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Format
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Journal
Publisher
Section
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Africa
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Afar (1)
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Cape Verde Islands (1)
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Central Africa
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Angola
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Cabinda Angola (1)
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Cuanza Basin (1)
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Central African Republic (3)
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Congo (5)
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Congo Democratic Republic
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Shaba Congo Democratic Republic (1)
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Equatorial Guinea (2)
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Gabon
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Oklo (1)
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-
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Congo Basin (1)
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Congo Craton (7)
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East Africa
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Afar Depression (2)
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Ethiopia (6)
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Ethiopian Rift (2)
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Kenya
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East Turkana Basin (1)
-
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Malawi (3)
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Mozambique
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Maputo Mozambique (1)
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Somali Republic (1)
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Sudan (1)
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Tanzania (7)
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Uganda (4)
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Zambia (8)
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East African Rift (13)
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Kalahari Desert (51)
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Lebombo Mountains (4)
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Limpopo Basin (13)
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Limpopo Belt (74)
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Madagascar
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Mahajanga Basin (1)
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Mozambique Belt (1)
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Namib Desert (7)
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North Africa
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Algeria (1)
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Egypt
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Nile Delta (1)
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Libya (1)
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Morocco
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Rif
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Beni Bouchera (1)
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Sahara (2)
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Southern Africa
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Barberton greenstone belt (92)
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Botswana
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Okavango Delta (2)
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Gariep Belt (13)
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Kaapvaal Craton (260)
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Kalahari Craton (18)
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Karoo Basin (222)
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Lesotho (48)
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Namaqualand (73)
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Namaqualand metamorphic complex (45)
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Namibia
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Damara Belt (6)
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Kaoko Belt (1)
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Luderitz Namibia (2)
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Otavi Namibia (1)
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Tsumeb Namibia (1)
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Windhoek Namibia (5)
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Orange River (27)
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South Africa
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Bushveld Complex (275)
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Cape fold belt (39)
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Cape Province region (155)
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Eastern Cape Province South Africa
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Cape Town South Africa (16)
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Molteno South Africa (1)
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Port Elizabeth South Africa (5)
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Free State South Africa
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Vredefort Dome (64)
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Gauteng South Africa
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Johannesburg South Africa (17)
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Pretoria South Africa (8)
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Swartkrans Cave (2)
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Klerksdorp Field (11)
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KwaZulu-Natal South Africa
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Durban South Africa (15)
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Tugela Basin (3)
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Zululand (6)
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Limpopo South Africa (30)
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Merensky Reef (63)
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Mpumalanga South Africa
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Barberton Mountain Land (14)
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Barberton South Africa (16)
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Murchison greenstone belt (12)
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Northern Cape Province South Africa
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Kimberley South Africa (28)
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Postmasburg South Africa (12)
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North-West Province South Africa
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Ventersdorp South Africa (7)
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Sutherland South Africa (7)
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Transvaal region (343)
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Vaal River (8)
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Western Cape Province South Africa
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Knysna South Africa (1)
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Langebaanweg South Africa (5)
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Witwatersrand (139)
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Swaziland (39)
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Zimbabwe
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Belingwe greenstone belt (2)
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Great Dyke (5)
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Kariba Zimbabwe (1)
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West Africa
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Benin (3)
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Burkina Faso (1)
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Cameroon (2)
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Chad (1)
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Gambia (1)
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Ghana (6)
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Guinea (1)
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Ivory Coast (5)
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Liberia (2)
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Mali (2)
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Mauritania (2)
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Niger (3)
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Antarctica
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Enderby Land (1)
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Queen Maud Land (4)
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Transantarctic Mountains
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Pensacola Mountains
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Victoria Land (3)
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Arctic Ocean
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Norwegian Sea (1)
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Arctic region
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Greenland
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Ilimaussaq (1)
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Svalbard (2)
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Asia
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Altai Mountains
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Gorny Altai (1)
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Altai Russian Federation
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Arabian Peninsula
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Central Asia
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Kazakhstan
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Far East
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China
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Indonesia
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Japan
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Pakistan (4)
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Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
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Yakutia Russian Federation
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Mir Pipe (1)
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Udachnaya Russian Federation (1)
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Atlantic Ocean
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Mid-Atlantic Ridge (1)
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North Atlantic
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Gulf of Mexico (2)
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Irish Sea (1)
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North Sea
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Viking Graben (1)
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South Atlantic
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Cape Basin (10)
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Santos Basin (3)
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Southeast Atlantic (5)
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Walvis Ridge (3)
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Atlantic Ocean Islands
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Cape Verde Islands (1)
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Falkland Islands (4)
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Tristan da Cunha (1)
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Atlantic region (3)
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Australasia
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Australia
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Adelaide Geosyncline (1)
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Amadeus Basin (1)
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Broken Hill Block (1)
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Northern Territory Australia
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Tennant Creek Australia (1)
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Queensland Australia
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Cape York Peninsula (1)
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Mount Isa Australia (1)
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Mount Isa Inlier (1)
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South Australia
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Flinders Ranges (1)
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Gawler Craton (1)
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Olympic Dam Deposit (1)
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Tasmania Australia
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Tasmania Basin (1)
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Western Australia
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Argyle Mine (1)
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Collie Basin (1)
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Hamersley Basin (5)
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Pilbara (4)
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Pilbara Craton (14)
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Yilgarn Craton (7)
-
-
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New Zealand
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Otago New Zealand
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Kakanui (1)
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-
-
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Bowen Basin (1)
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Broken Hill Mine (6)
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Buffalo River (1)
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Campos Basin (2)
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Canada
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Eastern Canada
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Maritime Provinces
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New Brunswick
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Gloucester County New Brunswick
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Bathurst mining district (1)
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-
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Nova Scotia (1)
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Newfoundland and Labrador
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Labrador
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Nain Massif (1)
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Voisey's Bay Deposit (3)
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Newfoundland
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Avalon Peninsula (1)
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-
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Ontario
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Algoma District Ontario
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Blind River Ontario (1)
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Elliot Lake Ontario (1)
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Wawa Ontario (1)
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Cochrane District Ontario
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Timmins Ontario (1)
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Sudbury igneous complex (2)
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Sudbury Structure (1)
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Timiskaming District Ontario
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Cobalt Ontario (1)
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Quebec
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Monteregian Hills (1)
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Oka Complex (1)
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Muskox Intrusion (2)
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Nunavut (1)
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Western Canada
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Athabasca Basin (2)
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British Columbia (2)
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Canadian Cordillera (1)
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Manitoba (2)
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Northwest Territories
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Saskatchewan
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Key Lake Deposits (1)
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Rabbit Lake Deposit (1)
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Yukon Territory (1)
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Caribbean region
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West Indies
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Antilles
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Lesser Antilles
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Virgin Islands
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U. S. Virgin Islands
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Saint Croix (1)
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-
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Central America
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Guatemala (1)
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Commonwealth of Independent States
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Kazakhstan
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Karatau Range (1)
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Russian Federation
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Altai Russian Federation
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Gorny Altai (1)
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Arkhangelsk Russian Federation (2)
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Central Urals (1)
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Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
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Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation
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Norilsk region (2)
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Norilsk Russian Federation (1)
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-
-
Murmansk Russian Federation
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Khibiny Mountains (2)
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Kola Peninsula (2)
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Lovozero Massif (2)
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Saratov Russian Federation (1)
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Siberian Platform
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Anabar Shield (1)
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Yakutia Russian Federation
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Anabar Shield (1)
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Mir Pipe (1)
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Udachnaya Pipe (1)
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Udachnaya Russian Federation (1)
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Ukraine
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Dnepropetrovsk Ukraine
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Krivoy Rog Ukraine (1)
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Urals
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Central Urals (1)
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Southern Urals (2)
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Copperbelt (3)
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Death Valley (2)
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East Pacific Ocean Islands
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Hawaii (2)
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Eurasia (1)
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Europe
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Alps
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Eastern Alps
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Dolomites (1)
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Swiss Alps
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Western Alps
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Dauphine Alps
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Vercors (1)
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Arkhangelsk Russian Federation (2)
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Baltic region
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Estonia (1)
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Central Europe
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Austria (3)
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Germany
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Saxony Germany
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Hungary (1)
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Poland
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Slovakia (1)
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Switzerland
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Fennoscandian Shield (1)
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Murmansk Russian Federation
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Kola Peninsula (2)
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Saratov Russian Federation (1)
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Sweden
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United Kingdom
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Highland region Scotland
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Wales (2)
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False Bay (6)
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Indian Ocean
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Agulhas Bank (8)
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Indian Ocean Islands
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Pacific Ocean
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platinum ores (123)
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polymetallic ores (13)
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pyrite ores (3)
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rare earth deposits (6)
-
silver ores (19)
-
tantalum ores (1)
-
thorium ores (2)
-
tin ores (19)
-
titanium ores (8)
-
tungsten ores (10)
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uranium ores (48)
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vanadium ores (1)
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zinc ores (37)
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zirconium ores (1)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (279)
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mineral exploration (121)
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mineral resources (18)
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monazite deposits (2)
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nonmetal deposits (1)
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oil and gas fields (7)
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petroleum
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natural gas
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shale gas (13)
-
-
-
phosphate deposits (3)
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placers
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beach placers (1)
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stream placers (1)
-
-
sand deposits (1)
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strategic minerals (1)
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water resources (17)
-
zeolite deposits (1)
-
zircon deposits (2)
-
-
elements, isotopes
-
boron
-
B-11/B-10 (1)
-
-
carbon
-
C-13 (4)
-
C-13/C-12 (64)
-
C-14 (8)
-
organic carbon (9)
-
-
chemical ratios (22)
-
halogens
-
bromine (1)
-
chlorine
-
chloride ion (3)
-
Cl-36 (1)
-
-
fluorine
-
fluoride ion (1)
-
-
iodine (1)
-
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (20)
-
deuterium (7)
-
tritium (1)
-
-
incompatible elements (1)
-
isotope ratios (166)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Al-26 (3)
-
Ar-39 (1)
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
-
Be-10 (8)
-
C-14 (8)
-
Cl-36 (1)
-
K-40 (1)
-
Os-187/Os-186 (3)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (7)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (5)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (4)
-
Ra-226 (1)
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (4)
-
Re-187/Os-188 (1)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (2)
-
tritium (1)
-
U-238 (1)
-
U-238/Pb-206 (2)
-
U-238/U-234 (2)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
-
B-11/B-10 (1)
-
C-13 (4)
-
C-13/C-12 (64)
-
Ca-44/Ca-40 (1)
-
Cr-53/Cr-52 (1)
-
D/H (20)
-
deuterium (7)
-
Fe-56/Fe-54 (2)
-
Fe-57/Fe-54 (1)
-
He-3 (4)
-
He-4/He-3 (1)
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (8)
-
Li-7/Li-6 (1)
-
Mg-26/Mg-24 (1)
-
N-15 (1)
-
N-15/N-14 (4)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (10)
-
Ne-21 (4)
-
O-16 (1)
-
O-17 (1)
-
O-18 (2)
-
O-18/O-16 (71)
-
Os-187/Os-186 (3)
-
Os-188/Os-187 (9)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (7)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (5)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (4)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (4)
-
Pb-208/Pb-206 (1)
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (4)
-
Re-187/Os-188 (1)
-
S-32 (1)
-
S-33 (2)
-
S-33/S-32 (5)
-
S-34 (1)
-
S-34/S-32 (30)
-
S-36 (1)
-
Si-30/Si-28 (1)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (2)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (44)
-
U-238/Pb-206 (2)
-
W-182 (2)
-
-
-
large-ion lithophile elements (1)
-
Lu/Hf (15)
-
metals
-
actinides
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thorium (3)
-
uranium
-
U-238 (1)
-
U-238/Pb-206 (2)
-
U-238/U-234 (2)
-
-
-
alkali metals
-
cesium (2)
-
lithium
-
Li-7/Li-6 (1)
-
-
potassium
-
K-40 (1)
-
-
rubidium
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (4)
-
-
sodium (7)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
barium (2)
-
beryllium
-
Be-10 (8)
-
-
calcium
-
Ca-44/Ca-40 (1)
-
Mg/Ca (1)
-
Sr/Ca (2)
-
-
magnesium
-
Mg/Ca (1)
-
Mg-26/Mg-24 (1)
-
-
radium
-
Ra-226 (1)
-
-
strontium
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (4)
-
Sr/Ca (2)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (44)
-
-
-
aluminum
-
Al-26 (3)
-
-
antimony (6)
-
arsenic (6)
-
bismuth (1)
-
cadmium (1)
-
chromium
-
Cr-53/Cr-52 (1)
-
-
cobalt (5)
-
copper (11)
-
germanium (2)
-
gold (26)
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (8)
-
-
iron
-
Fe-56/Fe-54 (2)
-
Fe-57/Fe-54 (1)
-
ferric iron (8)
-
ferrous iron (5)
-
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (7)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (5)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (4)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (4)
-
Pb-208/Pb-206 (1)
-
U-238/Pb-206 (2)
-
-
manganese (22)
-
mercury (2)
-
molybdenum (1)
-
nickel (13)
-
niobium (4)
-
platinum group
-
iridium (11)
-
iridium ores (1)
-
osmium
-
Os-187/Os-186 (3)
-
Os-188/Os-187 (9)
-
Re-187/Os-188 (1)
-
-
palladium (19)
-
palladium ores (3)
-
platinum (22)
-
platinum ores (123)
-
rhodium (7)
-
ruthenium (5)
-
-
precious metals (15)
-
rare earths
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cerium (7)
-
europium (4)
-
holmium (1)
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lanthanum (2)
-
lutetium (1)
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (10)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (2)
-
-
samarium
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (2)
-
-
scandium (1)
-
terbium (1)
-
ytterbium (1)
-
yttrium (1)
-
-
rhenium
-
Re-187/Os-188 (1)
-
-
silver (4)
-
tantalum (2)
-
tin (6)
-
titanium (18)
-
tungsten
-
W-182 (2)
-
-
vanadium (4)
-
zinc (7)
-
zirconium (2)
-
-
nitrogen
-
N-15 (1)
-
N-15/N-14 (4)
-
organic nitrogen (1)
-
-
noble gases
-
argon
-
Ar-39 (1)
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
-
-
helium
-
He-3 (4)
-
He-4/He-3 (1)
-
-
neon
-
Ne-21 (4)
-
-
radon (1)
-
-
nonmetals (1)
-
oxygen
-
O-16 (1)
-
O-17 (1)
-
O-18 (2)
-
O-18/O-16 (71)
-
-
phosphorus (5)
-
selenium (3)
-
silicon
-
Si-30/Si-28 (1)
-
-
sulfur
-
S-32 (1)
-
S-33 (2)
-
S-33/S-32 (5)
-
S-34 (1)
-
S-34/S-32 (30)
-
S-36 (1)
-
-
tellurium (1)
-
trace metals (5)
-
-
fossils
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Archaea (1)
-
bacteria (8)
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burrows (13)
-
Chordata
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Vertebrata
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Pisces
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Chondrichthyes
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Elasmobranchii (2)
-
-
-
Tetrapoda
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Amniota (1)
-
Amphibia
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Labyrinthodontia
-
Temnospondyli (4)
-
-
-
Aves
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Neornithes (1)
-
-
Mammalia
-
Theria
-
Eutheria
-
Artiodactyla
-
Hippopotamidae
-
Hippopotamus (1)
-
-
Ruminantia
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Bovidae (1)
-
-
Suiformes
-
Suidae (1)
-
-
-
Carnivora
-
Fissipeda
-
Canidae (1)
-
Felidae (1)
-
-
-
Cetacea (1)
-
Insectivora (2)
-
Perissodactyla
-
Ceratomorpha
-
Rhinocerotidae
-
Rhinoceros (1)
-
-
-
Hippomorpha
-
Equidae
-
Hipparion (1)
-
-
-
-
Primates
-
Hominidae
-
Australopithecinae
-
Australopithecus
-
Australopithecus africanus (2)
-
-
-
-
simians
-
Cercopithecidae (2)
-
-
-
Proboscidea
-
Mastodontoidea (1)
-
-
Rodentia (1)
-
Ungulata (1)
-
-
-
-
Reptilia
-
Anapsida
-
Cotylosauria (1)
-
Testudines
-
Chelonia (1)
-
-
-
Diapsida
-
Archosauria
-
Crocodilia (5)
-
dinosaurs
-
Ornithischia (3)
-
Saurischia
-
Sauropodomorpha
-
Sauropoda (1)
-
-
Theropoda (3)
-
-
-
Pterosauria (1)
-
Thecodontia
-
Aetosauria (2)
-
-
-
Eosuchia (1)
-
Lepidosauria
-
Rhynchocephalia (1)
-
Squamata (2)
-
-
Rhynchosauria (1)
-
-
Synapsida
-
Pelycosauria (1)
-
Therapsida
-
Cynodontia (8)
-
Dicynodontia
-
Lystrosaurus (13)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Cloudina (7)
-
cyanobacteria (5)
-
eukaryotes (1)
-
fossil man (1)
-
fungi (2)
-
Graptolithina (1)
-
Hemichordata (1)
-
ichnofossils
-
Planolites (1)
-
Skolithos (2)
-
-
Invertebrata
-
Arthropoda
-
Chelicerata
-
Merostomata
-
Eurypterida (1)
-
-
-
Mandibulata
-
Crustacea
-
Branchiopoda (1)
-
Cirripedia (1)
-
Malacostraca (1)
-
Ostracoda (2)
-
-
Insecta
-
Pterygota
-
Neoptera
-
Endopterygota
-
Hymenoptera (2)
-
-
Exopterygota
-
Isoptera (4)
-
Perlaria (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Trilobitomorpha
-
Trilobita
-
Phacopida (1)
-
-
-
-
Brachiopoda
-
Articulata
-
Rhynchonellida (1)
-
-
Inarticulata (3)
-
-
Bryozoa
-
Trepostomata (1)
-
-
Cnidaria
-
Anthozoa
-
Octocorallia (1)
-
-
Scyphozoa
-
Conulariida (1)
-
-
-
Echinodermata
-
Asterozoa
-
Stelleroidea
-
Asteroidea (1)
-
Ophiuroidea (2)
-
-
-
Crinozoa
-
Crinoidea (1)
-
-
Homalozoa
-
Stylophora (1)
-
-
-
Mollusca
-
Bivalvia (5)
-
Cephalopoda
-
Ammonoidea
-
Ammonites (2)
-
-
Nautiloidea (1)
-
-
Gastropoda (4)
-
Tentaculitida (1)
-
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera
-
Rotaliina
-
Globigerinacea
-
Globigerinidae
-
Globigerinoides
-
Globigerinoides ruber (1)
-
Globigerinoides sacculifer (1)
-
-
-
Globorotaliidae
-
Globorotalia
-
Globorotalia inflata (1)
-
-
-
-
Orbitoidacea
-
Discocyclina (1)
-
-
Rotaliacea
-
Miogypsinidae (1)
-
-
-
Textulariina (1)
-
-
Radiolaria (1)
-
-
Vermes
-
Annelida
-
Chaetopoda (1)
-
-
scolecodonts (1)
-
-
-
lichens (1)
-
Metazoa (10)
-
microfossils
-
Chitinozoa (2)
-
Conodonta (3)
-
problematic microfossils (3)
-
scolecodonts (1)
-
-
palynomorphs
-
acritarchs (4)
-
Chitinozoa (2)
-
Dinoflagellata (1)
-
megaspores (1)
-
miospores
-
pollen (10)
-
-
-
Plantae
-
algae
-
calcareous algae (1)
-
Chlorophyta (2)
-
diatoms (2)
-
nannofossils (5)
-
Rhodophyta
-
Corallinaceae (1)
-
-
-
Bryophyta (2)
-
Pteridophyta
-
Filicopsida (1)
-
Lycopsida (1)
-
Sphenopsida
-
Sphenophyllum (1)
-
-
-
Spermatophyta
-
Angiospermae
-
Monocotyledoneae
-
Gramineae (2)
-
-
-
Gymnospermae
-
Coniferae (1)
-
Coniferales (4)
-
Cycadales (2)
-
Dadoxylon (1)
-
Ginkgoales
-
Ginkgo (1)
-
-
Glossopteridales
-
Gangamopteris (1)
-
Glossopteris
-
Glossopteris flora (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
problematic fossils
-
problematic microfossils (3)
-
-
prokaryotes (1)
-
thallophytes (13)
-
tracks (8)
-
trails (3)
-
-
geochronology methods
-
(U-Th)/He (9)
-
Ar/Ar (44)
-
exposure age (1)
-
fission-track dating (4)
-
infrared stimulated luminescence (1)
-
K/Ar (13)
-
Lu/Hf (15)
-
Nd/Nd (1)
-
optically stimulated luminescence (3)
-
paleomagnetism (46)
-
Pb/Pb (45)
-
Pb/Th (1)
-
radiation damage (3)
-
Rb/Sr (42)
-
Re/Os (14)
-
Sm/Nd (25)
-
Sr/Sr (4)
-
tephrochronology (1)
-
Th/U (6)
-
thermochronology (6)
-
thermoluminescence (1)
-
tree rings (1)
-
U/Pb (201)
-
U/Th/Pb (10)
-
uranium disequilibrium (1)
-
-
geologic age
-
Anthropocene (2)
-
Cenozoic
-
Blancan (1)
-
lower Cenozoic (1)
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
lower Holocene (1)
-
middle Holocene (1)
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Neoglacial (1)
-
upper Holocene (3)
-
-
Pleistocene
-
lower Pleistocene (3)
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middle Pleistocene (2)
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Weichselian
-
upper Weichselian
-
Younger Dryas (1)
-
-
-
Wurm (1)
-
-
-
upper Quaternary (18)
-
-
Stone Age
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Paleolithic
-
Acheulian (1)
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
lower Tertiary (4)
-
middle Tertiary (2)
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
Columbia River Basalt Group (2)
-
lower Miocene
-
Aquitanian (2)
-
-
middle Miocene (2)
-
upper Miocene (2)
-
-
Pliocene
-
lower Pliocene (4)
-
middle Pliocene (1)
-
upper Pliocene (3)
-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
lower Eocene (1)
-
-
Oligocene
-
upper Oligocene
-
Chattian (1)
-
-
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
-
-
-
-
upper Cenozoic
-
Villafranchian (1)
-
-
-
Coal Measures (1)
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian (4)
-
Aptian (2)
-
Valanginian (2)
-
-
Middle Cretaceous (1)
-
Mishash Formation (1)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Cenomanian (1)
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
Maestrichtian (1)
-
Santonian (1)
-
Senonian (1)
-
-
-
Jurassic
-
Clarens Formation (19)
-
Ferrar Group (7)
-
Lower Jurassic
-
Hettangian (3)
-
lower Liassic (2)
-
middle Liassic (2)
-
Pliensbachian (5)
-
Sinemurian (1)
-
Toarcian
-
lower Toarcian (1)
-
-
upper Liassic (4)
-
-
Middle Jurassic (5)
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Volgian (1)
-
-
-
Serra Geral Formation (1)
-
Triassic
-
Fremouw Formation (1)
-
Lower Triassic
-
Olenekian (2)
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (21)
-
-
Middle Triassic
-
Anisian (2)
-
Ladinian (1)
-
-
Mole Granite (1)
-
Narrabeen Group (1)
-
Upper Triassic
-
Carnian
-
Ischigualasto Formation (1)
-
-
Keuper (1)
-
Molteno Formation (13)
-
Norian (1)
-
Rhaetian (1)
-
Stormberg Series (10)
-
-
-
upper Mesozoic (1)
-
-
MIS 2 (2)
-
MIS 3 (2)
-
MIS 5 (3)
-
MIS 6 (5)
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian
-
Lower Cambrian
-
Atdabanian (1)
-
Terreneuvian
-
Fortunian (2)
-
-
Tommotian (1)
-
-
Middle Cambrian
-
Burgess Shale (1)
-
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Albert Formation (1)
-
Lower Carboniferous
-
Dinantian (1)
-
-
Middle Carboniferous (1)
-
Mississippian
-
Lower Mississippian
-
Tournaisian (1)
-
-
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Upper Pennsylvanian (1)
-
-
Upper Carboniferous
-
Westphalian (2)
-
-
-
Devonian
-
Lower Devonian
-
Emsian (3)
-
Siegenian (1)
-
-
Middle Devonian
-
Eifelian (4)
-
Givetian (2)
-
-
Upper Devonian
-
Famennian (1)
-
Frasnian (1)
-
-
-
Itarare Subgroup (1)
-
lower Paleozoic (11)
-
Ordovician
-
Lower Ordovician (2)
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Ashgillian (6)
-
Caradocian (1)
-
Hirnantian (7)
-
-
-
Permian
-
Ecca Group (53)
-
Guadalupian
-
Capitanian (4)
-
Roadian (1)
-
Wordian (1)
-
-
Lower Permian
-
Cisuralian
-
Artinskian (1)
-
Kungurian (3)
-
-
Wolfcampian
-
Hueco Limestone (1)
-
-
-
Middle Permian (10)
-
Upper Permian
-
Lopingian
-
Changhsingian (1)
-
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (21)
-
-
Vryheid Formation (13)
-
Whitehill Formation (11)
-
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian
-
Llandovery
-
Rhuddanian (1)
-
-
-
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Dwyka Formation (50)
-
-
-
Phanerozoic (17)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Eoarchean (1)
-
Fig Tree Group (17)
-
J-M Reef (2)
-
Kromberg Formation (3)
-
Mesoarchean (33)
-
Napier Complex (1)
-
Neoarchean (74)
-
Paleoarchean
-
Hooggenoeg Formation (7)
-
-
Swaziland Supergroup (5)
-
Warrawoona Group (2)
-
-
Brockman Iron Formation (3)
-
Central Rand Group (33)
-
Fortescue Group (2)
-
Gunflint Iron Formation (1)
-
Hadean (7)
-
Hamersley Group (7)
-
Onverwacht Group (24)
-
Pongola Supergroup (19)
-
Prince Albert Group (2)
-
Stillwater Complex (7)
-
Swaziland Sequence (1)
-
Transvaal Supergroup (94)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Cahill Formation (1)
-
Damara System (22)
-
Great Oxidation Event (6)
-
Huronian (4)
-
Kombolgie Formation (1)
-
Malmani Subgroup (13)
-
Mesoproterozoic (63)
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Cryogenian (2)
-
Ediacaran (30)
-
Marinoan (5)
-
Otavi Group (3)
-
Sturtian (5)
-
Vendian (16)
-
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Birimian (2)
-
Rooiberg Group (9)
-
Rustenburg Layered Suite (21)
-
Siderian (1)
-
-
Pretoria Group (17)
-
Windermere System (1)
-
Wolkberg Group (1)
-
-
-
Ventersdorp Supergroup (49)
-
Waterberg System (15)
-
Witwatersrand Supergroup (66)
-
Wyman Formation (1)
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
extrusive rocks (2)
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites
-
sovite (2)
-
-
feldspathoid rocks (5)
-
granophyre (12)
-
hypabyssal rocks (2)
-
kimberlite (132)
-
peperite (3)
-
phoscorites (4)
-
picrite (9)
-
plutonic rocks
-
alnoite (1)
-
anorthosite
-
gabbroic anorthosite (1)
-
-
diabase
-
tholeiitic dolerite (1)
-
-
diorites
-
ferrodiorite (2)
-
tonalite
-
enderbite (2)
-
-
trondhjemite (13)
-
-
gabbros
-
microgabbro (1)
-
norite (20)
-
olivine gabbro (1)
-
troctolite (7)
-
-
granites
-
adamellite (3)
-
alaskite (2)
-
alkali granites (3)
-
aplite (4)
-
A-type granites (1)
-
charnockite (7)
-
felsite (3)
-
granite porphyry (1)
-
I-type granites (2)
-
leucogranite (7)
-
microgranite (3)
-
monzogranite (3)
-
rapakivi (2)
-
S-type granites (5)
-
-
granodiorites (13)
-
ijolite (1)
-
lamproite (7)
-
lamprophyres (6)
-
pegmatite (46)
-
sovite (2)
-
syenites
-
albitite (1)
-
alkali syenites (1)
-
bostonite (1)
-
nepheline syenite
-
agpaite (1)
-
foyaite (3)
-
lujavrite (1)
-
-
quartz syenite (1)
-
-
ultramafics
-
chromitite (57)
-
peridotites
-
dunite (19)
-
garnet lherzolite (2)
-
garnet peridotite (3)
-
harzburgite (23)
-
lherzolite (10)
-
spinel peridotite (1)
-
-
pyroxenite
-
clinopyroxenite (2)
-
garnet pyroxenite (1)
-
orthopyroxenite
-
bronzitite (1)
-
-
websterite (3)
-
-
-
-
porphyry (2)
-
volcanic rocks
-
adakites (1)
-
andesites
-
boninite (2)
-
-
basalts
-
alkali basalts
-
trachybasalts (1)
-
-
flood basalts (21)
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (10)
-
ocean-island basalts (1)
-
shoshonite (1)
-
tholeiite (5)
-
trap rocks (1)
-
-
dacites (2)
-
glasses (2)
-
komatiite (25)
-
melilitite (2)
-
nephelinite (2)
-
phonolites (11)
-
pyroclastics
-
ash-flow tuff (1)
-
hyaloclastite (2)
-
ignimbrite (6)
-
pumice (1)
-
tuff (13)
-
welded tuff (1)
-
-
rhyolites
-
quartz porphyry (4)
-
-
trachyandesites (1)
-
trachytes (4)
-
-
-
ophiolite (7)
-
volcanic ash (4)
-
wehrlite (2)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (20)
-
cataclasites (3)
-
eclogite (25)
-
garnetite (1)
-
gneisses
-
biotite gneiss (1)
-
granite gneiss (5)
-
orthogneiss (6)
-
paragneiss (1)
-
tonalite gneiss (1)
-
-
granulites
-
leptite (1)
-
-
hornfels (3)
-
impactites
-
impact breccia
-
lunar breccia (1)
-
-
-
marbles (8)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
meta-anorthosite (1)
-
metabasalt (4)
-
metabasite (1)
-
metadacite (1)
-
metagabbro (2)
-
metagranite (3)
-
metakomatiite (2)
-
metaperidotite (1)
-
metapyroxenite (1)
-
metatuff (2)
-
serpentinite (3)
-
-
metaplutonic rocks (2)
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
metachert (1)
-
metaconglomerate (3)
-
metagraywacke (2)
-
metapelite (13)
-
metasandstone (2)
-
metasiltstone (1)
-
paragneiss (1)
-
-
metasomatic rocks
-
fenite (1)
-
rodingite (1)
-
serpentinite (3)
-
skarn (6)
-
-
metavolcanic rocks (14)
-
migmatites (4)
-
mylonites
-
pseudotachylite (18)
-
-
quartzites (32)
-
schists
-
greenschist (1)
-
greenstone (25)
-
tourmalinite (3)
-
-
slates (3)
-
-
ophiolite (7)
-
turbidite (22)
-
-
meteorites
-
meteorites
-
iron meteorites
-
octahedrite
-
Gibeon Meteorite (1)
-
-
-
stony meteorites
-
chondrites
-
carbonaceous chondrites (1)
-
ordinary chondrites
-
L chondrites (2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
minerals
-
alloys
-
electrum (1)
-
kamacite (1)
-
taenite (1)
-
-
amosite (1)
-
antimonates (1)
-
antimonides (3)
-
arsenates (5)
-
arsenides
-
arsenopyrite (4)
-
safflorite (1)
-
sperrylite (9)
-
-
bismuthides
-
froodite (1)
-
michenerite (3)
-
-
borates (5)
-
carbonates
-
ankerite (4)
-
aragonite (5)
-
bastnaesite (2)
-
calcite (27)
-
cancrinite (1)
-
dolomite (11)
-
hydrotalcite (2)
-
ikaite (1)
-
magnesite (1)
-
nahcolite (1)
-
norsethite (1)
-
parisite (1)
-
pyroaurite (2)
-
rhodochrosite (1)
-
siderite (7)
-
smithsonite (1)
-
synchysite (1)
-
witherite (2)
-
-
chromates (1)
-
halides
-
chlorides
-
eudialyte (2)
-
halite (3)
-
vanadinite (1)
-
-
fluorides
-
bastnaesite (2)
-
fluorite (5)
-
parisite (1)
-
synchysite (1)
-
villiaumite (1)
-
-
zunyite (1)
-
-
hydrates (3)
-
manganese minerals (4)
-
minerals (102)
-
native elements
-
diamond (31)
-
graphite (7)
-
-
nitrates (1)
-
organic minerals
-
amber (2)
-
-
oxalates (1)
-
oxides
-
aluminum oxides (1)
-
baddeleyite (8)
-
bixbyite (3)
-
brannerite (2)
-
brookite (1)
-
brucite (2)
-
cassiterite (13)
-
chrome spinel (5)
-
chromite (27)
-
corundum (2)
-
cryptomelane (1)
-
ferrihydrite (1)
-
franklinite (1)
-
gahnite (2)
-
gibbsite (1)
-
goethite (6)
-
hausmannite (7)
-
hematite (18)
-
heterogenite (1)
-
hoegbomite (1)
-
hydroxides
-
oxyhydroxides (2)
-
-
ilmenite (30)
-
iron oxides (14)
-
jacobsite (1)
-
leucoxene (1)
-
lithiophorite (2)
-
maghemite (1)
-
magnesioferrite (1)
-
magnetite (40)
-
manganese oxides (4)
-
manganite (2)
-
martite (1)
-
nigerite (1)
-
niobates
-
betafite (1)
-
columbite (1)
-
fergusonite (1)
-
-
perovskite (7)
-
pitchblende (1)
-
pyrophanite (2)
-
ramsdellite (1)
-
rutile (13)
-
spinel (20)
-
spinel group (4)
-
tantalates
-
betafite (1)
-
tantalite (1)
-
-
titanium oxides (4)
-
titanomaghemite (1)
-
titanomagnetite (4)
-
todorokite (2)
-
trevorite (6)
-
uraninite (10)
-
-
phosphates
-
apatite (20)
-
britholite (2)
-
chlorapatite (1)
-
fluorapatite (1)
-
monazite (17)
-
xenotime (3)
-
-
platinum minerals (31)
-
selenates (1)
-
silicates
-
aluminosilicates (2)
-
asbestos (4)
-
borosilicates (3)
-
chain silicates
-
aenigmatite group
-
sapphirine (3)
-
-
amphibole group
-
clinoamphibole
-
actinolite (2)
-
crocidolite (4)
-
edenite (1)
-
hornblende (4)
-
kaersutite (1)
-
pargasite (2)
-
richterite (3)
-
riebeckite (2)
-
tremolite (2)
-
tschermakite (3)
-
-
orthoamphibole
-
anthophyllite (2)
-
gedrite (2)
-
holmquistite (1)
-
-
-
bavenite (1)
-
jade (1)
-
plancheite (1)
-
prehnite (3)
-
pyroxene group
-
clinopyroxene
-
aegirine (5)
-
aegirine-augite (1)
-
augite (2)
-
chrome diopside (2)
-
diopside (4)
-
hedenbergite (1)
-
jadeite (1)
-
omphacite (2)
-
pigeonite (2)
-
spodumene (3)
-
-
orthopyroxene
-
enstatite (4)
-
hypersthene (2)
-
-
-
tobermorite (3)
-
wollastonite group
-
pectolite (5)
-
wollastonite (4)
-
-
xonotlite (1)
-
-
framework silicates
-
cancrinite (1)
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
K-feldspar (2)
-
microcline (4)
-
perthite (1)
-
sanidine (1)
-
-
barium feldspar (1)
-
plagioclase
-
albite (3)
-
anorthite (2)
-
-
-
nepheline group
-
nepheline (2)
-
-
scapolite group
-
scapolite (1)
-
-
silica minerals
-
agate (1)
-
coesite (3)
-
quartz (40)
-
stishovite (1)
-
-
zeolite group
-
analcime (3)
-
natrolite (1)
-
stilbite (1)
-
yugawaralite (1)
-
-
-
magnesian silicates (1)
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
andalusite (2)
-
braunite (7)
-
britholite group
-
britholite (2)
-
-
chloritoid (1)
-
datolite group
-
datolite (2)
-
-
garnet group
-
almandine (4)
-
andradite (5)
-
grossular (5)
-
hydrogarnet
-
hydrogrossular (1)
-
-
majorite (3)
-
pyrope (8)
-
spessartine (3)
-
uvarovite (2)
-
-
grandidierite (1)
-
kyanite (5)
-
mullite (1)
-
olivine group
-
fayalite (1)
-
forsterite (5)
-
olivine (25)
-
ringwoodite (1)
-
-
sillimanite (6)
-
staurolite (2)
-
titanite group
-
titanite (10)
-
-
zircon group
-
coffinite (2)
-
thorite (1)
-
zircon (127)
-
-
-
sorosilicates
-
barylite (1)
-
bertrandite (1)
-
epidote group
-
allanite (1)
-
epidote (2)
-
-
kornerupine (1)
-
melilite group
-
melilite (1)
-
-
vesuvianite (5)
-
zunyite (1)
-
-
-
ring silicates
-
beryl (1)
-
cordierite (4)
-
emerald (2)
-
eudialyte (2)
-
milarite group
-
osumilite (3)
-
-
tourmaline group (5)
-
-
sheet silicates
-
apophyllite (1)
-
chlorite group
-
chlorite (6)
-
-
clay minerals
-
kaolinite (10)
-
nacrite (1)
-
smectite (8)
-
vermiculite (2)
-
-
gillespite (1)
-
gyrolite (3)
-
illite (9)
-
margarite (2)
-
mica group
-
biotite (14)
-
glauconite (2)
-
lepidolite (2)
-
muscovite (12)
-
paragonite (1)
-
phlogopite (21)
-
-
palygorskite (2)
-
pyrophyllite (3)
-
rectorite (1)
-
sepiolite (2)
-
serpentine group
-
antigorite (1)
-
chrysotile (4)
-
cronstedtite (1)
-
lizardite (1)
-
serpentine (5)
-
-
stilpnomelane (3)
-
talc (2)
-
-
-
sulfates
-
anhydrite (1)
-
barite (4)
-
bassanite (1)
-
ettringite (3)
-
gypsum (4)
-
jarosite (1)
-
natroalunite (2)
-
-
sulfides
-
argentite (1)
-
arsenopyrite (4)
-
bornite (2)
-
chalcocite (1)
-
chalcopyrite (12)
-
cooperite (7)
-
copper sulfides (5)
-
galena (6)
-
iron sulfides (3)
-
joseite (1)
-
laurite (9)
-
mackinawite (5)
-
millerite (3)
-
molybdenite (4)
-
nickel sulfides (4)
-
pentlandite (8)
-
polydymite (1)
-
pyrite (23)
-
pyrrhotite (10)
-
siegenite (1)
-
sphalerite (6)
-
troilite (4)
-
valleriite (1)
-
-
sulfosalts
-
sulfarsenites
-
jordanite (1)
-
-
-
tellurides
-
altaite (1)
-
joseite (1)
-
-
tungstates
-
scheelite (3)
-
-
ultrabasite (3)
-
uranium minerals (1)
-
vanadates
-
descloizite (1)
-
vanadinite (1)
-
-
wehrlite (2)
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (333)
-
academic institutions (1)
-
Africa
-
Afar (1)
-
Cape Verde Islands (1)
-
Central Africa
-
Angola
-
Cabinda Angola (1)
-
Cuanza Basin (1)
-
-
Central African Republic (3)
-
Congo (5)
-
Congo Democratic Republic
-
Shaba Congo Democratic Republic (1)
-
-
Equatorial Guinea (2)
-
Gabon
-
Oklo (1)
-
-
-
Congo Basin (1)
-
Congo Craton (7)
-
East Africa
-
Afar Depression (2)
-
Ethiopia (6)
-
Ethiopian Rift (2)
-
Kenya
-
East Turkana Basin (1)
-
-
Malawi (3)
-
Mozambique
-
Maputo Mozambique (1)
-
-
Somali Republic (1)
-
Sudan (1)
-
Tanzania (7)
-
Uganda (4)
-
Zambia (8)
-
-
East African Rift (13)
-
Kalahari Desert (51)
-
Lebombo Mountains (4)
-
Limpopo Basin (13)
-
Limpopo Belt (74)
-
Madagascar
-
Mahajanga Basin (1)
-
-
Mozambique Belt (1)
-
Namib Desert (7)
-
North Africa
-
Algeria (1)
-
Egypt
-
Nile Delta (1)
-
-
Libya (1)
-
Morocco
-
Rif
-
Beni Bouchera (1)
-
-
-
-
Sahara (2)
-
Southern Africa
-
Barberton greenstone belt (92)
-
Botswana
-
Okavango Delta (2)
-
-
Gariep Belt (13)
-
Kaapvaal Craton (260)
-
Kalahari Craton (18)
-
Karoo Basin (222)
-
Lesotho (48)
-
Namaqualand (73)
-
Namaqualand metamorphic complex (45)
-
Namibia
-
Damara Belt (6)
-
Kaoko Belt (1)
-
Luderitz Namibia (2)
-
Otavi Namibia (1)
-
Tsumeb Namibia (1)
-
Windhoek Namibia (5)
-
-
Orange River (27)
-
South Africa
-
Bushveld Complex (275)
-
Cape fold belt (39)
-
Cape Province region (155)
-
Eastern Cape Province South Africa
-
Cape Town South Africa (16)
-
Molteno South Africa (1)
-
Port Elizabeth South Africa (5)
-
-
Free State South Africa
-
Vredefort Dome (64)
-
-
Gauteng South Africa
-
Johannesburg South Africa (17)
-
Pretoria South Africa (8)
-
Swartkrans Cave (2)
-
-
Klerksdorp Field (11)
-
KwaZulu-Natal South Africa
-
Durban South Africa (15)
-
Tugela Basin (3)
-
Zululand (6)
-
-
Limpopo South Africa (30)
-
Merensky Reef (63)
-
Mpumalanga South Africa
-
Barberton Mountain Land (14)
-
Barberton South Africa (16)
-
-
Murchison greenstone belt (12)
-
Northern Cape Province South Africa
-
Kimberley South Africa (28)
-
Postmasburg South Africa (12)
-
-
North-West Province South Africa
-
Ventersdorp South Africa (7)
-
-
Sutherland South Africa (7)
-
Transvaal region (343)
-
Vaal River (8)
-
Western Cape Province South Africa
-
Knysna South Africa (1)
-
Langebaanweg South Africa (5)
-
-
Witwatersrand (139)
-
-
Swaziland (39)
-
Zimbabwe
-
Belingwe greenstone belt (2)
-
Great Dyke (5)
-
Kariba Zimbabwe (1)
-
-
-
West Africa
-
Benin (3)
-
Burkina Faso (1)
-
Cameroon (2)
-
Chad (1)
-
Gambia (1)
-
Ghana (6)
-
Guinea (1)
-
Ivory Coast (5)
-
Liberia (2)
-
Mali (2)
-
Mauritania (2)
-
Niger (3)
-
Nigeria (4)
-
Sierra Leone (2)
-
Togo (1)
-
-
West African Shield (1)
-
Zambezi Valley (3)
-
Zimbabwe Craton (25)
-
-
Antarctica
-
East Antarctica (4)
-
Ellsworth Land
-
Ellsworth Mountains (1)
-
-
Enderby Land (1)
-
Queen Maud Land (4)
-
Transantarctic Mountains
-
Pensacola Mountains
-
Dufek Intrusion (1)
-
-
-
Victoria Land (3)
-
-
Arctic Ocean
-
Norwegian Sea (1)
-
-
Arctic region
-
Greenland
-
Ilimaussaq (1)
-
Skaergaard Intrusion (1)
-
-
Svalbard (2)
-
-
asbestos deposits (4)
-
Asia
-
Altai Mountains
-
Gorny Altai (1)
-
-
Altai Russian Federation
-
Gorny Altai (1)
-
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Arabian Shield (1)
-
Oman (2)
-
Saudi Arabia (2)
-
Yemen (2)
-
-
Central Asia
-
Kazakhstan
-
Karatau Range (1)
-
-
-
Far East
-
China
-
Henan China (1)
-
Liaoning China (1)
-
North China Platform (3)
-
Shanxi China (1)
-
Xinjiang China (1)
-
Xizang China (1)
-
Yangtze Platform (1)
-
-
Indonesia
-
Billiton (1)
-
Krakatoa (1)
-
Sumatra (1)
-
-
Japan
-
Honshu
-
Hida metamorphic belt (1)
-
-
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land subsidence (8)
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land use (10)
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lava (36)
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lexicons (2)
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lichens (1)
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lineation (4)
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magmas (207)
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mantle (129)
-
maps (11)
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marine geology (4)
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Mediterranean region (2)
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian (4)
-
Aptian (2)
-
Valanginian (2)
-
-
Middle Cretaceous (1)
-
Mishash Formation (1)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Cenomanian (1)
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
Maestrichtian (1)
-
Santonian (1)
-
Senonian (1)
-
-
-
Jurassic
-
Clarens Formation (19)
-
Ferrar Group (7)
-
Lower Jurassic
-
Hettangian (3)
-
lower Liassic (2)
-
middle Liassic (2)
-
Pliensbachian (5)
-
Sinemurian (1)
-
Toarcian
-
lower Toarcian (1)
-
-
upper Liassic (4)
-
-
Middle Jurassic (5)
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Volgian (1)
-
-
-
Serra Geral Formation (1)
-
Triassic
-
Fremouw Formation (1)
-
Lower Triassic
-
Olenekian (2)
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (21)
-
-
Middle Triassic
-
Anisian (2)
-
Ladinian (1)
-
-
Mole Granite (1)
-
Narrabeen Group (1)
-
Upper Triassic
-
Carnian
-
Ischigualasto Formation (1)
-
-
Keuper (1)
-
Molteno Formation (13)
-
Norian (1)
-
Rhaetian (1)
-
Stormberg Series (10)
-
-
-
upper Mesozoic (1)
-
-
metal ores
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antimony ores (5)
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arsenic ores (5)
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base metals (39)
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beryllium ores (2)
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bismuth ores (2)
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chromite ores (34)
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cobalt ores (6)
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copper ores (90)
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gold ores (162)
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iridium ores (1)
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iron ores (30)
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lead ores (25)
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lead-zinc deposits (17)
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magnesium ores (1)
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manganese ores (45)
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molybdenum ores (5)
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nickel ores (46)
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niobium ores (1)
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palladium ores (3)
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platinum ores (123)
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polymetallic ores (13)
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pyrite ores (3)
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rare earth deposits (6)
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silver ores (19)
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tantalum ores (1)
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thorium ores (2)
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tin ores (19)
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titanium ores (8)
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tungsten ores (10)
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uranium ores (48)
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vanadium ores (1)
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zinc ores (37)
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zirconium ores (1)
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-
metals
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actinides
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thorium (3)
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uranium
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U-238 (1)
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U-238/Pb-206 (2)
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U-238/U-234 (2)
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-
-
alkali metals
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cesium (2)
-
lithium
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Li-7/Li-6 (1)
-
-
potassium
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K-40 (1)
-
-
rubidium
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Rb-87/Sr-86 (4)
-
-
sodium (7)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
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barium (2)
-
beryllium
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Be-10 (8)
-
-
calcium
-
Ca-44/Ca-40 (1)
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Mg/Ca (1)
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Sr/Ca (2)
-
-
magnesium
-
Mg/Ca (1)
-
Mg-26/Mg-24 (1)
-
-
radium
-
Ra-226 (1)
-
-
strontium
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (4)
-
Sr/Ca (2)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (44)
-
-
-
aluminum
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Al-26 (3)
-
-
antimony (6)
-
arsenic (6)
-
bismuth (1)
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cadmium (1)
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chromium
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Cr-53/Cr-52 (1)
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-
cobalt (5)
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copper (11)
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germanium (2)
-
gold (26)
-
hafnium
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Hf-177/Hf-176 (8)
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-
iron
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Fe-56/Fe-54 (2)
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Fe-57/Fe-54 (1)
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ferric iron (8)
-
ferrous iron (5)
-
-
lead
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (7)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (5)
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Pb-207/Pb-206 (4)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (4)
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Pb-208/Pb-206 (1)
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U-238/Pb-206 (2)
-
-
manganese (22)
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mercury (2)
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molybdenum (1)
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nickel (13)
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niobium (4)
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platinum group
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iridium (11)
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iridium ores (1)
-
osmium
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Os-187/Os-186 (3)
-
Os-188/Os-187 (9)
-
Re-187/Os-188 (1)
-
-
palladium (19)
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palladium ores (3)
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platinum (22)
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platinum ores (123)
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rhodium (7)
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ruthenium (5)
-
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precious metals (15)
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rare earths
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cerium (7)
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europium (4)
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holmium (1)
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lanthanum (2)
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lutetium (1)
-
neodymium
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (10)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (2)
-
-
samarium
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (2)
-
-
scandium (1)
-
terbium (1)
-
ytterbium (1)
-
yttrium (1)
-
-
rhenium
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Re-187/Os-188 (1)
-
-
silver (4)
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tantalum (2)
-
tin (6)
-
titanium (18)
-
tungsten
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W-182 (2)
-
-
vanadium (4)
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zinc (7)
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zirconium (2)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
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amphibolites (20)
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cataclasites (3)
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eclogite (25)
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garnetite (1)
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gneisses
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biotite gneiss (1)
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granite gneiss (5)
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orthogneiss (6)
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paragneiss (1)
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tonalite gneiss (1)
-
-
granulites
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leptite (1)
-
-
hornfels (3)
-
impactites
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impact breccia
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lunar breccia (1)
-
-
-
marbles (8)
-
metaigneous rocks
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meta-anorthosite (1)
-
metabasalt (4)
-
metabasite (1)
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metadacite (1)
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metagabbro (2)
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metagranite (3)
-
metakomatiite (2)
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metaperidotite (1)
-
metapyroxenite (1)
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metatuff (2)
-
serpentinite (3)
-
-
metaplutonic rocks (2)
-
metasedimentary rocks
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metachert (1)
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metaconglomerate (3)
-
metagraywacke (2)
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metapelite (13)
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metasandstone (2)
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metasiltstone (1)
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paragneiss (1)
-
-
metasomatic rocks
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fenite (1)
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rodingite (1)
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serpentinite (3)
-
skarn (6)
-
-
metavolcanic rocks (14)
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migmatites (4)
-
mylonites
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pseudotachylite (18)
-
-
quartzites (32)
-
schists
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greenschist (1)
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greenstone (25)
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tourmalinite (3)
-
-
slates (3)
-
-
metamorphism (205)
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metasomatism (168)
-
meteorites
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iron meteorites
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octahedrite
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Gibeon Meteorite (1)
-
-
-
stony meteorites
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chondrites
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carbonaceous chondrites (1)
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ordinary chondrites
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L chondrites (2)
-
-
-
-
-
meteorology (1)
-
Mexico
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Sierra Madre Oriental (1)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (279)
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mineral exploration (121)
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mineral resources (18)
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mineralogy (96)
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minerals (102)
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mining geology (27)
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Mohorovicic discontinuity (8)
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monazite deposits (2)
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Moon (5)
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mud volcanoes (2)
-
nitrogen
-
N-15 (1)
-
N-15/N-14 (4)
-
organic nitrogen (1)
-
-
noble gases
-
argon
-
Ar-39 (1)
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
-
-
helium
-
He-3 (4)
-
He-4/He-3 (1)
-
-
neon
-
Ne-21 (4)
-
-
radon (1)
-
-
nodules (10)
-
nonmetal deposits (1)
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nonmetals (1)
-
North America
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Appalachians
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Southern Appalachians (1)
-
-
Basin and Range Province (1)
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Canadian Shield
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Churchill Province (1)
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Grenville Province (1)
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Slave Province (3)
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Superior Province
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Abitibi Belt (2)
-
-
-
Great Lakes
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Lake Superior (2)
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Great Plains (1)
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Gulf Coastal Plain (1)
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North American Cordillera
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Canadian Cordillera (1)
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Western Interior (1)
-
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Northern Hemisphere (1)
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nuclear facilities (4)
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ocean basins (2)
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ocean circulation (4)
-
Ocean Drilling Program
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Leg 175
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ODP Site 1087 (1)
-
-
-
ocean floors (8)
-
Oceania
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Melanesia
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New Caledonia (2)
-
-
Polynesia
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Hawaii (2)
-
-
-
oceanography (3)
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oil and gas fields (7)
-
orogeny (36)
-
oxygen
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O-16 (1)
-
O-17 (1)
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O-18 (2)
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O-18/O-16 (71)
-
-
Pacific Coast (1)
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Pacific Ocean
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East Pacific
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East Pacific Rise (1)
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Northeast Pacific
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Gulf of Alaska (1)
-
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Southeast Pacific
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Tonga Trench (1)
-
-
-
North Pacific
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Mid-Pacific Mountains (1)
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Northeast Pacific
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Gulf of Alaska (1)
-
-
Northwest Pacific
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Izu-Bonin Arc (1)
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Mariana Trough (1)
-
-
-
South Pacific
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Southeast Pacific
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Tonga Trench (1)
-
-
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West Pacific
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Northwest Pacific
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Izu-Bonin Arc (1)
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Mariana Trough (1)
-
-
-
-
paleobotany (5)
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paleoclimatology (68)
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paleoecology (69)
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paleogeography (75)
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paleomagnetism (46)
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paleontology (31)
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian
-
Lower Cambrian
-
Atdabanian (1)
-
Terreneuvian
-
Fortunian (2)
-
-
Tommotian (1)
-
-
Middle Cambrian
-
Burgess Shale (1)
-
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Albert Formation (1)
-
Lower Carboniferous
-
Dinantian (1)
-
-
Middle Carboniferous (1)
-
Mississippian
-
Lower Mississippian
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Tournaisian (1)
-
-
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Upper Pennsylvanian (1)
-
-
Upper Carboniferous
-
Westphalian (2)
-
-
-
Devonian
-
Lower Devonian
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Emsian (3)
-
Siegenian (1)
-
-
Middle Devonian
-
Eifelian (4)
-
Givetian (2)
-
-
Upper Devonian
-
Famennian (1)
-
Frasnian (1)
-
-
-
Itarare Subgroup (1)
-
lower Paleozoic (11)
-
Ordovician
-
Lower Ordovician (2)
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Ashgillian (6)
-
Caradocian (1)
-
Hirnantian (7)
-
-
-
Permian
-
Ecca Group (53)
-
Guadalupian
-
Capitanian (4)
-
Roadian (1)
-
Wordian (1)
-
-
Lower Permian
-
Cisuralian
-
Artinskian (1)
-
Kungurian (3)
-
-
Wolfcampian
-
Hueco Limestone (1)
-
-
-
Middle Permian (10)
-
Upper Permian
-
Lopingian
-
Changhsingian (1)
-
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (21)
-
-
Vryheid Formation (13)
-
Whitehill Formation (11)
-
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian
-
Llandovery
-
Rhuddanian (1)
-
-
-
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Dwyka Formation (50)
-
-
-
palynology (2)
-
palynomorphs
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acritarchs (4)
-
Chitinozoa (2)
-
Dinoflagellata (1)
-
megaspores (1)
-
miospores
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pollen (10)
-
-
-
paragenesis (35)
-
permafrost (1)
-
petroleum
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natural gas
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shale gas (13)
-
-
-
petrology (126)
-
Phanerozoic (17)
-
phase equilibria (62)
-
phosphate deposits (3)
-
phosphorus (5)
-
placers
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beach placers (1)
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stream placers (1)
-
-
planetology (1)
-
Plantae
-
algae
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calcareous algae (1)
-
Chlorophyta (2)
-
diatoms (2)
-
nannofossils (5)
-
Rhodophyta
-
Corallinaceae (1)
-
-
-
Bryophyta (2)
-
Pteridophyta
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Filicopsida (1)
-
Lycopsida (1)
-
Sphenopsida
-
Sphenophyllum (1)
-
-
-
Spermatophyta
-
Angiospermae
-
Monocotyledoneae
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Gramineae (2)
-
-
-
Gymnospermae
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Coniferae (1)
-
Coniferales (4)
-
Cycadales (2)
-
Dadoxylon (1)
-
Ginkgoales
-
Ginkgo (1)
-
-
Glossopteridales
-
Gangamopteris (1)
-
Glossopteris
-
Glossopteris flora (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
plate tectonics (120)
-
pollution (35)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Eoarchean (1)
-
Fig Tree Group (17)
-
J-M Reef (2)
-
Kromberg Formation (3)
-
Mesoarchean (33)
-
Napier Complex (1)
-
Neoarchean (74)
-
Paleoarchean
-
Hooggenoeg Formation (7)
-
-
Swaziland Supergroup (5)
-
Warrawoona Group (2)
-
-
Brockman Iron Formation (3)
-
Central Rand Group (33)
-
Fortescue Group (2)
-
Gunflint Iron Formation (1)
-
Hadean (7)
-
Hamersley Group (7)
-
Onverwacht Group (24)
-
Pongola Supergroup (19)
-
Prince Albert Group (2)
-
Stillwater Complex (7)
-
Swaziland Sequence (1)
-
Transvaal Supergroup (94)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Cahill Formation (1)
-
Damara System (22)
-
Great Oxidation Event (6)
-
Huronian (4)
-
Kombolgie Formation (1)
-
Malmani Subgroup (13)
-
Mesoproterozoic (63)
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Cryogenian (2)
-
Ediacaran (30)
-
Marinoan (5)
-
Otavi Group (3)
-
Sturtian (5)
-
Vendian (16)
-
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Birimian (2)
-
Rooiberg Group (9)
-
Rustenburg Layered Suite (21)
-
Siderian (1)
-
-
Pretoria Group (17)
-
Windermere System (1)
-
Wolkberg Group (1)
-
-
-
Ventersdorp Supergroup (49)
-
Waterberg System (15)
-
Witwatersrand Supergroup (66)
-
Wyman Formation (1)
-
-
problematic fossils
-
problematic microfossils (3)
-
-
reclamation (2)
-
reefs (16)
-
remote sensing (41)
-
reservoirs (2)
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roads (3)
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rock mechanics (16)
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sand deposits (1)
-
sea water (6)
-
sea-floor spreading (3)
-
sea-level changes (45)
-
sedimentary petrology (69)
-
sedimentary rocks
-
bauxite (1)
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bone beds (1)
-
carbonate rocks
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beachrock (5)
-
dolostone (22)
-
grainstone (1)
-
limestone
-
coquina (1)
-
dolomitic limestone (2)
-
micrite (1)
-
microbialite (4)
-
-
travertine (1)
-
-
chemically precipitated rocks
-
chert (26)
-
duricrust (3)
-
evaporites
-
salt (2)
-
-
iron formations
-
banded iron formations (16)
-
-
ironstone (5)
-
jaspilite (1)
-
phosphate rocks (6)
-
silcrete (7)
-
siliceous sinter (1)
-
taconite (1)
-
tufa (2)
-
-
clastic rocks
-
arenite
-
quartz arenite (9)
-
sublitharenite (1)
-
-
argillite (3)
-
arkose (2)
-
black shale (7)
-
claystone (1)
-
conglomerate
-
quartz-pebble conglomerate (6)
-
-
diamictite (22)
-
eolianite (5)
-
graywacke (3)
-
mudstone (51)
-
red beds (8)
-
sandstone (119)
-
shale (39)
-
siltstone (16)
-
subarkose (1)
-
tillite (6)
-
-
coal
-
lignite (2)
-
-
oil sands (1)
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
bedding plane irregularities
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dune structures (4)
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flute casts (1)
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groove casts (1)
-
grooves (1)
-
mudcracks (3)
-
ripple marks (5)
-
scour marks (1)
-
-
biogenic structures
-
algal structures
-
algal mats (10)
-
algal mounds (1)
-
-
bioherms (3)
-
bioturbation (8)
-
lebensspuren (3)
-
microbial mats (3)
-
oncolites (2)
-
stromatolites (26)
-
thrombolites (5)
-
-
graded bedding (3)
-
planar bedding structures
-
bedding (10)
-
cross-bedding (17)
-
cross-laminations (2)
-
cross-stratification (4)
-
cyclothems (1)
-
hummocky cross-stratification (1)
-
laminations (17)
-
massive bedding (1)
-
rhythmite (3)
-
ripple drift-cross laminations (6)
-
sand bodies (2)
-
-
primary structures (2)
-
secondary structures
-
concretions (10)
-
stylolites (1)
-
-
seismites (1)
-
soft sediment deformation
-
clastic dikes (4)
-
convoluted beds (2)
-
flame structures (1)
-
flow structures (2)
-
olistostromes (1)
-
slump structures (1)
-
-
sole marks (2)
-
turbidity current structures
-
Bouma sequence (2)
-
load casts (2)
-
-
-
sedimentation (166)
-
sediments
-
carbonate sediments (1)
-
clastic sediments
-
alluvium (9)
-
boulders (7)
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clay (6)
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cobbles (4)
-
colluvium (6)
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diamicton (1)
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drift (1)
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dust (2)
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eluvium (2)
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gravel (11)
-
kaolin (1)
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mud (5)
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ooze (2)
-
outwash (1)
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pebbles (7)
-
quartz sand (1)
-
residual clays (1)
-
sand (31)
-
silt (6)
-
-
marine sediments (14)
-
-
seismology (13)
-
selenium (3)
-
shorelines (8)
-
silicon
-
Si-30/Si-28 (1)
-
-
slope stability (7)
-
soil mechanics (7)
-
soils
-
Andosols (1)
-
Anthrosols (1)
-
Clay soils (2)
-
laterites (5)
-
-
Solomon Islands (1)
-
South America
-
Andes (1)
-
Argentina
-
Buenos Aires Argentina (1)
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Neuquen Basin (2)
-
-
Bolivia
-
Cochabamba Bolivia (1)
-
-
Brazil
-
Bahia Brazil (1)
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Brazilian Shield (2)
-
Goias Brazil (1)
-
Minas Gerais Brazil
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Pocos de Caldas Brazil (1)
-
Quadrilatero Ferrifero (1)
-
-
Para Brazil
-
Carajas mineral province (1)
-
-
Paraiba Brazil (1)
-
Parana Brazil (1)
-
Pelotas Basin (2)
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Ribeira Belt (1)
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Santa Catarina Brazil (1)
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Sao Francisco Craton (3)
-
-
Chile
-
Antofagasta Chile (1)
-
-
Colombia (1)
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Journal Article
Colloidal gold dispersions in orogenic gold from the Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa
Journal: Geology
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 20 November 2024
Geology (2025) 53 (2): 186–190.
Journal Article
Sulfide Mineralization and Associated Platinum Group Elements in Mafic-Ultramafic Units of the Tantalite Valley Complex, Southern Namibia
Journal: Economic Geology
Publisher: Society of Economic Geologists
Published: 01 September 2024
Economic Geology (2024) 119 (6): 1239–1259.
Includes: Supplemental Content
Journal Article
Onverwacht Group, Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa: 300 m.y. development of a Paleoarchean stagnant lid
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 03 July 2024
GSA Bulletin (2025) 137 (1-2): 259–278.
Journal Article
Earth’s Earliest Crust
Journal: Elements
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 01 June 2024
Elements (2024) 20 (3): 168–173.
Journal Article
At the Dawn of Continents: Archean Tonalite-Trondhjemite-Granodiorite Suites
Journal: Elements
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 01 June 2024
Elements (2024) 20 (3): 174–179.
Journal Article
Atmospheric oxygenation at the onset of Earth’s Great Oxidation forced enhanced marine anoxia
Journal: South African Journal of Geology
Publisher: Geological Society of South Africa
Published: 01 June 2024
South African Journal of Geology (2024) 127 (2): 455–472.
Journal Article
Quartz arenites as signatures of cratonisation: examples from the Archaean Stratigraphic Record, southern Africa
Journal: South African Journal of Geology
Publisher: Geological Society of South Africa
Published: 01 June 2024
South African Journal of Geology (2024) 127 (2): 181–194.
Journal Article
Sedimentary and stratigraphic architecture of the Duitschland and Rooihoogte formations (Palaeoproterozoic, South Africa): implications for tempo of the Great Oxidation Event
Journal: South African Journal of Geology
Publisher: Geological Society of South Africa
Published: 01 June 2024
South African Journal of Geology (2024) 127 (2): 433–454.
Journal Article
Retrieving meaningful information from detrital zircon in Palaeoproterozoic sedimentary rocks: Provenance, timing of deposition, metamorphism and alteration of zircon in sandstones of the Pretoria Group in the Transvaal Basin, South Africa
Journal: South African Journal of Geology
Publisher: Geological Society of South Africa
Published: 01 June 2024
South African Journal of Geology (2024) 127 (2): 473.
Journal Article
New details on the volcanic and tectonic evolution of the Mesoarchaean Dominion Group with special reference to the Syferfontein Formation in the Ottosdal area (South Africa)
Journal: South African Journal of Geology
Publisher: Geological Society of South Africa
Published: 01 June 2024
South African Journal of Geology (2024) 127 (2): 219–238.
Journal Article
Factors responsible for Witwatersrand gold mineralisation
Journal: South African Journal of Geology
Publisher: Geological Society of South Africa
Published: 01 June 2024
South African Journal of Geology (2024) 127 (2): 271–284.
Journal Article
Satellite imagery reveals the nature of the Archaean granite-greenstone basement of the Kruger National Park, South Africa, including the newly discovered Olifants River Greenstone Belt
Journal: South African Journal of Geology
Publisher: Geological Society of South Africa
Published: 01 June 2024
South African Journal of Geology (2024) 127 (2): 163–180.
Journal Article
Ranking and developing ground-motion models for Southeastern Africa
Joanna M Holmgren, M.EERI, Maximilian J Werner, M.EERI, Katsuichiro Goda, M.EERI, Manuela Villani, Vitor Silva, M.EERI, Patrick Chindandali
Journal: Earthquake Spectra
Publisher: Earthquake Engineering Research Institute
Published: 01 May 2024
Earthquake Spectra (2024) 40 (2): 1552–1576.
Journal Article
GORDON LYALL PAVER (1913–1988) AND 42ND GEOLOGICAL SECTION, SOUTH AFRICAN ENGINEER CORPS: MILITARY GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS IN WORLD WAR II SUPPORTING BRITISH ARMY OPERATIONS: PART 1, THE EAST AFRICAN CAMPAIGN 1940–1941
Journal: Earth Sciences History
Publisher: History of Earth Sciences Society
Published: 01 May 2024
Earth Sciences History (2024) 43 (1): 176–197.
Journal Article
THE SOUTH DOES ALSO EXIST: THE CONTINENTAL DRIFT DEBATE IN THE ACCOUNT OF THE SOUTH-AFRICAN PALEOBOTANIST EDNA PLUMSTEAD
Journal: Earth Sciences History
Publisher: History of Earth Sciences Society
Published: 01 May 2024
Earth Sciences History (2024) 43 (1): 153–175.
Journal Article
Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the Mupane and Shashe Gold Deposits of the Tati Greenstone Belt (NE Botswana): Implications for Mineral Deposit Models and Exploration
Journal: Economic Geology
Publisher: Society of Economic Geologists
Published: 01 May 2024
Economic Geology (2024) 119 (3): 551–571.
Includes: Supplemental Content
Journal Article
Paleomagnetic investigation of the basal Maieberg Formation (Namibia) cap carbonate sequence (635 Ma): Implications for Snowball Earth postglacial dynamics
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 23 April 2024
GSA Bulletin (2024) 136 (11-12): 4775–4797.
Journal Article
Modification of Archean cratons in southern Africa with foundered segments dropped into the shallow lower mantle
Journal: Geology
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 19 March 2024
Geology (2024) 52 (6): 468–472.
Journal Article
Testing the P/S Amplitude Seismic Source Discriminant at Local Distances Using Seismic Events Within and Surrounding the Kloof Gold Mine, South Africa, and the Kiruna Iron Ore Mine, Northern Sweden
Publisher: Seismological Society of America
Published: 01 March 2024
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2024) 114 (4): 2237–2250.
Includes: Supplemental Content
Journal Article
Petrogenesis and tectonic implications of the Bloubergstrand basaltic andesites, Tygerberg Formation, Malmesbury Group, Pan-African Saldania Belt, southwestern Africa
Journal: South African Journal of Geology
Publisher: Geological Society of South Africa
Published: 01 March 2024
South African Journal of Geology (2024) 127 (1): 95–116.
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