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GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Australasia
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Australia
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Western Australia
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Canning Basin (1)
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Canada
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Quebec
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North America
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Western Interior
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Iowa
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Kentucky
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Kenton County Kentucky (4)
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Mason County Kentucky (4)
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Massachusetts
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Missouri River (2)
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New York
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Erie County New York (1)
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New York City New York (1)
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North Carolina
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Ohio
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Brown County Ohio (2)
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Butler County Ohio (6)
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Clermont County Ohio (9)
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Greene County Ohio (1)
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Hamilton County Ohio
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Cincinnati Ohio (33)
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Highland County Ohio (1)
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Montgomery County Ohio (1)
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Warren County Ohio (3)
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Ohio River (7)
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Oklahoma
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Oregon
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Pennsylvania
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Allegheny County Pennsylvania (1)
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Conemaugh River (1)
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Tennessee (1)
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Washington
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West Virginia (4)
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commodities
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brines (1)
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oil and gas fields (2)
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petroleum
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elements, isotopes
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carbon
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C-13/C-12 (3)
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halogens
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bromine
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bromide ion (1)
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isotope ratios (4)
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isotopes
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radioactive isotopes
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Cs-137 (1)
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stable isotopes
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C-13/C-12 (3)
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
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O-18/O-16 (1)
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S-34/S-32 (1)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
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metals
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alkali metals
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cesium
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Cs-137 (1)
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alkaline earth metals
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strontium
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
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iron (1)
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rare earths
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neodymium
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
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oxygen
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O-18/O-16 (1)
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sulfur
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S-34/S-32 (1)
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-
-
fossils
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borings (2)
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burrows (2)
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Chordata
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Vertebrata
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Pisces (1)
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Tetrapoda
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Mammalia
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Theria
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Eutheria
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Perissodactyla
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Hippomorpha
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Equidae (1)
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-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Graptolithina (3)
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ichnofossils
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Rusophycus (1)
-
-
Invertebrata
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Arthropoda
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Mandibulata
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Crustacea
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Ostracoda
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Beyrichicopina (1)
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-
-
-
Trilobitomorpha
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Trilobita
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Ptychopariida
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Cryptolithus (3)
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-
-
-
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Brachiopoda
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Articulata
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Orthida (1)
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Strophomenida
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Sowerbyella (4)
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-
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Inarticulata
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Lingula (1)
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-
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Bryozoa
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Trepostomata (2)
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Cnidaria
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Anthozoa (2)
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Hydrozoa (1)
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Echinodermata
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Asterozoa
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Stelleroidea (1)
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Crinozoa
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Blastoidea (1)
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Crinoidea (12)
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Cystoidea (2)
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Echinozoa
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Edrioasteroidea (1)
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Ophiocistioidea (1)
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Mollusca
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Bivalvia (7)
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Cephalopoda
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Nautiloidea (1)
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Gastropoda (5)
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Monoplacophora (2)
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Vermes
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Annelida (4)
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Polychaeta (1)
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scolecodonts (2)
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microfossils
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Conodonta (3)
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scolecodonts (2)
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palynomorphs
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acritarchs (1)
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geochronology methods
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paleomagnetism (1)
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geologic age
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Cenozoic
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Quaternary
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Holocene
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upper Holocene (1)
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Pleistocene
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lower Pleistocene (1)
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Matuyama Chron (1)
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upper Pleistocene
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Wisconsinan (1)
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-
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Tertiary
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Neogene
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Miocene
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middle Miocene (1)
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Pliocene (1)
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-
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upper Cenozoic (1)
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-
Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Upper Cretaceous (1)
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-
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian
-
Upper Cambrian
-
Copper Ridge Dolomite (2)
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Mount Simon Sandstone (1)
-
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Conemaugh Group (1)
-
-
-
Devonian
-
Middle Devonian (1)
-
Upper Devonian (1)
-
-
Knox Group (2)
-
lower Paleozoic
-
Rose Run Sandstone (1)
-
-
Ordovician
-
Lexington Limestone (1)
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Beekmantown Group (2)
-
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Bromide Formation (1)
-
Decorah Shale (1)
-
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Ashgillian (1)
-
Caradocian (1)
-
Cincinnatian
-
Maysvillian (4)
-
Richmondian (6)
-
-
Edenian (8)
-
Fairview Formation (15)
-
Hirnantian (1)
-
Katian (8)
-
Kope Formation (27)
-
Whitewater Formation (2)
-
-
-
Permian (1)
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian
-
Wenlock (3)
-
-
Middle Silurian
-
Waldron Shale (3)
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-
-
-
minerals
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minerals (1)
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oxides
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hematite (1)
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magnetite (1)
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-
silicates
-
sheet silicates
-
chlorite group
-
chlorite (1)
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-
clay minerals
-
vermiculite (1)
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illite (1)
-
-
-
sulfides (1)
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (1)
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
Western Australia
-
Canning Basin (1)
-
-
-
-
biogeography (4)
-
brines (1)
-
Canada
-
Eastern Canada
-
Quebec
-
Anticosti Island (1)
-
-
-
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (3)
-
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
upper Holocene (1)
-
-
Pleistocene
-
lower Pleistocene (1)
-
Matuyama Chron (1)
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Wisconsinan (1)
-
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
middle Miocene (1)
-
-
Pliocene (1)
-
-
-
upper Cenozoic (1)
-
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Pisces (1)
-
Tetrapoda
-
Mammalia
-
Theria
-
Eutheria
-
Perissodactyla
-
Hippomorpha
-
Equidae (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
clay mineralogy (1)
-
climate change (1)
-
crust (1)
-
crystal growth (1)
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data processing (2)
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deformation (1)
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diagenesis (2)
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earthquakes (1)
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education (1)
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engineering geology (3)
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Europe
-
Baltic region
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Estonia (1)
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Latvia (1)
-
-
Western Europe
-
Scandinavia
-
Sweden (1)
-
-
-
-
fractures (1)
-
geochemistry (3)
-
geomorphology (3)
-
geophysical methods (1)
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glacial geology (3)
-
Graptolithina (3)
-
ground water (3)
-
hydrology (1)
-
ichnofossils
-
Rusophycus (1)
-
-
Invertebrata
-
Arthropoda
-
Mandibulata
-
Crustacea
-
Ostracoda
-
Beyrichicopina (1)
-
-
-
-
Trilobitomorpha
-
Trilobita
-
Ptychopariida
-
Cryptolithus (3)
-
-
-
-
-
Brachiopoda
-
Articulata
-
Orthida (1)
-
Strophomenida
-
Sowerbyella (4)
-
-
-
Inarticulata
-
Lingula (1)
-
-
-
Bryozoa
-
Trepostomata (2)
-
-
Cnidaria
-
Anthozoa (2)
-
Hydrozoa (1)
-
-
Echinodermata
-
Asterozoa
-
Stelleroidea (1)
-
-
Crinozoa
-
Blastoidea (1)
-
Crinoidea (12)
-
Cystoidea (2)
-
-
Echinozoa
-
Edrioasteroidea (1)
-
Ophiocistioidea (1)
-
-
-
Mollusca
-
Bivalvia (7)
-
Cephalopoda
-
Nautiloidea (1)
-
-
Gastropoda (5)
-
Monoplacophora (2)
-
-
Vermes
-
Annelida (4)
-
Polychaeta (1)
-
scolecodonts (2)
-
-
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Cs-137 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (3)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (1)
-
S-34/S-32 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
-
-
land use (1)
-
maps (2)
-
Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
-
Upper Cretaceous (1)
-
-
-
metals
-
alkali metals
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cesium
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Cs-137 (1)
-
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
-
-
iron (1)
-
rare earths
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neodymium
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
-
-
-
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metasomatism (2)
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minerals (1)
-
North America
-
Appalachian Basin (2)
-
Appalachians (1)
-
Mississippi River basin (1)
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Western Interior
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Western Interior Seaway (1)
-
-
-
Oceania
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Melanesia (1)
-
-
oil and gas fields (2)
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oxygen
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O-18/O-16 (1)
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-
Pacific Ocean (1)
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paleobotany (1)
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paleoclimatology (3)
-
paleoecology (25)
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paleogeography (6)
-
paleomagnetism (1)
-
paleontology (14)
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian
-
Upper Cambrian
-
Copper Ridge Dolomite (2)
-
Mount Simon Sandstone (1)
-
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Conemaugh Group (1)
-
-
-
Devonian
-
Middle Devonian (1)
-
Upper Devonian (1)
-
-
Knox Group (2)
-
lower Paleozoic
-
Rose Run Sandstone (1)
-
-
Ordovician
-
Lexington Limestone (1)
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Beekmantown Group (2)
-
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Bromide Formation (1)
-
Decorah Shale (1)
-
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Ashgillian (1)
-
Caradocian (1)
-
Cincinnatian
-
Maysvillian (4)
-
Richmondian (6)
-
-
Edenian (8)
-
Fairview Formation (15)
-
Hirnantian (1)
-
Katian (8)
-
Kope Formation (27)
-
Whitewater Formation (2)
-
-
-
Permian (1)
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian
-
Wenlock (3)
-
-
Middle Silurian
-
Waldron Shale (3)
-
-
-
-
palynomorphs
-
acritarchs (1)
-
-
paragenesis (1)
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petroleum
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natural gas (1)
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pollution (1)
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reclamation (1)
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remote sensing (1)
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sea-level changes (1)
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sedimentary petrology (6)
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sedimentary rocks
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bone beds (1)
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carbonate rocks
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grainstone (1)
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limestone (3)
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clastic rocks
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mudstone (2)
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sandstone (1)
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shale (5)
-
-
-
sedimentary structures
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bedding plane irregularities
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ripple marks (1)
-
-
biogenic structures
-
bioherms (1)
-
bioturbation (1)
-
carbonate banks (1)
-
microbial mats
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cyanobacterial mats (1)
-
-
-
planar bedding structures
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bedding (1)
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rhythmite (1)
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varves (1)
-
-
secondary structures
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concretions (1)
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-
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sedimentation (5)
-
sediments
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clastic sediments
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colluvium (3)
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gravel (1)
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sand (1)
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till (1)
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marine sediments (1)
-
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seismology (1)
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slope stability (5)
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soil mechanics (1)
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soils
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Alfisols (1)
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Solomon Islands (1)
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stratigraphy (7)
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sulfur
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S-34/S-32 (1)
-
-
United States
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Arizona
-
Pima County Arizona
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Tucson Arizona (1)
-
-
-
Arkansas (1)
-
California
-
Los Angeles County California
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Pasadena California (1)
-
-
Orange County California (1)
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San Francisco Bay region (1)
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San Mateo County California (1)
-
-
Cincinnati Arch (12)
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Illinois (1)
-
Indiana
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Bartholomew County Indiana (2)
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Clark County Indiana (1)
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Dearborn County Indiana (8)
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Decatur County Indiana (2)
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Franklin County Indiana (3)
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Jefferson County Indiana (5)
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Jennings County Indiana (4)
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Ripley County Indiana (3)
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Rush County Indiana (1)
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Scott County Indiana (1)
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Shelby County Indiana (2)
-
Switzerland County Indiana (2)
-
-
Iowa
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Clinton County Iowa (1)
-
Floyd County Iowa (1)
-
-
Kentucky
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Boone County Kentucky (9)
-
Boyle County Kentucky (1)
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Bracken County Kentucky (7)
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Campbell County Kentucky (9)
-
Franklin County Kentucky (1)
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Gallatin County Kentucky (1)
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Grant County Kentucky (1)
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Jefferson County Kentucky
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Louisville Kentucky (1)
-
-
Kenton County Kentucky (4)
-
Mason County Kentucky (4)
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Pendleton County Kentucky (2)
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Trimble County Kentucky (3)
-
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Massachusetts
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Middlesex County Massachusetts (1)
-
-
Midcontinent (2)
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Midwest (2)
-
Minnesota
-
Hennepin County Minnesota
-
Minneapolis Minnesota (1)
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-
-
Mississippi (1)
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Mississippi River (3)
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Mississippi Valley (1)
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Missouri
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Saint Louis County Missouri
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Saint Louis Missouri (2)
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Missouri River (2)
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Montana (1)
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New Madrid region (2)
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New York
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Erie County New York (1)
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New York City New York (1)
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North Carolina
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Beaufort County North Carolina (1)
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Ohio
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Brown County Ohio (2)
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Butler County Ohio (6)
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Clermont County Ohio (9)
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Greene County Ohio (1)
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Cincinnati Ohio (33)
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Highland County Ohio (1)
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Ohio River (7)
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Oregon
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Pennsylvania
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West Virginia (4)
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sedimentary rocks
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sedimentary rocks
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bone beds (1)
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carbonate rocks
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grainstone (1)
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limestone (3)
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clastic rocks
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mudstone (2)
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sandstone (1)
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shale (5)
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shell beds (3)
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siliciclastics (2)
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sedimentary structures
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borings (2)
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burrows (2)
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sedimentary structures
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bedding plane irregularities
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ripple marks (1)
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biogenic structures
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bioherms (1)
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bioturbation (1)
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carbonate banks (1)
-
microbial mats
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cyanobacterial mats (1)
-
-
-
planar bedding structures
-
bedding (1)
-
rhythmite (1)
-
varves (1)
-
-
secondary structures
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concretions (1)
-
-
-
-
sediments
-
sediments
-
clastic sediments
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colluvium (3)
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gravel (1)
-
sand (1)
-
till (1)
-
-
marine sediments (1)
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shell beds (3)
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siliciclastics (2)
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tempestite (1)
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soils
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soils
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Alfisols (1)
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
Insights for modern invasion ecology from biotic changes of the Clarksville Phase of the Richmondian Invasion (Ordovician, Katian) Open Access
Measuring ground surface elevation changes in a slow-moving colluvial landslide using combinations of regional airborne lidar, UAV lidar and UAV photogrammetric surveys Open Access
A possible Laurentian volchoviid ophiocistioid from the Katian of southwestern Ohio Available to Purchase
Oriostoma (Gastropoda) with an in situ operculum from the Silurian of Indiana Available to Purchase
Factors Contributing to Landslide Susceptibility of the Kope Formation, Cincinnati, Ohio Available to Purchase
Symbiotic embedment structures in Silurian Caryocrinites (Echinodermata, Rhombifera, Hemicosmitida) Available to Purchase
Comparisons of Late Ordovician ecosystem dynamics before and after the Richmondian invasion reveal consequences of invasive species in benthic marine paleocommunities Open Access
Remarkable preservation of shell microstructures from the Late Ordovician of the Cincinnati Arch region, USA, and the success of nacre among Ordovician mollusks Available to Purchase
Radiogenic fingerprinting reveals anthropogenic and buffering controls on sediment dynamics of the Mississippi River system Open Access
EXCEPTIONAL PYRITIZED CYANOBACTERIAL MATS ENCRUSTING BRACHIOPOD SHELLS FROM THE UPPER ORDOVICIAN (KATIAN) OF THE CINCINNATI, OHIO, REGION Available to Purchase
INVERTED TRILOBITES: KEY TO COMPLEX PRESERVATION OF AN ORGANICALLY TEXTURED SURFACE IN OFFSHORE SILICICLASTIC MUDSTONE AND CARBONATE FACIES: KOPE FORMATION (UPPER ORDOVICIAN), KENTON COUNTY, KENTUCKY, USA Available to Purchase
Intracolony variation in colony morphology in reassembled fossil ramose stenolaemate bryozoans from the Upper Ordovician (Katian) of the Cincinnati Arch region, USA Available to Purchase
GIANTS AMONG MICROMORPHS: WERE CINCINNATIAN (ORDOVICIAN, KATIAN) SMALL SHELLY PHOSPHATIC FAUNAS DWARFED? Available to Purchase
PaleoENM: applying ecological niche modeling to the fossil record Available to Purchase
A PALEOECOLOGIC COMPARISON OF TWO EDRIOASTEROID (ECHINODERMATA) ENCRUSTED PAVEMENTS FROM THE UPPER ORDOVICIAN CORRYVILLE FORMATION OF FLORENCE, KENTUCKY AND THE MIAMITOWN SHALE OF SHARONVILLE, OHIO, U.S.A Available to Purchase
Diploporite (Echinodermata, Blastozoa) Thecal Attachment Structures from the Silurian of Southeastern Indiana Available to Purchase
Controls on niche stability in geologic time: congruent responses to biotic and abiotic environmental changes among Cincinnatian (Late Ordovician) marine invertebrates Available to Purchase
THE “CURSE OF RAFINESQUINA :” NEGATIVE TAPHONOMIC FEEDBACK EXERTED BY STROPHOMENID SHELLS ON STORM-BURIED LINGULIDS IN THE CINCINNATIAN SERIES (KATIAN, ORDOVICIAN) OF OHIO Available to Purchase
LNAPL Removal from Unsaturated Porous Media Using Surfactant Infiltration Available to Purchase
Ordovician Knox Carbonates and Sandstones of the Eastern Mid-continent: Potential Geologic Carbon Storage Reservoirs and Seals Available to Purchase
Abstract In response to rising concerns about atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) levels and likely regulations on emissions, investigations into geologic carbon storage options across the United States are underway. In the Midwest, Cambrian sandstones are major targets for potential geologic carbon storage. In some localities, the overlying Cambrian–Ordovician Knox Group is also being investigated as a possible target for primary and secondary storage of CO 2 . The thick dolomitic succession contains intervals that may function as both reservoirs and seals. Gas storage fields in Knox carbonates in Kentucky and Indiana demonstrate that methane can be safely stored in paleotopographic highs along the Knox unconformity surface. Numerous injection wells have also been completed in the Knox Group for brine disposal. More significantly, at least seven class 1 injection wells have used the Knox as all or part of a storage reservoir for industrial wastes. Many of these wells have injected millions of gallons of liquid waste annually into Knox reservoirs. The relative scale of these injection operations can be used to estimate the types and sizes of potential reservoirs within the Knox succession in the Midwest. Specific data on the Knox interval relative to its carbon storage and confining potential are currently being collected from wells drilled as part of U.S. Department of Energy administered carbon storage projects, as well as state-administered carbon storage programs. In this chapter, initial results of carbon storage tests are summarized from the Battelle 1 Duke Energy well, Kentucky Geological Survey 1 Blan well, Battelle-American Electric Power (AEP) 1 Mountaineer well, and Battelle-Ohio Geological Survey 1 CO 2 well. The AEP Mountaineer Power Plant will host the nation’s first commercially integrated carbon capture and geologic storage project, and the storage reservoirs will be in the Knox Group. Because the Knox Group is widespread at depth across much of the Midwest, it will be an important part of sequestration programs as confining interval and reservoir.