (3)
        
        perthite (8)
        
        sanidine (7)
      - antiperthite (2)
      - barium feldspar (1)
      - plagioclase
        
        albite (20)
        
        anorthite (7)
        
        bytownite (3)
        
        labradorite (2)
        
        peristerite (1)
    - leucite (4)
    - myrmekite (7)
    - nepheline group
      - kalsilite (5)
      - nepheline (19)
    - pseudoleucite (2)
    - scapolite group
      - meionite (2)
      - scapolite (6)
    - silica minerals
      - agate (2)
      - chalcedony (3)
      - coesite (12)
      - cristobalite (3)
      - jasper (5)
      - melanophlogite (1)
      - moganite (3)
      - opal
        
        opal-A (3)
        
        opal-CT (2)
      - quartz
        
        smoky quartz (1)
      - stishovite (1)
      - tridymite (2)
    - sodalite group
      - genthelvite (1)
      - helvite (2)
      - sodalite (2)
    - zeolite group
      - analcime (10)
      - chabazite (4)
      - clinoptilolite (3)
      - erionite (1)
      - heulandite (5)
      - laumontite (4)
      - mordenite (1)
      - natrolite (5)
      - phillipsite (6)
      - pollucite (2)
      - scolecite (1)
      - stilbite (2)
      - thomsonite (2)
      - wairakite (1)
      - yugawaralite (1)
  - garnierite (2)
  - iron silicates (2)
  - kenyaite (2)
  - magnesian silicates (4)
  - orthosilicates
    - nesosilicates
      - andalusite (6)
      - braunite (8)
      - britholite group
        
        britholite (3)
      - chloritoid (5)
      - chondrodite (1)
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        hydrogarnet
        
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        uvarovite (5)
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        monticellite (4)
        
        olivine (76)
        
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        ringwoodite (2)
      - phenakite group
        
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        willemite (3)
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      - titanite group
        
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        zircon (617)
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        zoisite (8)
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      - melilite group
        
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        melilite (2)
      - pumpellyite group
        
        julgoldite (3)
        
        pumpellyite (8)
      - thortveitite group
        
        thortveitite (1)
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  - ring silicates
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  - sheet silicates
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      - glauconite (9)
      - lepidolite (4)
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    - pyrophyllite (6)
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    - serpentine group
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      - chrysotile (11)
      - cronstedtite (1)
      - lizardite (7)
      - serpentine (20)
    - stilpnomelane (7)
    - talc (11)
- sulfates
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  - ettringite (3)
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  - natroalunite (1)
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- sulfides
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  - aikinite (2)
  - alabandite (1)
  - argentite (1)
  - arsenopyrite (22)
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  - bismuthinite (4)
  - bohdanowiczite (1)
  - bornite (17)
  - carrollite (4)
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  - joseite (4)
  - laurite (16)
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  - marcasite (3)
  - mawsonite (1)
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- sulfosalts
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- tellurides
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  - scheelite (25)
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- vanadates
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- wehrlite (6)
Primary terms
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      - Tommotian (3)
    - Middle Cambrian
      - Burgess Shale (6)
      - Flathead Sandstone (1)
      - Wheeler Formation (3)
    - Mount Read Volcanics (39)
    - Pioche Shale (1)
    - Semri Series (8)
    - Upper Cambrian
      - Furongian (5)
  - Carboniferous
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    - Benxi Formation (1)
    - Lower Carboniferous
      - Asbian (1)
      - Dinantian (13)
    - Middle Carboniferous (3)
    - Mississippian
      - Barnett Shale (2)
      - Lower Mississippian
        
        Kinderhookian (1)
        
        Tournaisian (4)
      - Middle Mississippian
        
        Visean (6)
      - Mission Canyon Limestone (1)
      - Upper Mississippian
        
        Meramecian
        
        Sainte Genevieve Limestone (1)
        
        Serpukhovian (4)
    - Namurian (3)
    - Pennsylvanian
      - Cumberland Group (1)
      - Lower Pennsylvanian
        
        Bashkirian (1)
        
        Morrowan (1)
      - Middle Pennsylvanian
        
        Kanawha Formation (1)
      - Upper Pennsylvanian
        
        Gzhelian (1)
        
        Kasimovian (1)
    - Upper Carboniferous
      - Karharbari Stage (3)
      - Talchir Series (1)
      - Westphalian (5)
  - Devonian
    - Heemskirk Granite (4)
    - Hunsruck Shale (1)
    - Lilydale Limestone (1)
    - Lower Devonian
      - Emsian (11)
      - Lochkovian (4)
      - Pragian (7)
      - Shap Granite (1)
      - Siegenian (3)
    - Middle Devonian
      - Eifelian (5)
      - Givetian (13)
      - Sylvania Formation (1)
    - Miette Complex (1)
    - Old Red Sandstone (2)
    - Upper Devonian
      - Cleveland Member (1)
      - Famennian
        
        lower Famennian (2)
      - Frasnian
        
        lower Frasnian (1)
        
        upper Frasnian (3)
      - Kellwasser event (2)
      - Nisku Formation (2)
      - Palliser Formation (1)
    - Zlichovian (1)
  - Gemericum (1)
  - Itarare Subgroup (1)
  - lower Paleozoic (69)
  - middle Paleozoic (5)
  - Minnelusa Formation (1)
  - Ordovician
    - Lower Ordovician
      - Arenigian (1)
      - El Paso Group (1)
      - Fillmore Formation (1)
      - Floian (2)
      - Ibexian (2)
      - Tremadocian (2)
    - Middle Ordovician
      - Dapingian (1)
      - Darriwilian (3)
      - Dolgeville Formation (1)
      - Llandeilian (1)
      - Llanvirnian (2)
    - Trenton Group (3)
    - Upper Ordovician
      - Ashgillian (5)
      - Caradocian (3)
      - Cincinnatian (2)
      - Edenian (1)
      - Hirnantian (6)
      - Katian (1)
      - Mohawkian (1)
      - Red River Formation (1)
      - Trentonian (3)
    - Utica Shale (1)
  - Permian
    - Castile Formation (1)
    - Cutler Formation (2)
    - Ecca Group (52)
    - Gharif Formation (14)
    - Guadalupian
      - Capitan Formation (3)
      - Capitanian (8)
      - Roadian (4)
      - Wordian (4)
    - Illawarra Coal Measures (1)
    - Kamthi Formation (2)
    - Khuff Formation (53)
    - Longtan Formation (3)
    - Lower Permian
      - Al Khlata Formation (12)
      - Barakar Stage (11)
      - Cisuralian
        
        Artinskian (13)
        
        Asselian (2)
        
        Kungurian (10)
        
        Sakmarian (10)
      - Leonardian (2)
      - Qixia Formation (2)
      - Wolfcampian
        
        Hueco Limestone (1)
    - Maokou Formation (9)
    - Middle Permian (27)
    - Newcastle Coal Measures (3)
    - Rio Bonito Formation (1)
    - Unayzah Formation (34)
    - Upper Permian
      - Changxing Formation (6)
      - Kazanian (1)
      - Lopingian
        
        Changhsingian (8)
        
        Wuchiapingian (4)
      - Permian-Triassic boundary (51)
      - Rangal Coal Measures (1)
      - Raniganj Formation (5)
      - Tatarian (1)
    - Vryheid Formation (13)
    - Whitehill Formation (11)
  - Phuket Group (5)
  - Pilot Shale (1)
  - Road River Formation (1)
  - Silurian
    - Lower Silurian
      - Llandovery
        
        Aeronian (1)
        
        Rhuddanian (1)
        
        Telychian (3)
      - Qalibah Formation (6)
      - Wenlock (6)
    - Middle Silurian (2)
    - Upper Silurian
      - Ludlow
        
        Gorstian (2)
      - Pridoli (2)
      - Salina Group (1)
  - Taiyuan Formation (1)
  - Talchir Formation (9)
  - upper Paleozoic
    - Bakken Formation (1)
    - Dwyka Formation (46)
    - Fountain Formation (2)
    - Tirrawarra Sandstone (5)
- palynology (10)
- palynomorphs
  - acritarchs
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  - Chitinozoa (9)
  - Dinoflagellata
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    - Peridinium (1)
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  - miospores
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    - pollen (106)
- paragenesis (272)
- permafrost (1)
- petroleum
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    - shale gas (29)
  - shale oil (1)
- petrology (605)
- Phanerozoic (70)
- phase equilibria (196)
- phosphate deposits (16)
- phosphorus (17)
- placers
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- planetology (1)
- Plantae
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    - Chlorophyta
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      - Charophyta (4)
      - Chlorophyceae
        
        Codiaceae
        
        Halimeda (3)
        
        Dasycladaceae (4)
    - Coccolithophoraceae
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      - Coccolithus (1)
      - Emiliania
        
        Emiliania huxleyi (2)
    - diatoms (27)
    - Epiphyton (1)
    - nannofossils
      - Braarudosphaeridae (1)
      - Helicopontosphaera (1)
      - Sphenolithus (2)
    - Phaeophyta (1)
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    - Rhodophyta
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        Lithophyllum (1)
      - Gymnocodiaceae (1)
  - Bryophyta
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  - Pteridophyta
    - Filicopsida
      - Archaeopteris (1)
      - Azolla (1)
    - Lycopsida (7)
    - Sphenopsida
      - Sphenophyllum (1)
  - Spermatophyta
    - Angiospermae
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        Compositae (1)
        
        Euphorbiaceae (1)
        
        Lauraceae (1)
        
        Leguminosae (1)
        
        Magnoliidae (1)
        
        Myrtaceae
        
        Eucalyptus (4)
        
        Nothofagus (1)
        
        Rosidae (1)
      - Monocotyledoneae
        
        Arecidae (1)
        
        Gramineae (6)
        
        Palmae (2)
    - Gymnospermae
      - Coniferae (1)
      - Coniferales
        
        Araucariaceae
        
        Araucaria (1)
        
        Pinaceae
        
        Pinus (1)
      - Cordaitales (1)
      - Cycadales (4)
      - Ginkgoales
        
        Ginkgo (1)
      - Glossopteridales
        
        Gangamopteris (3)
        
        Glossopteris
        
        Glossopteris flora (4)
- plate tectonics (1254)
- pollution (155)
- potash (5)
- Precambrian
  - Archean
    - Aravalli System (9)
    - Bulawayan Group (9)
    - Eoarchean (2)
    - Fig Tree Group (17)
    - Gangpur Series (4)
    - Iron Ore Group (8)
    - J-M Reef (3)
    - Kalgoorlie System (2)
    - Kromberg Formation (3)
    - Mesoarchean (62)
    - Napier Complex (2)
    - Neoarchean
      - Dharwar Supergroup (17)
      - Sargur Group (8)
    - Paleoarchean
      - Hooggenoeg Formation (8)
    - Peninsular Gneiss (7)
    - Sausar Series (4)
    - Singhbhum Granite (8)
    - Swaziland Supergroup (5)
    - Warrawoona Group (15)
  - Bijawar System (5)
  - Brockman Iron Formation (14)
  - Central Rand Group (33)
  - Cuddapah System (4)
  - Delhi Supergroup (3)
  - Eocambrian (3)
  - Fortescue Group (11)
  - Gunflint Iron Formation (3)
  - Hadean (28)
  - Hamersley Group (26)
  - Johnnie Formation (1)
  - middle Precambrian (1)
  - Onverwacht Group (25)
  - Pongola Supergroup (20)
  - Prince Albert Group (2)
  - Sakoli Group (1)
  - Stillwater Complex (8)
  - Swaziland Sequence (1)
  - Transvaal Supergroup (95)
  - Unkar Group (1)
  - upper Precambrian
    - Mahakoshal Group (10)
    - Proterozoic
      - Adelaidean (2)
      - Algonkian
        
        Baraboo Quartzite (1)
      - Banded Gneissic Complex (3)
      - Bitter Springs Formation (13)
      - Cahill Formation (3)
      - Damara System (4)
      - Great Oxidation Event (10)
      - Huronian (5)
      - Isan Orogeny (9)
      - Kombolgie Formation (6)
      - Malmani Subgroup (13)
      - McNamara Group (3)
      - Mesoproterozoic
        
        Belt Supergroup (1)
        
        Gawler Range Volcanics (9)
        
        Hiltaba Suite (5)
        
        Roper Group (10)
        
        Shuangqiaoshan Group (1)
        
        Soldiers Cap Group (2)
        
        Stenian (2)
      - Neoproterozoic
        
        Blaini Formation (1)
        
        Burra Group (3)
        
        Cryogenian (23)
        
        Dengying Formation (1)
        
        Doushantuo Formation (3)
        
        Ediacaran
        
        Wonoka Formation (8)
        
        Infracambrian (3)
        
        Marinoan (11)
        
        Nantuo Formation (2)
        
        Otavi Group (1)
        
        Riphean (4)
        
        Sturtian (16)
        
        Tonian (11)
        
        Vendian (33)
        
        Wilpena Group (6)
      - Paleoproterozoic
        
        Aphebian
        
        Hurwitz Group (1)
        
        Birimian (2)
        
        Corella Formation (3)
        
        Dhanjori Group (2)
        
        Orosirian (1)
        
        Rooiberg Group (9)
        
        Rustenburg Layered Suite (21)
        
        Siderian (3)
        
        Svecofennian (1)
        
        Urquhart Shale (11)
        
        Willyama Supergroup (16)
        
        Wollaston Group (1)
      - Pretoria Group (17)
      - Roan Supergroup (10)
      - Sinian
        
        Dengying Formation (1)
        
        Doushantuo Formation (3)
        
        Nantuo Formation (2)
      - Tapley Hill Formation (4)
      - Umberatana Group (2)
      - Windermere System (1)
      - Wolkberg Group (1)
  - Ventersdorp Supergroup (49)
  - Waterberg System (15)
  - Witwatersrand Supergroup (68)
- problematic fossils
  - Calcisphaerulidae (1)
  - problematic microfossils (15)
- Pterobranchia (4)
- reclamation (14)
- Red Sea region (39)
- reefs (183)
- remote sensing (258)
- reservoirs (47)
- roads (50)
- rock mechanics (83)
- sand deposits (2)
- sea water (79)
- sea-floor spreading (127)
- sea-level changes (302)
- sedimentary petrology (352)
- sedimentary rocks
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    - grainstone (38)
    - limestone
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      - biomicrite (1)
      - biosparite (1)
      - calcarenite (8)
      - coquina (2)
      - dolomitic limestone (4)
      - micrite (15)
      - microbialite (14)
      - oolitic limestone (3)
    - packstone (29)
    - rudstone (8)
    - travertine (11)
    - wackestone (26)
  - chemically precipitated rocks
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    - duricrust (13)
    - evaporites
      - salt (31)
    - ferricrete (1)
    - iron formations
      - banded iron formations (67)
    - ironstone (19)
    - jaspilite (3)
    - phosphate rocks (23)
    - silcrete (16)
    - siliceous sinter (7)
    - taconite (1)
    - tufa (7)
    - weathering crust (6)
  - clastic rocks
    - arenite
      - quartz arenite (16)
      - sublitharenite (1)
    - argillite (8)
    - arkose (7)
    - bentonite (4)
    - black shale (41)
    - cinerite (1)
    - claystone (22)
    - conglomerate
      - quartz-pebble conglomerate (9)
    - diamictite (57)
    - diatomite (3)
    - eolianite (10)
    - fanglomerate (2)
    - graywacke (6)
    - marl (15)
    - mudstone (153)
    - orthoquartzite (3)
    - porcellanite (6)
    - radiolarite (4)
    - red beds (23)
    - sandstone (525)
    - shale (255)