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Life in the Cambrian shallows: Exceptionally preserved arthropod and mollusk microfossils from the early Cambrian of Sweden
On the anatomy and structural control of a dyke swarm that fed caldera-forming ignimbrite eruptions
Ultrahigh-resolution shear-wave reflection imaging of vertical-component data in a quick-clay prone to landslide area in southwest Sweden
Abstract The high-pressure–high-temperature Jasmine Field lies 270 km east of Aberdeen in the UK Central North Sea and forms part of Chrysaor’s J-Area. Hydrocarbons were discovered at Jasmine in 2006, in Middle–Late Triassic fluvial sandstones of the Joanne Sandstone Member of the Skagerrak Formation. Appraisal proved a greater than 2000 ft hydrocarbon column and, in 2010, the Jasmine Field development was sanctioned. Five development wells were pre-drilled between 2010 and 2013, and the field was brought on line in November 2013, after which one further appraisal and three additional production wells were drilled. Jasmine infrastructure comprises an accommodation platform and a wellhead platform tied back to a riser platform adjacent to the Judy processing and export facility. Rapid early pressure depletion, a highly layered fluvial reservoir, structural complexity and variable fluid types present significant challenges for both static and dynamic modelling. Following production start-up, acquisition of new post-production reservoir pressure and flow data, and incorporation of allocated well production data, have been used to address these modelling challenges, and to provide encouragement for future infill and near-field exploration drilling opportunities.
Abstract We have studied the rock and palaeomagnetic properties and 14 C dating of a c. 205 m core from Site M0060 (Anholt Loch, BSB1 at Kattegat), recovering clays, (silty) sands and sandy clays. We took 297 8 cc samples at c. 50 cm intervals down-core. χ was measured along with AF demagnetization of the NRM up to 80 mT. ChRM was isolated between 0 and 25 mT. A weak VRM was removed at 5 mT. The intensity shows a positive relationship with χ . At Site M0060 the upper lithologic units (i.e. 0–100 mcd) show inclinations that vary within 10° on either side of the GAD prediction (i.e. +72°). Curie points indicate minerals with temperatures of 360–400, 520, 575 and 610°C. We obtained calibrated 14 C determinations for 15 levels, with the oldest age from 78.87 mbsf to c. 17 940 cal BP. The J , inclination, χ , ARM, SIRM, SIRM/ χ and ARM/ χ palaeomagnetic (i.e. inclination) wave forms results from the top c. 100 mcd correlate well to the deglacial inclination wave forms master curve for Fennoscandia. The best correlation to this curve shows four oscillations of the inclination record of Site M0060 from 11 to 14 ka BP. Shallow negative inclinations are characteristic of the deeper coarse-grained sediments deposited during the rapid wasting of the Fennoscandian ice-sheet.
Regional context and lithotectonic framework of the 1.1–0.9 Ga Sveconorwegian orogen, southwestern Sweden
Abstract The 1.1–0.9 Ga Sveconorwegian orogen in southwestern Scandinavia belongs to the global system of mountain belts established during the assembly of the supercontinent Rodinia. An overall north–south structural trend and five lithotectonic units bounded by crustal-scale shear zones characterize this orogen. In Sweden, the Eastern Segment abuts the orogen's cratonic foreland eastwards and is separated from the Idefjorden terrane westwards by a ductile shear zone, up to 5 km thick, displaying a sinistral transpressive component. These two lithotectonic units differ on the basis of their pre-Sveconorwegian accretionary tectonic evolution, and the timing of Sveconorwegian high-pressure metamorphism, anatexis and polyphase deformation. High-pressure granulites and migmatites formed at c. 1.05–1.02 Ga in the Idefjorden terrane; eclogites, high-pressure granulites and migmatites at c. 0.99–0.95 Ga in the Eastern Segment. Magmatic activity and crustal extension progressed westwards at c. 0.98–0.92 Ga. Prior to or at 0.93–0.91 Ga, greenschist facies shear deformation with top-to-the-foreland movement affected the frontal part of the orogen. Geodynamic uncertainties concern the affinity of the Idefjorden terrane relative to Fennoscandia (Baltica), the character of the Sveconorwegian orogenesis, and the contiguous or non-contiguous nature of the erosional fronts of the late Mesoproterozoic–early Neoproterozoic orogens in Sweden and Canada.
Abstract The Eastern Segment in the Sveconorwegian orogen comprises Paleoproterozoic–Mesoproterozoic magmatic suites, which formed along an active continental margin, and Mesoproterozoic suites emplaced during intracratonic extension. Zn–Pb sulphide and Fe oxide mineralizations in 1.9 Ga metavolcanic rocks form a significant mineral resource cluster in the northeastern part. Deformation and metamorphism under low-pressure (≤5 kbar) and variable-temperature conditions, including anatexis and granulite facies, prevailed during 1.9–1.8 Ga (Svecokarelian) and 1.5–1.4 Ga (Hallandian) accretionary orogenies. Sveconorwegian tectonothermal reworking initiated at c. 0.99–0.98 Ga in structurally lower levels. Crustal shortening, underthrusting with eclogite facies metamorphism (18 kbar), exhumation by eastwards thrusting (D 1 ) during continued shortening and high-pressure granulite (8–12 kbar) to upper amphibolite facies metamorphism prevailed. Anatexis and folding around east–west axial surfaces with west-northwesterly constrictional strain (D 2 ) followed at c. 0.98–0.95 Ga, being consanguineous with crustal extension. Structurally higher levels, northwards and eastwards, consist of high-pressure (10–12 kbar) orthogneisses, not affected by anatexis but also showing polyphase deformation. Sveconorwegian convergence ceased with upright folding along north–south axial surfaces and, in the uppermost frontal part, greenschist facies shearing with top-to-the-foreland normal followed by reverse displacement after 0.95 Ga. The normal shearing detached the upper compartment from the underlying gneisses.
Abstract Crust generated during an accretionary orogeny at 1.66–1.52 Ga (Gothian), and later during crustal extension at c. 1.51–1.49, c. 1.46, c. 1.34–1.30 Ga and after c. 1.33 Ga, dominate the Idefjorden terrane. Metamorphism under greenschist to, locally, high-pressure granulite facies, emplacement of syn-orogenic pegmatite and granite, and polyphase deformation followed at 1.05–1.02 Ga (Agder tectonothermal phase, Sveconorwegian orogeny). Sinistral transpressive deformation, including foreland-directed thrusting, preceded top-to-the-west movement and large-scale open folding along north–south axial trends during the younger orogeny. Crustal extension with emplacement of dolerite and lamprophyre dykes, norite–anorthosite, and a batholithic granite took place at c. 0.95–0.92 Ga (Dalane phase, Sveconorwegian orogeny). Ductile shear zones divide the Idefjorden terrane into segments distinguished by the character of the Gothian crustal component. Orthogneisses with c. 1.66 and c. 1.63–1.59 Ga protoliths occur in the Median segment; c. 1.59–1.52 Ga gneissic intrusive rocks and 1.6 Ga paragneisses with relicts of Gothian deformation and migmatization at c. 1.59 Ga and at c. 1.56–1.55 Ga occur in the Western segment. Mineral resources include stratabound Cu–Fe sulphides hosted by sandstone deposited after c. 1.33 Ga, and polymetallic quartz vein mineralization locally containing Au.
Carboniferous–Neogene tectonic evolution of the Fennoscandian transition zone, southern Sweden
Abstract The Fennoscandian transition zone, including the Sorgenfrei–Tornquist Zone, constitutes the weakened and faulted bedrock between a craton, including the ancient continent Baltica to the north, and the boundary between Baltica and Avalonia along the Trans-European Fault Zone to the south. Early Permian subsidence in this transition zone resulted in the development of various basins and the initiation of a more or less continuous Permian–Paleogene depositional cycle. In southwestern Sweden, magmatic activity associated with transtensional deformation along the Sorgenfrei–Tornquist Zone prevailed during the Late Carboniferous–Permian. However, the transition zone is dominated by a Mesozoic sedimentary rock succession displaying both hiatuses and great lateral variability in composition and thickness, which can be related to several tectonic events including the progressive break-up of Pangaea. Much of the deposition took place in continental, coastal and shallow-marine settings. Early–Middle Jurassic block faulting and basanitic or melanephelinitic volcanism, as well as Late Cretaceous tectonic inversion along the Sorgenfrei–Tornquist Zone, related to a changeover to a predominantly compressive tectonic regime coeval with the Alpine orogeny, significantly influenced the depositional setting. Subsequent Paleogene–Neogene regional uplift of the southwestern margin of Baltica resulted in significant erosion of the bedrock.