Page 1 | Search Results | GeoRef

Skip to Main Content

Close

Journals
Books
GeoRef
Publishers
OpenGeoSci
- About OpenGeoSci
- Explore OpenGeoSci
Citation Manager
Help

Sign In

header search

search input Search input auto suggest

filter your search

Search

Advanced Search

Menu

Skip Nav Destination

Update search

Querybuilder input 1 Querybuilder input

Filter

Abstract
Affiliation
All
Authors
Book Series
DOI
EISBN
EISSN
Full Text
GeoRef ID
ISBN
ISSN
Issue
Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
Meeting Information
Report #
Title
Volume

Querybuilder input 2 Querybuilder input

Filter

Abstract
Affiliation
All
Authors
Book Series
DOI
EISBN
EISSN
Full Text
GeoRef ID
ISBN
ISSN
Issue
Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
Meeting Information
Report #
Title
Volume

Querybuilder input 3 Querybuilder input

Filter

Abstract
Affiliation
All
Authors
Book Series
DOI
EISBN
EISSN
Full Text
GeoRef ID
ISBN
ISSN
Issue
Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
Meeting Information
Report #
Title
Volume

Querybuilder input 4 Querybuilder input

Filter

Abstract
Affiliation
All
Authors
Book Series
DOI
EISBN
EISSN
Full Text
GeoRef ID
ISBN
ISSN
Issue
Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
Meeting Information
Report #
Title
Volume

Querybuilder input 5 Querybuilder input

Filter

Abstract
Affiliation
All
Authors
Book Series
DOI
EISBN
EISSN
Full Text
GeoRef ID
ISBN
ISSN
Issue
Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
Meeting Information
Report #
Title
Volume

Querybuilder input 6 Querybuilder input

Filter

Abstract
Affiliation
All
Authors
Book Series
DOI
EISBN
EISSN
Full Text
GeoRef ID
ISBN
ISSN
Issue
Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
Meeting Information
Report #
Title
Volume

NARROW

Format

Facet list

Journal Article (735)
Book Chapter (35)
Book (1)

Article Type

Facet list

Research Article (511)
Other (213)
News (4)
Letter (2)
Rapid Communication (2)
Announcement (1)
Introduction (1)
Review Article (1)

Journal

Facet list

Economic Geology (87)
The Canadian Mineralogist (87)
Geology (58)
American Mineralogist (53)
European Journal of Mineralogy (47)
Geological Magazine (47)
Journal of the Geological Society (37)
Mineralogical Magazine (36)
Geophysics (35)
Journal of Paleontology (34)
Russian Geology and Geophysics (30)
Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis (24)
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (23)
GSA Bulletin (22)
Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France (13)
PALAIOS (13)
Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (11)
Interpretation (9)
AAPG Bulletin (8)
Clays and Clay Minerals (8)
Clay Minerals (7)
Journal of Foraminiferal Research (5)
Journal of Sedimentary Research (5)
Seismological Research Letters (5)
Elements (4)
Micropaleontology (4)
Vadose Zone Journal (4)
Palynology (3)
The Leading Edge (3)
Journal of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics (2)

Publisher

Facet list

Geological Society of America (105)
Mineralogical Association of Canada (87)
Society of Economic Geologists (87)
Geological Society of London (79)
Mineralogical Society of America (58)
Cambridge University Press (47)
Society of Exploration Geophysicists (47)
Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland (43)
GeoScienceWorld Journals (42)
Paleontological Society (36)

Section

Facet list

Articles (52)
Article (12)
Research Article (6)
Original Article (5)
ORIGINAL ARTICLES (2)
Regular Article (2)
Thematic Set: Neotectonics, Seismicity and Stress in Glaciated Regions (2)
Data Mine (1)
Papers (1)
TECHNICAL PAPERS (1)

GeoRef Subject

all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
- Africa
  - Central Africa
    - Congo (1)
    - Congo Democratic Republic (1)
    - Gabon
      - Oklo (1)
  - East Africa
    - Tanzania
      - Oldoinyo Lengai (2)
  - Southern Africa
    - Namibia (2)
    - South Africa
      - Bushveld Complex (1)
      - Free State South Africa
        
        Vredefort Dome (1)
    - Zimbabwe (2)
  - West Africa
    - Nigeria
      - Jos Plateau (1)
- Antarctica
  - Antarctic ice sheet (1)
  - Antarctic Peninsula (1)
  - East Antarctica (1)
  - Queen Maud Land
    - East Ongul Island (1)
- Arctic Ocean
  - Barents Sea
    - White Sea (4)
  - Norwegian Sea
    - Voring Plateau (2)
- Arctic region
  - Greenland
    - Ilimaussaq (4)
    - Jameson Land (1)
    - Skaergaard Intrusion (1)
    - South Greenland (2)
  - Russian Arctic
    - Novaya Zemlya (1)
  - Svalbard
    - Spitsbergen (1)
- Asia
  - Arabian Peninsula
    - Saudi Arabia (1)
  - Baikal region (2)
  - Central Asia
    - Aral Sea (1)
    - Kazakhstan (3)
  - Far East
    - Burma (1)
    - China
      - Hubei China (1)
      - Hunan China (1)
      - Sichuan China (1)
      - Xizang China (1)
      - Yangtze Platform (1)
    - Indonesia
      - Sumatra (1)
    - Japan
      - Honshu
        
        Akita Japan
        
        Hokuroku Japan (1)
      - Shikoku (1)
    - Korea (1)
  - Himalayas (2)
  - Indian Peninsula
    - India
      - Chhattisgarh India (1)
  - Irkutsk Russian Federation
    - Slyudyanka Russian Federation (1)
  - Kamchatka Russian Federation
    - Kamchatka Peninsula
      - Tolbachik (1)
  - Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
    - Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation
      - Norilsk region (1)
  - Kyrgyzstan
    - Issyk-kul Lake (1)
  - Lake Baikal (1)
  - Middle East
    - Iran (1)
    - Turkey
      - Pontic Mountains (1)
  - Primorye Russian Federation (1)
  - Russian Far East (1)
  - Russian Pacific region (1)
  - Siberia (3)
  - Siberian fold belt (1)
  - Siberian Platform
    - Aldan Shield (1)
    - Anabar Shield (1)
  - Tien Shan (1)
  - Yakutia Russian Federation
    - Anabar Shield (1)
- Atlantic Ocean
  - North Atlantic
    - Baltic Sea
      - Gulf of Bothnia (4)
      - Gulf of Finland (5)
      - Gulf of Riga (1)
    - Irish Sea (1)
    - North Sea
      - Kattegat (3)
      - Skagerrak (1)
      - Snorre Field (1)
    - Northeast Atlantic (2)
  - South Atlantic (1)
- Atlantic region (6)
- Australasia
  - Australia
    - New South Wales Australia (1)
    - South Australia
      - Olympic Dam Deposit (1)
    - Western Australia (3)
- Barents region (1)
- Caledonides (45)
- Canada
  - Arctic Archipelago (2)
  - Eastern Canada
    - Baffin Island (2)
    - Maritime Provinces
      - New Brunswick (1)
      - Nova Scotia (1)
    - Newfoundland and Labrador
      - Labrador
        
        Voisey's Bay Deposit (1)
      - Newfoundland (1)
    - Ontario
      - Hamilton Ontario (1)
      - Hastings County Ontario
        
        Bancroft Ontario (1)
      - Sudbury Basin (1)
      - Sudbury igneous complex (1)
      - Thunder Bay District Ontario
        
        Manitouwadge Ontario (1)
    - Quebec
      - Anticosti Island (2)
      - Rouville County Quebec
        
        Mont-Saint-Hilaire Quebec (3)
  - Nunavut
    - Baffin Island (2)
  - Western Canada
    - Alberta (2)
    - Manitoba (2)
    - Northwest Territories (3)
- Caribbean region
  - West Indies
    - Antilles
      - Greater Antilles
        
        Hispaniola
        
        Dominican Republic (2)
- Caspian Sea (1)
- Central America
  - Nicaragua (1)
- Commonwealth of Independent States
  - Aral Sea (1)
  - Azov Sea (1)
  - Belarus (1)
  - Kazakhstan (3)
  - Kyrgyzstan
    - Issyk-kul Lake (1)
  - Russian Federation
    - Arkhangelsk Russian Federation
      - Novaya Zemlya (1)
    - Baikal region (2)
    - Irkutsk Russian Federation
      - Slyudyanka Russian Federation (1)
    - Kaliningrad Russian Federation (2)
    - Kamchatka Russian Federation
      - Kamchatka Peninsula
        
        Tolbachik (1)
    - Karelia Russian Federation
      - Belomorsk Russian Federation (2)
    - Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
      - Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation
        
        Norilsk region (1)
    - Lake Baikal (1)
    - Lake Ladoga (2)
    - Lake Onega (3)
    - Leningrad Oblast Russian Federation
      - Saint Petersburg Russian Federation (9)
    - Murmansk Russian Federation
      - Khibiny Mountains (85)
      - Kola Peninsula (126)
      - Kola Russian Federation (8)
      - Kola Superdeep Borehole (1)
      - Kovdor Massif (16)
      - Lovozero Massif (36)
      - Lovozero Russian Federation (1)
      - Monchegorsk Russian Federation (2)
      - Pechenga (6)
    - Novgorod Russian Federation (1)
    - Primorye Russian Federation (1)
    - Russian Arctic
      - Novaya Zemlya (1)
    - Russian Far East (1)
    - Russian Fennoscandia (9)
    - Russian Pacific region (1)
    - Siberian Platform
      - Aldan Shield (1)
      - Anabar Shield (1)
    - Timan-Pechora region (1)
    - Valdai (2)
    - Volga region (1)
    - Vologda Russian Federation (2)
    - Voronezh Russian Federation
      - Voronezh Anteclise (1)
    - Yakutia Russian Federation
      - Anabar Shield (1)
  - Ukraine
    - Podolia (1)
  - Urals
    - Novaya Zemlya (1)
- Eurasia (1)
- Europe
  - Alps
    - Swiss Alps
      - Central Swiss Alps (1)
  - Arkhangelsk Russian Federation
    - Novaya Zemlya (1)
  - Azov Sea (1)
  - Baltic Plain (1)
  - Baltic region
    - Estonia
      - Saaremaa (14)
      - Tallinn Estonia (8)
    - Latvia (6)
    - Lithuania (4)
  - Belarus (1)
  - Central Europe
    - Austria
      - Carinthia Austria (1)
    - Black Forest (1)
    - Bohemian Massif (1)
    - Czech Republic
      - Bohemia
        
        Jachymov Czech Republic (1)
      - Moravia (1)
    - Germany
      - Eifel (1)
      - Lower Saxony Germany
        
        Gorleben (1)
      - Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania Germany
        
        Rugen Island (1)
      - Saxony Germany (1)
    - Hungary (1)
    - Poland
      - Poznan Poland (1)
    - Pomerania (1)
    - Switzerland
      - Graubunden Switzerland (1)
      - Swiss Alps
        
        Central Swiss Alps (1)
      - Ticino Switzerland (1)
      - Uri Switzerland (1)
  - Dvina River (1)
  - Fennoscandia
    - Russian Fennoscandia (9)
  - Fennoscandian Shield (71)
  - Kaliningrad Russian Federation (2)
  - Karelia (14)
  - Karelia Russian Federation
    - Belomorsk Russian Federation (2)
  - Lake Ladoga (2)
  - Lake Ladoga region (4)
  - Lake Onega (3)
  - Lapland
    - Lapland Finland
      - Inari Finland (3)
      - Sodankyla Finland (1)
  - Leningrad Oblast Russian Federation
    - Saint Petersburg Russian Federation (9)
  - Murmansk Russian Federation
    - Khibiny Mountains (85)
    - Kola Peninsula (126)
    - Kola Russian Federation (8)
    - Kola Superdeep Borehole (1)
    - Kovdor Massif (16)
    - Lovozero Massif (36)
    - Lovozero Russian Federation (1)
    - Monchegorsk Russian Federation (2)
    - Pechenga (6)
  - Novgorod Russian Federation (1)
  - Pyrenees
    - Spanish Pyrenees (1)
  - Rhenish Schiefergebirge
    - Eifel (1)
  - Southern Europe
    - Iberian Peninsula
      - Iberian Massif (1)
      - Spain
        
        Spanish Pyrenees (1)
    - Italy
      - Campania Italy
        
        Monte Somma (1)
      - Lombardy Italy
        
        Como Italy (1)
      - Sicily Italy
        
        Lipari Islands
        
        Vulcano (1)
      - Tuscany Italy
        
        Travale Field (1)
    - Romania (3)
    - Serbia (2)
    - Slovenia (2)
    - Yugoslavia (1)
  - Timan-Pechora region (1)
  - Tornquist-Teisseyre Zone (1)
  - Ukraine
    - Podolia (1)
  - Valdai (2)
  - Variscides (1)
  - Vologda Russian Federation (2)
  - Voronezh Russian Federation
    - Voronezh Anteclise (1)
  - Western Europe
    - France
      - Armorican Massif (1)
      - Aude France (1)
      - Bas-Rhin France
        
        Soultz-sous-Forets France (1)
      - Haute-Marne France (1)
      - Meuse France (1)
    - Iceland (1)
    - Ireland (4)
    - Scandinavia
      - Denmark
        
        Bornholm (2)
      - Finland
        
        Aland (1)
        
        Kainuu Finland
        
        Kuhmo Finland (1)
        
        Lake Lappajarvi (1)
        
        Lapland Finland
        
        Inari Finland (3)
        
        Sodankyla Finland (1)
        
        North Karelia Finland
        
        Outokumpu Finland (11)
        
        North Ostrobothnia Finland
        
        Oulu Finland (2)
        
        North Savo Finland
        
        Kuopio Finland (2)
        
        Ostrobothnia Finland (2)
        
        Pirkanmaa Finland
        
        Tampere Finland (2)
        
        Ylojarvi Finland (1)
        
        Satakunta Finland
        
        Eurajoki Finland
        
        Olkiluoto (2)
        
        Uusimaa Finland
        
        Helsinki Finland (4)
        
        Varsinais-Suomi Finland
        
        Turku Finland (1)
      - Koli Nappe (1)
      - Norway
        
        Finnmark Norway (12)
        
        Nordland Norway
        
        Lofoten Islands (3)
        
        Ofoten (1)
        
        Northern Norway (30)
        
        Oslo Norway (2)
        
        Soroy (2)
        
        Southern Norway (1)
        
        Telemark Norway (2)
        
        Troms Norway
        
        Lyngen Peninsula (2)
        
        Trondelag (1)
        
        Vesteralen (1)
        
        Vestfold Norway
        
        Larvik Norway (1)
      - Scandinavian Mountains (1)
      - Sweden
        
        Bergslagen (2)
        
        Dalarna (1)
        
        Dalarna Sweden
        
        Siljan (1)
        
        Gotland Sweden (2)
        
        Jamtland Sweden (1)
        
        Kalmar Sweden
        
        Oskarshamn Sweden (1)
        
        Norrbotten Sweden
        
        Gallivare Sweden (2)
        
        Kiruna Sweden (21)
        
        Laisvall Sweden (3)
        
        Skane (1)
        
        Skellefte mining district (9)
        
        Stockholm Sweden (1)
        
        Uppsala Sweden
        
        Forsmark Sweden (5)
        
        Vasterbotten Sweden
        
        Boliden Sweden (5)
        
        Vastergotland (1)
    - United Kingdom
      - Great Britain
        
        England
        
        Cambridge England (1)
        
        Cumbria England (1)
        
        Welsh Borderland (1)
        
        Scotland
        
        Highland region Scotland
        
        Caithness Scotland (1)
        
        Wales
        
        Anglesey Wales (1)
- Guadalupe Mountains (1)
- Indian Ocean
  - Arabian Sea
    - Indus Fan (1)
- Kimberley Basin (1)
- Kings Bay (1)
- Mediterranean Sea
  - East Mediterranean
    - Black Sea (1)
- Mexico
  - Guanajuato Mexico (1)
  - San Luis Potosi Mexico (1)
- North America
  - Appalachian Basin (1)
  - Appalachians (6)
  - Basin and Range Province (1)
  - Canadian Shield
    - Grenville Province (2)
    - Slave Province (1)
    - Superior Province (1)
  - Grenville Front (1)
  - Gulf Coastal Plain (1)
- Northern Hemisphere (1)
- Orcadian Basin (2)
- Pacific Ocean
  - East Pacific
    - Northeast Pacific
      - Monterey Fan (1)
  - North Pacific
    - Northeast Pacific
      - Monterey Fan (1)
  - South Pacific
    - Southwest Pacific
      - Banda Sea (1)
  - West Pacific
    - Indonesian Seas
      - Banda Sea (1)
    - Southwest Pacific
      - Banda Sea (1)
- Russian Platform
  - Baltic Plain (1)
  - Russian Fennoscandia (9)
- Searles Lake (1)
- South America
  - Brazil
    - Minas Gerais Brazil (2)
    - Paraiba Brazil (1)
    - Rio Grande do Sul Brazil (1)
  - Chile
    - Antofagasta Chile (1)
  - Peru (2)
  - Venezuela
    - Maracaibo Basin (1)
- Southern Ocean
  - Ross Sea (1)
- United States
  - Alabama (1)
  - Alaska (2)
  - Arkansas
    - Hot Spring County Arkansas (1)
  - California
    - Channel Islands
      - San Clemente Island (1)
    - Los Angeles County California
      - San Clemente Island (1)
  - Cincinnati Arch (1)
  - Colorado
    - Mineral County Colorado
      - Creede mining district (1)
  - Eastern U.S. (1)
  - Illinois
    - Lee County Illinois (1)
  - Iowa (1)
  - Kentucky (2)
  - Maine
    - Penobscot County Maine (1)
  - Michigan (1)
  - Minnesota
    - Hennepin County Minnesota
      - Minneapolis Minnesota (1)
    - Ramsey County Minnesota
      - Saint Paul Minnesota (1)
  - Missouri (1)
  - Montana (3)
  - Nevada
    - Nye County Nevada
      - Yucca Mountain (1)
  - New England (2)
  - New Jersey (1)
  - New Mexico
    - Animas Mountains (1)
    - Datil-Mogollon volcanic field (1)
    - Hidalgo County New Mexico (1)
    - Taos County New Mexico
      - Questa Caldera (1)
    - Valles Caldera (1)
  - New York
    - Clinton County New York (1)
    - Niagara County New York (1)
    - Oneida County New York (1)
  - Ohio
    - Hamilton County Ohio
      - Cincinnati Ohio (1)
  - Ohio River valley (1)
  - Oklahoma (2)
  - Pennsylvania
    - Bradford County Pennsylvania (1)
    - Cameron County Pennsylvania (1)
    - Clinton County Pennsylvania (1)
    - Sullivan County Pennsylvania (1)
    - Tioga County Pennsylvania (1)
    - Wyoming County Pennsylvania (1)
  - Tennessee
    - Rutherford County Tennessee (1)
  - Texas
    - El Paso County Texas
      - El Paso Texas (1)
  - Utah
    - Juab County Utah (1)
  - Vermont
    - Grand Isle County Vermont (1)
  - Virginia (1)
  - Wyoming
    - Sublette County Wyoming (1)
- USSR (18)
- Vulture Mountain (1)
commodities
- ceramic materials (1)
- construction materials
  - building stone (1)
- diamond deposits (1)
- energy sources (1)
- evaporite deposits (1)
- gems (2)
- geothermal energy (2)
- granite deposits (1)
- industrial minerals (2)
- metal ores
  - antimony ores (1)
  - base metals (7)
  - chromite ores (6)
  - cobalt ores (5)
  - copper ores (50)
  - gold ores (30)
  - IOCG deposits (3)
  - iridium ores (1)
  - iron ores (23)
  - lead ores (4)
  - lead-zinc deposits (8)
  - manganese ores (1)
  - mercury ores (1)
  - molybdenum ores (2)
  - nickel ores (25)
  - niobium ores (1)
  - palladium ores (5)
  - platinum ores (29)
  - polymetallic ores (13)
  - pyrite ores (3)
  - rare earth deposits (4)
  - rhodium ores (1)
  - silver ores (6)
  - thorium ores (1)
  - tin ores (2)
  - tungsten ores (1)
  - uranium ores (6)
  - vanadium ores (2)
  - zinc ores (17)
- mica deposits (1)
- mineral deposits, genesis (73)
- mineral exploration (48)
- mineral resources (8)
- oil and gas fields (2)
- ornamental materials (3)
- petroleum
  - natural gas
    - coalbed methane (1)
    - shale gas (2)
- phosphate deposits (8)
- placers (3)
- soapstone (1)
- sodium carbonate (1)
- sulfur deposits (1)
- water resources (1)
elements, isotopes
- carbon
  - C-13 (1)
  - C-13/C-12 (19)
  - C-14 (4)
  - organic carbon (2)
- chemical elements (1)
- chemical ratios (6)
- halogens
  - bromine (1)
  - chlorine (5)
  - fluorine (4)
  - iodine (1)
- hydrogen
  - D/H (3)
- incompatible elements (2)
- isotope ratios (44)
- isotopes
  - radioactive isotopes
    - Al-26 (1)
    - Ar-40/Ar-39 (3)
    - Be-10 (2)
    - C-14 (4)
    - Os-187/Os-186 (1)
    - Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
    - Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
    - Pb-210 (1)
    - Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
    - Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
  - stable isotopes
    - Ar-40 (1)
    - Ar-40/Ar-39 (3)
    - C-13 (1)
    - C-13/C-12 (19)
    - D/H (3)
    - Fe-56/Fe-54 (1)
    - Hf-177/Hf-176 (2)
    - Kr-84 (1)
    - Nd-144/Nd-143 (6)
    - O-17/O-16 (1)
    - O-18 (1)
    - O-18/O-16 (16)
    - Os-187/Os-186 (1)
    - Os-188/Os-187 (1)
    - Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
    - Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
    - Pb-207/Pb-206 (2)
    - Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
    - S-32 (1)
    - S-33/S-32 (2)
    - S-34/S-32 (12)
    - Si-29 (1)
    - Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
    - Sr-87/Sr-86 (7)
- Lu/Hf (1)
- metals
  - actinides
    - thorium (2)
    - uranium (3)
  - alkali metals
    - lithium (1)
    - potassium (5)
    - rubidium
      - Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
    - sodium (8)
  - alkaline earth metals
    - barium (3)
    - beryllium
      - Be-10 (2)
    - calcium (5)
    - magnesium (4)
    - strontium
      - Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
      - Sr-87/Sr-86 (7)
  - aluminum
    - Al-26 (1)
  - antimony (1)
  - arsenic (2)
  - bismuth (3)
  - cadmium (1)
  - chromium (4)
  - copper (7)
  - gold (7)
  - hafnium
    - Hf-177/Hf-176 (2)
  - indium (2)
  - iron
    - Fe-56/Fe-54 (1)
    - ferric iron (4)
    - ferrous iron (4)
  - lead
    - Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
    - Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
    - Pb-207/Pb-206 (2)
    - Pb-210 (1)
  - manganese (6)
  - mercury (1)
  - molybdenum (5)
  - nickel (5)
  - niobium (2)
  - platinum group
    - iridium (5)
    - iridium ores (1)
    - osmium
      - Os-187/Os-186 (1)
      - Os-188/Os-187 (1)
    - palladium (13)
    - palladium ores (5)
    - platinum (7)
    - platinum ores (29)
    - rhodium (4)
    - rhodium ores (1)
    - ruthenium (2)
  - precious metals (3)
  - rare earths
    - cerium (2)
    - europium (1)
    - gadolinium (1)
    - lanthanum (1)
    - lutetium (1)
    - neodymium
      - Nd-144/Nd-143 (6)
      - Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
    - samarium
      - Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
    - scandium (1)
    - yttrium (1)
  - rhenium (1)
  - silver (2)
  - thallium (1)
  - titanium (9)
  - tungsten (1)
  - vanadium (4)
  - zinc (4)
  - zirconium (3)
- nitrogen (1)
- noble gases
  - argon
    - Ar-40 (1)
    - Ar-40/Ar-39 (3)
  - krypton
    - Kr-84 (1)
- oxygen
  - dissolved oxygen (2)
  - O-17/O-16 (1)
  - O-18 (1)
  - O-18/O-16 (16)
- phosphorus
  - organic phosphorus (1)
- selenium (1)
- silicon
  - Si-29 (1)
- sulfur
  - S-32 (1)
  - S-33/S-32 (2)
  - S-34/S-32 (12)
- tellurium (5)
- trace metals (2)
fossils
- bacteria (2)
- borings (4)
- burrows (3)
- Chordata
  - Vertebrata
    - Agnatha
      - Ostracodermi (1)
    - Pisces
      - Osteichthyes
        
        Sarcopterygii
        
        Crossopterygii (1)
      - Placodermi
        
        Arthrodira (2)
- cyanobacteria (1)
- eukaryotes (1)
- fungi (1)
- Graptolithina
  - Graptoloidea
    - Didymograptina (1)
- Hemichordata (2)
- ichnofossils
  - Arenicolites (1)
  - Palaeophycus (1)
  - Trypanites (1)
- Invertebrata
  - Archaeocyatha (1)
  - Arthropoda
    - Chelicerata
      - Arachnida (1)
    - Mandibulata
      - Crustacea
        
        Ostracoda
        
        Paleocopida (1)
        
        Podocopida
        
        Cypridocopina (1)
      - Insecta
        
        Pterygota
        
        Neoptera
        
        Endopterygota
        
        Diptera
        
        Chironomidae (1)
        
        Hymenoptera (3)
        
        Exopterygota
        
        Hemiptera (2)
        
        Orthoptera (1)
        
        Palaeoptera
        
        Odonata (1)
    - Trilobitomorpha
      - Trilobita
        
        Phacopida (1)
        
        Ptychopariida
        
        Olenidae (1)
        
        Proetidae (1)
  - Brachiopoda
    - Articulata
      - Orthida (2)
    - Inarticulata
      - Lingula (1)
  - Bryozoa
    - Cystoporata (2)
    - Trepostomata (4)
  - Cnidaria
    - Anthozoa
      - Zoantharia
        
        Rugosa (4)
        
        Tabulata (3)
    - Hydrozoa (1)
    - Scyphozoa
      - Conulariida (1)
  - Echinodermata
    - Crinozoa
      - Crinoidea (4)
    - Homalozoa
      - Homoiostelea (1)
  - Mollusca
    - Bivalvia
      - Heterodonta
        
        Veneroida (1)
    - Cephalopoda (1)
    - Hyolithes (1)
    - Tentaculitida (2)
  - Porifera
    - Stromatoporoidea (4)
  - Protista
    - Foraminifera
      - Allogromiina (1)
      - Rotaliina
        
        Orbitoidacea
        
        Cibicides (1)
      - Textulariina
        
        Ammodiscacea (1)
        
        Lituolacea (1)
  - Vermes
    - Annelida (1)
    - scolecodonts (1)
- microfossils
  - Chitinozoa (7)
  - Conodonta (14)
  - problematic microfossils (1)
  - scolecodonts (1)
- palynomorphs
  - acritarchs (7)
  - Chitinozoa (7)
  - miospores
    - pollen (2)
- Plantae
  - algae
    - Chlorophyta
      - Chlorophyceae
        
        Dasycladaceae (1)
    - diatoms (1)
  - Bryophyta
    - Musci (3)
  - Pteridophyta (1)
  - Spermatophyta
    - Angiospermae
      - Dicotyledoneae
        
        Ulmus (1)
    - Gymnospermae
      - Coniferales
        
        Pinaceae (2)
- problematic fossils
  - problematic microfossils (1)
- prokaryotes (1)
- thallophytes (2)
geochronology methods
- (U-Th)/He (1)
- Ar/Ar (7)
- exposure age (2)
- fission-track dating (1)
- K/Ar (7)
- Lu/Hf (1)
- paleomagnetism (8)
- Pb/Pb (5)
- radiation damage (2)
- Rb/Sr (10)
- Re/Os (2)
- sclerochronology (1)
- Sm/Nd (9)
- tephrochronology (1)
- thermochronology (1)
- tree rings (3)
- U/Pb (35)
- U/Th/Pb (5)
geologic age
- Cenozoic
  - Bronze Age (2)
  - Iron Age (2)
  - Quaternary
    - Holocene
      - lower Holocene
        
        Ancylus Lake (1)
        
        Litorina Sea (1)
      - Medieval Warm Period (2)
      - Mesolithic (1)
      - middle Holocene (1)
      - Neoglacial
        
        Little Ice Age (1)
      - Neolithic (2)
      - upper Holocene
        
        Little Ice Age (1)
    - Pleistocene
      - upper Pleistocene
        
        Baltic ice lake (1)
        
        Eemian (1)
        
        Weichselian
        
        upper Weichselian (1)
        
        Wisconsinan (1)
    - upper Quaternary
      - Scandinavian ice sheet (3)
  - Stone Age
    - Mesolithic (1)
    - Neolithic (2)
  - Tertiary
    - Neogene
      - Capistrano Formation (1)
      - Miocene
        
        Sarmatian (1)
        
        upper Miocene (1)
      - Pliocene
        
        upper Pliocene (1)
    - Paleogene
      - Eocene
        
        lower Eocene
        
        Ypresian (1)
        
        middle Eocene
        
        Claiborne Group (1)
        
        upper Eocene (2)
      - Oligocene (2)
  - upper Cenozoic (2)
- Laurentide ice sheet (1)
- Mesozoic
  - Cretaceous
    - Middle Cretaceous (1)
    - Upper Cretaceous (1)
  - Jurassic
    - Upper Jurassic (1)
  - Triassic
    - Lower Triassic
      - Induan (1)
- MIS 3 (1)
- MIS 5 (1)
- Paleozoic
  - Cambrian
    - Lower Cambrian
      - Tommotian (1)
    - Middle Cambrian (2)
    - Upper Cambrian (2)
  - Carboniferous
    - Lower Carboniferous (1)
  - Devonian
    - Lower Devonian (1)
    - Middle Devonian (2)
    - Old Red Sandstone (1)
    - Traverse Group (1)
    - Upper Devonian (2)
  - lower Paleozoic (12)
  - Ordovician
    - Lower Ordovician
      - Arenigian (4)
      - El Paso Group (1)
      - Tremadocian (1)
    - Middle Ordovician
      - Chazy Group (1)
      - Dapingian (1)
      - Darriwilian (4)
      - Decorah Shale (1)
      - Deicke Bentonite Bed (1)
      - Llandeilian (1)
      - Llanvirnian (2)
      - Millbrig Bentonite Bed (1)
      - Platteville Formation (1)
      - Stones River Group (1)
    - Skiddaw Slates (1)
    - Trenton Group (1)
    - Upper Ordovician
      - Ashgillian (4)
      - Caradocian (5)
      - Hirnantian (3)
      - Katian (5)
      - Mohawkian (1)
      - Sandbian (6)
      - Trentonian (1)
    - Viruan (1)
    - Womble Shale (1)
  - Permian
    - Upper Permian (1)
  - Silurian
    - Lower Silurian
      - Grimsby Sandstone (1)
      - Llandovery
        
        Aeronian (4)
        
        Rhuddanian (2)
        
        Telychian (3)
      - Wenlock
        
        Sheinwoodian (3)
    - Middle Silurian (1)
    - Niagaran (1)
    - Upper Silurian
      - Ludlow (3)
      - Pridoli (4)
  - upper Paleozoic (2)
- Phanerozoic (3)
- Precambrian
  - Archean
    - Mesoarchean (3)
    - Neoarchean (8)
  - middle Precambrian (1)
  - Stillwater Complex (1)
  - upper Precambrian
    - Proterozoic
      - Great Oxidation Event (1)
      - Huronian
        
        Onaping Formation (1)
      - Mesoproterozoic
        
        Belt Supergroup (1)
      - Neoproterozoic
        
        Ediacaran (3)
        
        Riphean (1)
      - Paleoproterozoic
        
        Karelian (2)
        
        Orosirian (2)
        
        Statherian (1)
        
        Svecofennian (5)
- Yudomian (1)
igneous rocks
- agglutinates (1)
- extrusive rocks (1)
- igneous rocks
  - carbonatites (26)
  - feldspathoid rocks (28)
  - hypabyssal rocks (1)
  - kimberlite (1)
  - phoscorites (4)
  - picrite (1)
  - plutonic rocks
    - anorthosite (6)
    - diabase (4)
    - diorites
      - plagiogranite (1)
      - quartz diorites (1)
      - tonalite
        
        enderbite (2)
    - gabbros
      - microgabbro (2)
      - norite (7)
      - troctolite (2)
    - granites
      - alkali granites (1)
      - A-type granites (3)
      - charnockite (3)
      - graphic granite (1)
      - leucogranite (1)
      - monzogranite
        
        farsundite (1)
      - rapakivi (14)
    - granodiorites (3)
    - ijolite (8)
    - jotunite (1)
    - lamproite (3)
    - lamprophyres
      - camptonite (1)
    - monzodiorite (1)
    - monzonites
      - mangerite (1)
    - pegmatite (22)
    - syenites
      - albitite (3)
      - alkali syenites (1)
      - nepheline syenite
        
        agpaite (5)
        
        foyaite (4)
        
        lujavrite (1)
    - ultramafics
      - chromitite (6)
      - hornblendite (2)
      - peridotites
        
        dunite (4)
        
        harzburgite (4)
        
        lherzolite (2)
      - pyroxenite
        
        clinopyroxenite (1)
        
        orthopyroxenite (4)
        
        websterite (1)
    - urtite (7)
  - porphyry (2)
  - volcanic rocks
    - andesites (3)
    - basalts
      - mid-ocean ridge basalts (3)
      - tholeiite (3)
      - tholeiitic basalt (2)
    - glasses (2)
    - komatiite (10)
    - melilitite (1)
    - phonolites (1)
    - pyroclastics
      - ignimbrite (1)
    - rhyolites (1)
    - trachyandesites (2)
    - trachytes (2)
- ophiolite (4)
- volcanic ash (6)
- wehrlite (2)
metamorphic rocks
- K-bentonite (11)
- metamorphic rocks
  - amphibolites (7)
  - cataclasites (1)
  - eclogite (7)
  - gneisses
    - biotite gneiss (2)
    - granite gneiss (1)
    - orthogneiss (2)
    - paragneiss (3)
  - granulites
    - leptite (2)
  - marbles (3)
  - metaigneous rocks
    - metadacite (1)
    - metagabbro (3)
    - metakomatiite (1)
    - metaperidotite (1)
    - metapyroxenite (1)
    - serpentinite (8)
  - metasedimentary rocks
    - paragneiss (3)
    - shungite (4)
  - metasomatic rocks
    - fenite (2)
    - greisen (3)
    - serpentinite (8)
    - skarn (8)
  - metavolcanic rocks (10)
  - migmatites (5)
  - mylonites
    - blastomylonite (1)
    - ultramylonite (1)
  - phyllonites (1)
  - quartzites (3)
  - schists
    - blueschist (1)
    - greenschist (2)
    - greenstone (2)
  - slates (1)
- ophiolite (4)
- turbidite (1)
meteorites
- meteorites
  - stony meteorites
    - achondrites (1)
    - chondrites
      - enstatite chondrites (1)
      - ordinary chondrites
        
        L chondrites (1)
minerals
- alloys
  - electrum (1)
- antimonides (2)
- arsenates
  - pharmacosiderite (1)
- arsenides
  - arsenopyrite (4)
  - cobaltite (1)
  - gersdorffite (2)
  - lollingite (3)
  - maucherite (1)
  - nickeline (1)
  - sperrylite (6)
- bismuthides
  - froodite (1)
  - michenerite (2)
- carbonates
  - ankerite (1)
  - aragonite (1)
  - calcite (5)
  - cancrinite (3)
  - dolomite (3)
  - hydrotalcite (1)
  - rhodochrosite (1)
  - siderite (2)
- chromates (1)
- halides
  - chlorides
    - eudialyte (5)
    - halite (1)
  - fluorides
    - clinohumite (1)
    - fluorite (2)
    - topaz (2)
    - villiaumite (2)
- hydrates (2)
- K-bentonite (11)
- manganese minerals (1)
- minerals (30)
- native elements
  - diamond (2)
  - fullerene (1)
  - graphite (2)
- organic minerals
  - amber (6)
- oxalates
  - weddellite (1)
- oxides
  - baddeleyite (3)
  - cassiterite (2)
  - chrome spinel (2)
  - chromite (5)
  - corundum (1)
  - ferrihydrite (1)
  - gahnite (1)
  - geikielite (1)
  - goethite (4)
  - hematite (1)
  - hoegbomite (1)
  - hollandite (1)
  - hydroxides
    - oxyhydroxides (2)
  - ilmenite (4)
  - iron oxides (9)
  - magnetite (11)
  - niobates
    - betafite (2)
    - ixiolite (1)
    - loparite (4)
    - nenadkevichite (2)
    - pyrochlore (5)
  - perovskite (7)
  - pyrophanite (1)
  - rutile (3)
  - spinel (6)
  - tantalates
    - betafite (2)
    - ixiolite (1)
    - wodginite (1)
  - titanomagnetite (2)
  - zirconolite (2)
- phosphates
  - apatite (21)
  - fluorapatite (2)
  - graftonite (1)
  - hydroxylapatite (1)
  - monazite (3)
  - montebrasite (1)
  - rhabdophane (3)
- platinum minerals (17)
- selenates (2)
- selenides
  - umangite (1)
- silicates
  - aluminosilicates (1)
  - borosilicates (2)
  - chain silicates
    - aenigmatite group
      - sapphirine (1)
    - amphibole group
      - alkalic amphibole (1)
      - clinoamphibole
        
        actinolite (2)
        
        arfvedsonite (5)
        
        cummingtonite (2)
        
        hastingsite (1)
        
        hornblende (5)
        
        kaersutite (1)
        
        pargasite (1)
      - orthoamphibole
        
        anthophyllite (2)
    - astrophyllite (7)
    - chkalovite (2)
    - pyroxene group
      - clinopyroxene
        
        aegirine (12)
        
        augite (1)
        
        diopside (1)
        
        omphacite (1)
      - orthopyroxene
        
        enstatite (2)
    - rhodonite group (1)
    - wollastonite group
      - pectolite (3)
  - framework silicates
    - cancrinite (3)
    - feldspar group
      - alkali feldspar
        
        K-feldspar (1)
        
        microcline (7)
        
        sanidine (2)
      - plagioclase
        
        albite (1)
    - nepheline group
      - kalsilite (2)
      - nepheline (6)
    - scapolite group
      - scapolite (1)
    - silica minerals
      - quartz (10)
    - sodalite group
      - sodalite (5)
      - tugtupite (1)
    - zeolite group
      - analcime (1)
      - chabazite (1)
      - edingtonite (1)
      - gmelinite (1)
      - harmotome (1)
      - natrolite (7)
      - phillipsite (1)
  - magnesian silicates (1)
  - neptunite (1)
  - orthosilicates
    - nesosilicates
      - britholite group (1)
      - clinohumite (1)
      - garnet group (10)
      - kyanite (1)
      - olivine group
        
        olivine (4)
      - staurolite (2)
      - titanite group
        
        titanite (5)
      - topaz (2)
      - zircon group
        
        zircon (26)
    - sorosilicates
      - epidote group
        
        allanite (1)
        
        clinozoisite (1)
        
        epidote (1)
      - melilite group (1)
  - ring silicates
    - beryl (3)
    - cordierite (2)
    - eudialyte (5)
    - nenadkevichite (2)
    - tourmaline group
      - buergerite (1)
      - dravite (1)
  - sheet silicates
    - apophyllite (2)
    - chlorite group
      - chamosite (1)
      - chlorite (8)
      - clinochlore (3)
    - clay minerals
      - beidellite (1)
      - kaolinite (3)
      - smectite (13)
      - vermiculite (3)
    - corrensite (1)
    - illite (16)
    - mica group
      - biotite (12)
      - fluor-phlogopite (1)
      - glauconite (1)
      - muscovite (5)
      - phengite (1)
      - phlogopite (5)
    - serpentine group
      - antigorite (2)
      - lizardite (1)
- sulfates
  - alum (2)
  - anhydrite (1)
  - barite (2)
  - gypsum (1)
  - schwertmannite (1)
- sulfides
  - arsenopyrite (4)
  - bornite (1)
  - chalcocite (2)
  - chalcopyrite (4)
  - cobaltite (1)
  - copper sulfides (3)
  - cubanite (2)
  - digenite (1)
  - galena (2)
  - gersdorffite (2)
  - iron sulfides (1)
  - joseite (1)
  - laurite (4)
  - mackinawite (3)
  - marcasite (2)
  - millerite (1)
  - molybdenite (2)
  - nickel sulfides (2)
  - pentlandite (4)
  - pyrite (8)
  - pyrrhotite (5)
  - sphalerite (1)
  - sternbergite (1)
  - stibnite (2)
  - tungstenite (1)
  - valleriite (1)
- sulfosalts
  - sulfobismuthites
    - matildite (1)
- tellurides
  - altaite (1)
  - hessite (1)
  - joseite (1)
  - tellurobismuthite (1)
- tungstates
  - scheelite (1)
- uranium minerals (1)
- wehrlite (2)
Primary terms
- absolute age (62)
- Africa
  - Central Africa
    - Congo (1)
    - Congo Democratic Republic (1)
    - Gabon
      - Oklo (1)
  - East Africa
    - Tanzania
      - Oldoinyo Lengai (2)
  - Southern Africa
    - Namibia (2)
    - South Africa
      - Bushveld Complex (1)
      - Free State South Africa
        
        Vredefort Dome (1)
    - Zimbabwe (2)
  - West Africa
    - Nigeria
      - Jos Plateau (1)
- Antarctica
  - Antarctic ice sheet (1)
  - Antarctic Peninsula (1)
  - East Antarctica (1)
  - Queen Maud Land
    - East Ongul Island (1)
- Arctic Ocean
  - Barents Sea
    - White Sea (4)
  - Norwegian Sea
    - Voring Plateau (2)
- Arctic region
  - Greenland
    - Ilimaussaq (4)
    - Jameson Land (1)
    - Skaergaard Intrusion (1)
    - South Greenland (2)
  - Russian Arctic
    - Novaya Zemlya (1)
  - Svalbard
    - Spitsbergen (1)
- Asia
  - Arabian Peninsula
    - Saudi Arabia (1)
  - Baikal region (2)
  - Central Asia
    - Aral Sea (1)
    - Kazakhstan (3)
  - Far East
    - Burma (1)
    - China
      - Hubei China (1)
      - Hunan China (1)
      - Sichuan China (1)
      - Xizang China (1)
      - Yangtze Platform (1)
    - Indonesia
      - Sumatra (1)
    - Japan
      - Honshu
        
        Akita Japan
        
        Hokuroku Japan (1)
      - Shikoku (1)
    - Korea (1)
  - Himalayas (2)
  - Indian Peninsula
    - India
      - Chhattisgarh India (1)
  - Irkutsk Russian Federation
    - Slyudyanka Russian Federation (1)
  - Kamchatka Russian Federation
    - Kamchatka Peninsula
      - Tolbachik (1)
  - Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
    - Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation
      - Norilsk region (1)
  - Kyrgyzstan
    - Issyk-kul Lake (1)
  - Lake Baikal (1)
  - Middle East
    - Iran (1)
    - Turkey
      - Pontic Mountains (1)
  - Primorye Russian Federation (1)
  - Russian Far East (1)
  - Russian Pacific region (1)
  - Siberia (3)
  - Siberian fold belt (1)
  - Siberian Platform
    - Aldan Shield (1)
    - Anabar Shield (1)
  - Tien Shan (1)
  - Yakutia Russian Federation
    - Anabar Shield (1)
- Atlantic Ocean
  - North Atlantic
    - Baltic Sea
      - Gulf of Bothnia (4)
      - Gulf of Finland (5)
      - Gulf of Riga (1)
    - Irish Sea (1)
    - North Sea
      - Kattegat (3)
      - Skagerrak (1)
      - Snorre Field (1)
    - Northeast Atlantic (2)
  - South Atlantic (1)
- Atlantic region (6)
- Australasia
  - Australia
    - New South Wales Australia (1)
    - South Australia
      - Olympic Dam Deposit (1)
    - Western Australia (3)
- bacteria (2)
- bibliography (1)
- biogeography (16)
- Canada
  - Arctic Archipelago (2)
  - Eastern Canada
    - Baffin Island (2)
    - Maritime Provinces
      - New Brunswick (1)
      - Nova Scotia (1)
    - Newfoundland and Labrador
      - Labrador
        
        Voisey's Bay Deposit (1)
      - Newfoundland (1)
    - Ontario
      - Hamilton Ontario (1)
      - Hastings County Ontario
        
        Bancroft Ontario (1)
      - Sudbury Basin (1)
      - Sudbury igneous complex (1)
      - Thunder Bay District Ontario
        
        Manitouwadge Ontario (1)
    - Quebec
      - Anticosti Island (2)
      - Rouville County Quebec
        
        Mont-Saint-Hilaire Quebec (3)
  - Nunavut
    - Baffin Island (2)
  - Western Canada
    - Alberta (2)
    - Manitoba (2)
    - Northwest Territories (3)
- carbon
  - C-13 (1)
  - C-13/C-12 (19)
  - C-14 (4)
  - organic carbon (2)
- Caribbean region
  - West Indies
    - Antilles
      - Greater Antilles
        
        Hispaniola
        
        Dominican Republic (2)
- Caspian Sea (1)
- Cenozoic
  - Bronze Age (2)
  - Iron Age (2)
  - Quaternary
    - Holocene
      - lower Holocene
        
        Ancylus Lake (1)
        
        Litorina Sea (1)
      - Medieval Warm Period (2)
      - Mesolithic (1)
      - middle Holocene (1)
      - Neoglacial
        
        Little Ice Age (1)
      - Neolithic (2)
      - upper Holocene
        
        Little Ice Age (1)
    - Pleistocene
      - upper Pleistocene
        
        Baltic ice lake (1)
        
        Eemian (1)
        
        Weichselian
        
        upper Weichselian (1)
        
        Wisconsinan (1)
    - upper Quaternary
      - Scandinavian ice sheet (3)
  - Stone Age
    - Mesolithic (1)
    - Neolithic (2)
  - Tertiary
    - Neogene
      - Capistrano Formation (1)
      - Miocene
        
        Sarmatian (1)
        
        upper Miocene (1)
      - Pliocene
        
        upper Pliocene (1)
    - Paleogene
      - Eocene
        
        lower Eocene
        
        Ypresian (1)
        
        middle Eocene
        
        Claiborne Group (1)
        
        upper Eocene (2)
      - Oligocene (2)
  - upper Cenozoic (2)
- Central America
  - Nicaragua (1)
- ceramic materials (1)
- chemical analysis (1)
- Chordata
  - Vertebrata
    - Agnatha
      - Ostracodermi (1)
    - Pisces
      - Osteichthyes
        
        Sarcopterygii
        
        Crossopterygii (1)
      - Placodermi
        
        Arthrodira (2)
- clay mineralogy (14)
- climate change (9)
- construction materials
  - building stone (1)
- continental drift (3)
- continental shelf (4)
- core (1)
- crust (34)
- crystal chemistry (91)
- crystal growth (11)
- crystal structure (117)
- crystallography (3)
- data processing (38)
- Deep Sea Drilling Project
  - Leg 38
    - DSDP Site 338 (1)
- deformation (26)
- diagenesis (19)