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GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Africa
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East Africa
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South Africa
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Transvaal region (4)
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Swaziland (1)
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Batchawana Bay (2)
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Hemlo Deposit (3)
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Nunavut
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Western Canada
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Northwest Territories
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Saskatchewan (8)
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Commonwealth of Independent States
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Kyrgyzstan (1)
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Russian Federation
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Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation
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Norilsk region (5)
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Murmansk Russian Federation
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Popigay Structure (1)
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developing countries (1)
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Europe
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Murmansk Russian Federation
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United Kingdom
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Indian Ocean
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Indian Ocean Islands
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Mexico
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North America
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Appalachians
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Canadian Shield
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metals
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magnesium
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Mg-26/Mg-24 (1)
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radium (1)
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strontium
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (14)
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aluminum (5)
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Hf-177/Hf-176 (2)
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indium (1)
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ferrous iron (4)
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lead
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (8)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (9)
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Pb-207/Pb-206 (3)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (8)
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Pb-208/Pb-206 (2)
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Pb-210 (2)
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Os-188/Os-187 (4)
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Re-187/Os-188 (2)
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (19)
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (3)
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samarium
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (3)
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Re-187/Os-188 (2)
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silver (27)
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nitrogen
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N-15/N-14 (3)
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helium
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He-4/He-3 (2)
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neon (1)
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oxygen
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dissolved oxygen (1)
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O-18 (2)
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O-18/O-16 (75)
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phosphorus (5)
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S-34/S-32 (24)
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trace metals (5)
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Chordata
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Pisces (2)
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Mammalia
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Pinnipedia (1)
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Proboscidea
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cyanobacteria (2)
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Graptolithina
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Invertebrata
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Arthropoda
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Mandibulata
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Ostracoda (13)
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Insecta
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Pterygota
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Trilobitomorpha
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Ptychopariida
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Brachiopoda
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Articulata
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Bryozoa
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Cnidaria
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Rugosa (2)
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Echinodermata
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Crinozoa
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Nautiloidea (1)
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Vermes
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Metazoa (2)
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Plantae
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Musci
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Spermatophyta
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problematic fossils (5)
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geochronology methods
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Ar/Ar (20)
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geologic age
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Cenozoic
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Leda Clay (3)
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Quaternary
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Pleistocene
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Champlain Sea (5)
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upper Pleistocene
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upper Quaternary (5)
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Tertiary
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Neogene
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Paleogene
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Eocene
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upper Eocene (1)
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Laurentide ice sheet (7)
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Lower Cretaceous
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Albian
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upper Albian (1)
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Aptian (1)
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Mowry Shale (1)
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Middle Cretaceous (1)
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Upper Cretaceous
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Belle Fourche Shale (1)
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Cardium Formation (1)
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Cenomanian
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lower Cenomanian (1)
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Turonian
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lower Turonian (1)
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Triassic (2)
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Paleozoic
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Cambrian
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Upper Cambrian
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Potsdam Sandstone (3)
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Carboniferous
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Mississippian
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Lower Mississippian
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Kinderhookian
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Banff Formation (1)
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Pennsylvanian
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Middle Pennsylvanian
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Moscovian (1)
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Upper Carboniferous (1)
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Devonian
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Emsian (7)
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Oriskany Sandstone (1)
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Middle Devonian
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Columbus Limestone (1)
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Detroit River Group (7)
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Dundee Limestone (2)
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Eifelian (3)
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Givetian (3)
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Hamilton Group (8)
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Ludlowville Formation (1)
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Marcellus Shale (1)
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Moscow Formation (1)
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Onondaga Limestone (2)
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Traverse Group (2)
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Upper Devonian
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Famennian (2)
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Frasnian (4)
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Ohio Shale (1)
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-
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Ellis Bay Formation (1)
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lower Paleozoic
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Rose Run Sandstone (1)
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Ordovician
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Gull River Formation (2)
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Lower Ordovician
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Beekmantown Group (4)
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Tremadocian (1)
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Middle Ordovician
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Black River Group (7)
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Blackriverian (1)
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Champlainian (1)
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Cloridorme Formation (1)
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Decorah Shale (1)
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Dolgeville Formation (1)
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Galena Dolomite (2)
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Trenton Group (8)
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Upper Ordovician
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Ashgillian (5)
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Cincinnatian
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Maysvillian (1)
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Edenian (1)
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Katian (2)
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Maquoketa Formation (1)
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Mohawkian (2)
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Queenston Shale (1)
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Sandbian (1)
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Trentonian (8)
-
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Utica Shale (4)
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Permian (1)
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Silurian
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Lockport Formation (7)
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Lower Silurian
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Grimsby Sandstone (4)
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Llandovery (3)
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Tuscarora Formation (1)
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Wenlock (3)
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Whirlpool Sandstone (4)
-
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Middle Silurian
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Clinton Group (3)
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Guelph Formation (1)
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Rochester Formation (1)
-
-
Niagaran (10)
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Upper Silurian
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Ludlow (1)
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Salina Group (4)
-
-
-
upper Paleozoic
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Antrim Shale (2)
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Phanerozoic (6)
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Precambrian
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Adirondack Anorthosite (1)
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Animikie Group (5)
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Archean
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Blake River Group (44)
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Blondeau Formation (1)
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Gilman Formation (3)
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J-M Reef (1)
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Neoarchean (65)
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Opemisca Group (2)
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Roy Group (2)
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Timiskaming Group (20)
-
-
Biwabik Iron Formation (2)
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Espanola Formation (8)
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Flinton Group (3)
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Gunflint Iron Formation (16)
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Hadean (3)
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Levack Gneiss (6)
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Lewisian Complex (1)
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middle Precambrian (4)
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Nipissing Diabase (31)
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Osler Series (1)
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Sokoman Formation (2)
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Stillwater Complex (4)
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Transvaal Supergroup (1)
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upper Precambrian
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Proterozoic
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Bitter Springs Formation (1)
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Great Oxidation Event (1)
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Huronian
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Gowganda Formation (20)
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Onaping Formation (11)
-
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Keweenawan (9)
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Lorrain Formation (1)
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Mesoproterozoic
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Helikian
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Neohelikian (1)
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-
-
Negaunee Iron Formation (1)
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Neoproterozoic (5)
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Paleoproterozoic
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Aphebian (9)
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Birimian (1)
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Chelmsford Formation (3)
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Cobalt Group (5)
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Marquette Range Supergroup (1)
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Virginia Formation (1)
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Whitewater Group (6)
-
-
-
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Witwatersrand Supergroup (1)
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-
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igneous rocks
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extrusive rocks (1)
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igneous rocks
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carbonatites (21)
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kimberlite (20)
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picrite (5)
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plutonic rocks
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anorthosite (19)
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diabase
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olivine diabase (1)
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diorites
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tonalite (21)
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trondhjemite (14)
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essexite (1)
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olivine gabbro (2)
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troctolite (1)
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granites
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aplite (2)
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S-type granites (2)
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two-mica granite (1)
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granodiorites (15)
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ijolite (1)
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lamprophyres
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minette (1)
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monchiquite (1)
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spessartite (1)
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monzodiorite (2)
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monzonites (5)
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pegmatite (25)
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quartz monzonite (4)
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syenites
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alkali syenites (1)
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nepheline syenite (3)
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pulaskite (1)
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quartz syenite (2)
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syenodiorite (1)
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hornblendite (1)
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dunite (3)
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eulysite (1)
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harzburgite (3)
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spinel lherzolite (1)
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pyroxenite (9)
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porphyry (15)
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volcanic rocks
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adakites (2)
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andesites (12)
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basalts
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flood basalts (2)
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mid-ocean ridge basalts (4)
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olivine tholeiite (1)
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shoshonite (3)
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tholeiite (4)
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tholeiitic basalt (3)
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dacites (6)
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glasses (1)
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pyroclastics
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ash-flow tuff (1)
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welded tuff (1)
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rhyodacites (1)
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rhyolites (35)
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trachytes (3)
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wehrlite (2)
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metamorphic rocks
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K-bentonite (2)
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amphibolites (14)
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gneisses
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granite gneiss (5)
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orthogneiss (7)
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paragneiss (5)
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tonalite gneiss (3)
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granulites (17)
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hornfels (1)
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impactites
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impact breccia (3)
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marbles (7)
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metaigneous rocks
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meta-andesite (3)
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metabasalt (5)
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metagabbro (9)
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metaplutonic rocks (20)
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metasomatic rocks
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serpentinite (6)
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skarn (9)
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metavolcanic rocks (88)
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quartzites (9)
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schists
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greenschist (5)
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slates (7)
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turbidite (8)
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meteorites
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meteorites
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stony meteorites
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achondrites
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Martian meteorites
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SNC Meteorites
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nakhlite (1)
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-
-
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chondrites
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ordinary chondrites (1)
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-
-
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minerals
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alloys
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awaruite (1)
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electrum (4)
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niggliite (3)
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antimonides (2)
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arsenates
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scorodite (1)
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arsenides
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arsenopyrite (4)
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cobaltite (4)
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gersdorffite (2)
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maucherite (2)
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pararammelsbergite (2)
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rammelsbergite (1)
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safflorite (1)
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skutterudite (2)
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sperrylite (4)
-
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bismuthides
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froodite (6)
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michenerite (7)
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carbonates
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bastnaesite (2)
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calcite (10)
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cancrinite (1)
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cerussite (1)
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dawsonite (1)
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dolomite (10)
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magnesite (1)
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siderite (3)
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-
halides
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chlorides
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eudialyte (2)
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halite (3)
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sylvite (1)
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-
fluorides
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bastnaesite (2)
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clinohumite (1)
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topaz (1)
-
-
-
K-bentonite (2)
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metabentonite (1)
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minerals (109)
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native elements
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diamond (5)
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oxides
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baddeleyite (12)
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chrome spinel (2)
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hydroxides
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iron hydroxides (4)
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ilmenite (6)
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iron oxides (7)
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pyrochlore (1)
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perovskite (4)
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rutile (12)
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spinel (8)
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tantalates
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tantalite (1)
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wodginite (2)
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thorianite (1)
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uraninite (4)
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valentinite (1)
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phosphates
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chain silicates
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aenigmatite group
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amphibole group
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clinoamphibole
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actinolite (6)
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cummingtonite (2)
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hornblende (14)
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pargasite (1)
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riebeckite (3)
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tremolite (2)
-
-
-
pyroxene group
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clinopyroxene
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aegirine (1)
-
augite (4)
-
diopside (4)
-
pigeonite (3)
-
-
orthopyroxene
-
enstatite (1)
-
hypersthene (3)
-
-
-
-
framework silicates
-
cancrinite (1)
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
K-feldspar (10)
-
perthite (4)
-
-
plagioclase
-
albite (10)
-
-
-
leucite (1)
-
nepheline group
-
nepheline (5)
-
-
pseudoleucite (1)
-
scapolite group
-
scapolite (2)
-
-
silica minerals
-
quartz (37)
-
-
zeolite group
-
pollucite (2)
-
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
andalusite (1)
-
chloritoid (2)
-
clinohumite (1)
-
cyrtolite (1)
-
datolite group
-
gadolinite (1)
-
-
dumortierite (1)
-
garnet group
-
almandine (4)
-
andradite (3)
-
grossular (2)
-
hydrogarnet
-
hibschite (1)
-
-
melanite (1)
-
pyrope (6)
-
uvarovite (1)
-
vanadium garnet (1)
-
-
olivine group
-
forsterite (1)
-
olivine (13)
-
peridot (1)
-
-
phenakite group
-
eucryptite (1)
-
willemite (1)
-
-
staurolite (2)
-
titanite group
-
titanite (27)
-
-
topaz (1)
-
zircon group
-
thorite (1)
-
zircon (92)
-
-
-
sorosilicates
-
epidote group
-
allanite (2)
-
epidote (7)
-
piemontite (1)
-
zoisite (1)
-
-
melilite group
-
melilite (1)
-
-
-
-
ring silicates
-
aquamarine (1)
-
beryl (2)
-
cordierite (1)
-
emerald (2)
-
eudialyte (2)
-
milarite group
-
osumilite (1)
-
-
tourmaline group
-
dravite (1)
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
chlorite group
-
chamosite (2)
-
chlorite (14)
-
clinochlore (1)
-
-
clay minerals
-
smectite (3)
-
vermiculite (3)
-
-
corrensite (1)
-
gyrolite (1)
-
illite (2)
-
mica group
-
biotite (24)
-
celadonite (1)
-
fuchsite (2)
-
glauconite (3)
-
muscovite (8)
-
phlogopite (7)
-
-
petalite (2)
-
pyrophyllite (1)
-
sericite (5)
-
serpentine group
-
antigorite (1)
-
berthierine (2)
-
chrysotile (3)
-
lizardite (2)
-
serpentine (2)
-
-
stilpnomelane (2)
-
talc (4)
-
-
-
sulfates
-
anglesite (1)
-
anhydrite (3)
-
barite (3)
-
celestine (2)
-
epsomite (1)
-
gypsum (2)
-
jarosite (3)
-
melanterite (1)
-
rozenite (1)
-
schwertmannite (1)
-
-
sulfides
-
aikinite (1)
-
arsenopyrite (4)
-
bismuthinite (1)
-
bohdanowiczite (1)
-
bornite (4)
-
cattierite (1)
-
chalcopyrite (18)
-
cobaltite (4)
-
copper sulfides (2)
-
covellite (1)
-
cubanite (4)
-
galena (11)
-
gersdorffite (2)
-
greigite (2)
-
gudmundite (1)
-
heazlewoodite (2)
-
iron sulfides (2)
-
linnaeite (1)
-
marcasite (1)
-
millerite (3)
-
molybdenite (10)
-
nickel sulfides (4)
-
pentlandite (16)
-
pyrite (36)
-
pyrrhotite (30)
-
siegenite (1)
-
smythite (2)
-
sphalerite (10)
-
vaesite (1)
-
violarite (2)
-
-
sulfosalts
-
sulfantimonites
-
meneghinite (1)
-
polybasite (1)
-
stephanite (2)
-
-
sulfarsenites
-
pearceite (2)
-
proustite (1)
-
tennantite (2)
-
-
sulfobismuthites
-
matildite (1)
-
-
sulfostannates
-
stannite (1)
-
-
-
tellurides
-
hessite (2)
-
-
tungstates
-
scheelite (4)
-
-
uranium minerals (1)
-
wehrlite (2)
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (219)
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Africa
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Central Africa
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East Africa
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Malawi (1)
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North Africa
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Egypt
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Morocco
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Nubian Shield (1)
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Southern Africa
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Barberton greenstone belt (1)
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Botswana (3)
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Namibia
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Karibib Namibia (1)
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South Africa
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Bushveld Complex (4)
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Free State South Africa
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Vredefort Dome (1)
-
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Merensky Reef (3)
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Transvaal region (4)
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Swaziland (1)
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Zimbabwe
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West Africa
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Arctic region
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asbestos deposits (1)
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Asia
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Central Asia
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Far East
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China
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Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
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-
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Kyrgyzstan (1)
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Middle East
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Popigay Structure (1)
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asteroids (1)
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Atlantic Ocean
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TAG hydrothermal field (1)
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North Atlantic
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Gulf of Mexico (2)
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Scotian Shelf (2)
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TAG hydrothermal field (1)
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Atlantic Ocean Islands
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-
-
atmosphere (7)
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Australasia
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Australia
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Western Australia
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Yilgarn Craton (2)
-
-
-
Papua New Guinea (1)
-
-
bacteria
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Desulfovibrio (1)
-
-
barite deposits (2)
-
bibliography (9)
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bitumens (6)
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boron (3)
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brines (11)
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Canada
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Maritime Provinces
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New Brunswick
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Gloucester County New Brunswick
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Bathurst mining district (2)
-
Bathurst New Brunswick (1)
-
-
-
Nova Scotia (8)
-
Prince Edward Island (2)
-
-
Matachewan dike swarm (9)
-
Newfoundland and Labrador
-
Labrador (9)
-
Newfoundland
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Buchans Newfoundland and Labrador (1)
-
-
-
Ontario
-
Algoma District Ontario
-
Blind River Ontario (11)
-
Elliot Lake Ontario (30)
-
Mamainse Point (6)
-
Quirke Lake (3)
-
Sault Sainte Marie Ontario (3)
-
Wawa Ontario (17)
-
-
Batchawana Bay (2)
-
Cochrane District Ontario
-
Abitibi Ontario (2)
-
Kidd Creek Mine (22)
-
Matheson Ontario (9)
-
Timmins Ontario (66)
-
-
Coldwell Complex (1)
-
Flack Lake (1)
-
Gowganda Ontario (26)
-
Hastings County Ontario
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Marmora Ontario (1)
-
-
Hemlo Deposit (3)
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Kenora District Ontario
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Attawapiskat Ontario (1)
-
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Larder Lake District Ontario (7)
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Manitoulin District Ontario
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Manitoulin Island (1)
-
-
Moose River basin (3)
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Nipissing District Ontario
-
Brent Crater (6)
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North Bay Ontario (2)
-
-
Ottawa Ontario (3)
-
Renfrew County Ontario
-
Chalk River Ontario (5)
-
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Russell County Ontario (1)
-
Strathcona Mine (11)
-
Sudbury Basin (26)
-
Sudbury District Ontario (76)
-
Sudbury igneous complex (70)
-
Sudbury Ontario (29)
-
Sudbury Structure (74)
-
Temagami Mine (3)
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Thunder Bay District Ontario
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Manitouwadge Ontario (1)
-
Thunder Bay Ontario (1)
-
-
Timiskaming District Ontario
-
Cobalt Ontario (51)
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Kirkland Lake Ontario (36)
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New Liskeard Ontario (1)
-
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Toronto Ontario (1)
-
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Ottawa Valley (11)
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Quebec
-
Abitibi County Quebec
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Chibougamau Quebec (38)
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Val d'Or Quebec (50)
-
-
Anticosti Island (1)
-
Charlevoix (3)
-
Dore Lake Complex (3)
-
Gaspe Peninsula (3)
-
Gatineau County Quebec (2)
-
Gatineau Valley (1)
-
Horne Mine (22)
-
Labelle County Quebec (2)
-
Manicouagan Crater (1)
-
Manicouagan River (1)
-
Matagami (28)
-
Monteregian Hills (1)
-
Montreal and Jesus Islands County Quebec
-
Montreal Quebec (3)
-
-
Morin Complex (8)
-
New Quebec Crater (1)
-
Noranda Quebec (110)
-
Pontiac County Quebec (5)
-
Saguenay Valley (1)
-
Saint Lawrence Estuary (1)
-
Sigma Mine (16)
-
Temiscamingue County Quebec
-
Kipawa Lake (3)
-
Rouyn Quebec (43)
-
-
-
-
Elzevir Terrane (4)
-
Hudson Bay (6)
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Hudson Bay Lowlands (9)
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Labrador Trough (2)
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North Saskatchewan River (1)
-
Nunavut
-
Baffin Island (5)
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-
Ellesmere Island (2)
-
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Queen Elizabeth Islands
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Ellesmere Island (2)
-
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Western Canada
-
Alberta (11)
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Athabasca Basin (2)
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British Columbia
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-
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Canadian Cordillera (2)
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Manitoba
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Bernic Lake (1)
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-
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-
Nelson River (1)
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Snow Lake Manitoba (1)
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Thompson nickel belt (2)
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-
Northwest Territories
-
Ekati Mine (1)
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Great Bear Lake (1)
-
Lac de Gras (2)
-
Mackenzie Delta (1)
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Pine Point mining district (1)
-
Yellowknife Northwest Territories (1)
-
-
Saskatchewan (8)
-
Yukon Territory (4)
-
-
-
carbon
-
C-13 (1)
-
C-13/C-12 (39)
-
C-14 (17)
-
organic carbon (7)
-
-
Cenozoic
-
Leda Clay (3)
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
lower Holocene (5)
-
Preboreal (1)
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upper Holocene (2)
-
-
Pleistocene
-
Champlain Sea (5)
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Lake Agassiz (3)
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Lake Algonquin (5)
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upper Pleistocene
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Lake Iroquois (1)
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Sangamonian (1)
-
Wisconsinan
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upper Wisconsinan (4)
-
-
-
-
upper Quaternary (5)
-
-
Tertiary
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Neogene
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Miocene (1)
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Pliocene (1)
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-
Paleogene
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Eocene
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upper Eocene (1)
-
-
-
-
-
ceramic materials (1)
-
chemical analysis (29)
-
Chordata
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Vertebrata
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Agnatha
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Heterostraci (1)
-
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Pisces (2)
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Tetrapoda
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Amphibia
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Labyrinthodontia (1)
-
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Mammalia
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Theria
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Eutheria
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Artiodactyla (1)
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Carnivora
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Fissipeda
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Ursidae
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Ursus (1)
-
-
-
Pinnipedia (1)
-
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Proboscidea
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Mastodontoidea (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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clay mineralogy (11)
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conservation (1)
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continental drift (4)
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Earth (4)
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Europe
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Central Europe
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Harz Mountains
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Lower Saxony Germany
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Rammelsberg (1)
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Rhineland-Palatinate Germany (1)
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Saxony-Anhalt Germany
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Mansfeld Syncline (1)
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Thuringia Germany (2)
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Murmansk Russian Federation
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Kola Peninsula (2)
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Southern Europe
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Spain
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Italy
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Western Europe
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United Kingdom
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Graptolithina
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Graptoloidea
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Diplograptina (1)
-
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Tuboidea (1)
-
-
ground water (28)
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heavy mineral deposits (1)
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Hemichordata (1)
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hydrogen
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D/H (18)
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-
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hydrogeology (14)
-
hydrology (18)
-
ichnofossils
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Skolithos (1)
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Trypanites (1)
-
-
igneous rocks
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carbonatites (21)
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hypabyssal rocks (3)
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kimberlite (20)
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peperite (1)
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picrite (5)
-
plutonic rocks
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anorthosite (19)
-
diabase
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olivine diabase (1)
-
-
diorites
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-
quartz diorites (11)
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tonalite (21)
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trondhjemite (14)
-
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essexite (1)
-
gabbros
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alkali gabbros (1)
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norite (26)
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olivine gabbro (2)
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troctolite (1)
-
-
granites
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aplite (2)
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charnockite (2)
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leucogranite (1)
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microgranite (1)
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micropegmatite (4)
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-
S-type granites (2)
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two-mica granite (1)
-
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granodiorites (15)
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ijolite (1)
-
lamprophyres
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minette (1)
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-
-
monzodiorite (2)
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pegmatite (25)
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quartz monzonite (4)
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syenites
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nepheline syenite (3)
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pulaskite (1)
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quartz syenite (2)
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syenodiorite (1)
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ultramafics
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peridotites
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dunite (3)
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harzburgite (3)
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lherzolite (1)
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spinel lherzolite (1)
-
-
pyroxenite (9)
-
-
-
porphyry (15)
-
volcanic rocks
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andesites (12)
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basalts
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flood basalts (2)
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mid-ocean ridge basalts (4)
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tholeiitic basalt (3)
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dacites (6)
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glasses (1)
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komatiite (37)
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pyroclastics
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ash-flow tuff (1)
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welded tuff (1)
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rhyodacites (1)
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trachytes (3)
-
-
-
inclusions
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fluid inclusions (54)
-
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Indian Ocean
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Red Sea
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Atlantis II Deep (1)
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-
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Indian Ocean Islands
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Madagascar (2)
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intrusions (353)
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Invertebrata
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Arthropoda
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Chelicerata
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Arachnida (1)
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Merostomata
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Eurypterida (2)
-
-
-
Mandibulata
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Crustacea
-
Ostracoda (13)
-
-
Insecta
-
Pterygota
-
Neoptera
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Endopterygota
-
Coleoptera (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Trilobitomorpha
-
Trilobita
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Lichida (1)
-
Phacopida
-
Phacopina
-
Phacops (1)
-
-
-
Ptychopariida
-
Proetidae (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Brachiopoda
-
Articulata
-
Pentamerida (2)
-
Spiriferida (1)
-
-
-
Bryozoa
-
Trepostomata (1)
-
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Cnidaria
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Rugosa (2)
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Tabulata
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Echinodermata
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Crinozoa
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Crinoidea (10)
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Mollusca
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Cephalopoda
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Anarcestida (1)
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Goniatitida
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Nautiloidea (1)
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Gastropoda (4)
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Porifera
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Protista
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Foraminifera (3)
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Thecamoeba (3)
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Vermes
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Polychaeta (1)
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isostasy (4)
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isotopes
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radioactive isotopes
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C-14 (17)
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Cs-137 (1)
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (8)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (9)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (8)
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Pb-210 (2)
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Re-187/Os-188 (2)
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Rn-222 (1)
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (3)
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tritium (3)
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stable isotopes
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C-13 (1)
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C-13/C-12 (39)
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D/H (18)
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deuterium (9)
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He-4/He-3 (2)
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Hf-177/Hf-176 (2)
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Mg-26/Mg-24 (1)
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N-15/N-14 (3)
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (19)
-
O-18 (2)
-
O-18/O-16 (75)
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Os-188/Os-187 (4)
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (8)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (9)
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Pb-207/Pb-206 (3)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (8)
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Pb-208/Pb-206 (2)
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Re-187/Os-188 (2)
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S-33 (1)
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S-33/S-32 (5)
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S-34 (3)
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S-34/S-32 (24)
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S-36 (1)
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (3)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (14)
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lava (43)
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lineation (21)
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magmas (148)
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mantle (33)
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maps (43)
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mathematical geology (2)
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Lower Cretaceous
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Albian
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upper Albian (1)
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Aptian (1)
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Mowry Shale (1)
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Middle Cretaceous (1)
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Upper Cretaceous
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Belle Fourche Shale (1)
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Cardium Formation (1)
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Cenomanian
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lower Cenomanian (1)
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Turonian
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lower Turonian (1)
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Triassic (2)
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metal ores
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mercury ores (3)
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rhodium ores (1)
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ruthenium ores (2)
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silver ores (72)
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uranium ores (14)
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vanadium ores (1)
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zinc ores (94)
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metals
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actinides
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thorium (13)
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uranium (21)
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alkali metals
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cesium
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Cs-137 (1)
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lithium (4)
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potassium (12)
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rubidium (4)
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sodium (2)
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alkaline earth metals
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barium (4)
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beryllium (1)
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calcium (3)
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magnesium
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Mg-26/Mg-24 (1)
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radium (1)
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strontium
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (14)
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-
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aluminum (5)
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antimony (2)
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arsenic (7)
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bismuth (3)
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cadmium (2)
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chromium (4)
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cobalt (6)
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copper (26)
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gallium (1)
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gold (46)
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hafnium
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Hf-177/Hf-176 (2)
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indium (1)
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iron
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ferric iron (4)
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ferrous iron (4)
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lead
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (8)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (9)
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Pb-207/Pb-206 (3)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (8)
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Pb-208/Pb-206 (2)
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Pb-210 (2)
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manganese (3)
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mercury (5)
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molybdenum (1)
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nickel (33)
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niobium (5)
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platinum group
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iridium (5)
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iridium ores (2)
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osmium
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Os-188/Os-187 (4)
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Re-187/Os-188 (2)
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osmium ores (2)
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palladium (10)
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palladium ores (6)
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platinum (11)
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platinum ores (67)
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rhodium (2)
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rhodium ores (1)
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ruthenium (1)
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ruthenium ores (2)
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precious metals (16)
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rare earths
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europium (1)
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lanthanum (2)
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lutetium (2)
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neodymium
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (19)
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (3)
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samarium
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (3)
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ytterbium (2)
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yttrium (3)
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rhenium
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Re-187/Os-188 (2)
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silver (27)
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tantalum (1)
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thallium (1)
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tin (1)
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titanium (8)
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tungsten (1)
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vanadium (4)
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zinc (13)
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zirconium (10)
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metamorphic rocks
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amphibolites (14)
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cataclasites (1)
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eclogite (3)
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garnetite (1)
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gneisses
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granite gneiss (5)
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orthogneiss (7)
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paragneiss (5)
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tonalite gneiss (3)
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granulites (17)
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hornfels (1)
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impactites
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impact breccia (3)
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marbles (7)
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metaigneous rocks
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meta-andesite (3)
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metabasalt (5)
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metabasite (2)
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metadiabase (2)
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metadiorite (3)
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metagabbro (9)
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metagranite (6)
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metakomatiite (5)
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metaplutonic rocks (20)
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metasomatic rocks
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rodingite (2)
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serpentinite (6)
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skarn (9)
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metavolcanic rocks (88)
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migmatites (9)
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mylonites
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pseudotachylite (6)
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ultramylonite (1)
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quartzites (9)
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schists
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greenschist (5)
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greenstone (10)
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tourmalinite (1)
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slates (7)
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metamorphism (197)
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metasomatism (219)
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meteorites
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stony meteorites
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achondrites
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Martian meteorites
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SNC Meteorites
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nakhlite (1)
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chondrites
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ordinary chondrites (1)
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-
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Mexico
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Durango Mexico (1)
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Jalisco Mexico (1)
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Yucatan Mexico (1)
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mineral deposits, genesis (417)
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mineral exploration (192)
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mineral resources (13)
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mineralogy (167)
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minerals (109)
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mining geology (9)
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Mohorovicic discontinuity (9)
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nitrogen
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N-15/N-14 (3)
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noble gases
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helium
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He-4/He-3 (2)
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neon (1)
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radon
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Rn-222 (1)
-
-
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nodules (1)
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North America
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Appalachian Basin (10)
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Appalachians
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Blue Ridge Province (1)
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Cumberland Plateau (1)
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Northern Appalachians (4)
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Canadian Shield
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Grenville Province
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Central Gneiss Belt (7)
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Central Metasedimentary Belt (15)
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Slave Province (4)
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Southern Province (12)
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Superior Province
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Abitibi Belt (387)
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English River Belt (7)
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Kapuskasing Zone (53)
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Michipicoten Belt (15)
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Pontiac Subprovince (18)
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Quetico Belt (4)
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Swayze greenstone belt (6)
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Uchi Subprovince (3)
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Wabigoon Belt (10)
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Wawa Belt (29)
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Champlain Valley (1)
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Detroit River (1)
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Great Lakes
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Lake Erie (8)
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Lake Superior (13)
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Great Lakes region (69)
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Grenville Front (27)
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Gulf Coastal Plain (1)
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Keweenawan Rift (9)
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Lake of the Woods (1)
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Lake of the Woods region (3)
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Lake Superior region (20)
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Michigan Basin (12)
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Niagara Escarpment (8)
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Niagara Falls (2)
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Niagara River (2)
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North American Cordillera
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Canadian Cordillera (2)
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Rainy River (1)
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Saint Lawrence Lowlands (10)
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Saint Lawrence River (4)
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Saint Lawrence River basin (1)
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Transcontinental Arch (1)
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Northern Hemisphere (1)
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Oceania
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oil and gas fields (9)
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orogeny (68)
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oxygen
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dissolved oxygen (1)
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O-18 (2)
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O-18/O-16 (75)
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Pacific Ocean
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East Pacific
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Northeast Pacific
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Axial Seamount (1)
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Bristol Bay (1)
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Juan de Fuca Ridge (1)
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North Pacific
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Bering Sea
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Bristol Bay (1)
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Northeast Pacific
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Axial Seamount (1)
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Bristol Bay (1)
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Juan de Fuca Ridge (1)
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West Pacific
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Ontong Java Plateau (1)
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paleobotany (10)
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paleoclimatology (24)
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paleoecology (35)
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paleogeography (40)
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paleomagnetism (83)
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paleontology (89)
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Paleozoic
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Cambrian
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Upper Cambrian
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Potsdam Sandstone (3)
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-
-
Carboniferous
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Mississippian
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Lower Mississippian
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Kinderhookian
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Banff Formation (1)
-
-
-
-
Pennsylvanian
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Middle Pennsylvanian
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Moscovian (1)
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-
-
Upper Carboniferous (1)
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Devonian
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Lower Devonian
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Emsian (7)
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Oriskany Sandstone (1)
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Middle Devonian
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Columbus Limestone (1)
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Couvinian (1)
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Detroit River Group (7)
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Dundee Limestone (2)
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Eifelian (3)
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Givetian (3)
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Hamilton Group (8)
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Ludlowville Formation (1)
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Marcellus Shale (1)
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Moscow Formation (1)
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Onondaga Limestone (2)
-
-
Traverse Group (2)
-
Upper Devonian
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Famennian (2)
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Frasnian (4)
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Ohio Shale (1)
-
-
-
Ellis Bay Formation (1)
-
lower Paleozoic
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Rose Run Sandstone (1)
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Ordovician
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Gull River Formation (2)
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Lower Ordovician
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Arenigian (1)
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Beekmantown Group (4)
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Tremadocian (1)
-
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Black River Group (7)
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Blackriverian (1)
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Champlainian (1)
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Cloridorme Formation (1)
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Decorah Shale (1)
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Dolgeville Formation (1)
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Galena Dolomite (2)
-
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Trenton Group (8)
-
Upper Ordovician
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Ashgillian (5)
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Caradocian (3)
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Cincinnatian
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Maysvillian (1)
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Richmondian (2)
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Edenian (1)
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Hirnantian (2)
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Katian (2)
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Maquoketa Formation (1)
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Mohawkian (2)
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Queenston Shale (1)
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Sandbian (1)
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Trentonian (8)
-
-
Utica Shale (4)
-
-
Permian (1)
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Silurian
-
Lockport Formation (7)
-
Lower Silurian
-
Grimsby Sandstone (4)
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Llandovery (3)
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Tuscarora Formation (1)
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Wenlock (3)
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Whirlpool Sandstone (4)
-
-
Middle Silurian
-
Clinton Group (3)
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Guelph Formation (1)
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Rochester Formation (1)
-
-
Niagaran (10)
-
Upper Silurian
-
Ludlow (1)
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Salina Group (4)
-
-
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Antrim Shale (2)
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palynology (1)
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palynomorphs
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acritarchs (6)
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Chitinozoa (1)
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miospores
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paragenesis (60)
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Phanerozoic (6)
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phase equilibria (52)
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Plantae
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algae
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Chlorophyta
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Chlorophyceae
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Codiaceae (1)
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diatoms (2)
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Bryophyta
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Musci
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Sphagnum (1)
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Spermatophyta
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Angiospermae (1)
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Gymnospermae (1)
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-
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plate tectonics (37)
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pollution (49)
-
Precambrian
-
Adirondack Anorthosite (1)
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Animikie Group (5)
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Archean
-
Blake River Group (44)
-
Blondeau Formation (1)
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Gilman Formation (3)
-
J-M Reef (1)
-
Neoarchean (65)
-
Opemisca Group (2)
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Roy Group (2)
-
Timiskaming Group (20)
-
-
Biwabik Iron Formation (2)
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Espanola Formation (8)
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Flinton Group (3)
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Gunflint Iron Formation (16)
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Hadean (3)
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Levack Gneiss (6)
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Lewisian Complex (1)
-
middle Precambrian (4)
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Nipissing Diabase (31)
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Osler Series (1)
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Sokoman Formation (2)
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Stillwater Complex (4)
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Transvaal Supergroup (1)
-
upper Precambrian
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Proterozoic
-
Bitter Springs Formation (1)
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Great Oxidation Event (1)
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Huronian
-
Gowganda Formation (20)
-
Onaping Formation (11)
-
-
Keweenawan (9)
-
Lorrain Formation (1)
-
Mesoproterozoic
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Helikian
-
Neohelikian (1)
-
-
-
Negaunee Iron Formation (1)
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Neoproterozoic (5)
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Paleoproterozoic
-
Aphebian (9)
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Birimian (1)
-
Chelmsford Formation (3)
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Cobalt Group (5)
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Marquette Range Supergroup (1)
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Virginia Formation (1)
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Whitewater Group (6)
-
-
-
-
Witwatersrand Supergroup (1)
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-
problematic fossils (5)
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reclamation (1)
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reefs (8)
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remote sensing (9)
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rock mechanics (9)
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sea water (7)
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sea-floor spreading (1)
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sea-level changes (14)
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sedimentary petrology (72)
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sedimentary rocks
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carbonate rocks
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dolostone (12)
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grainstone (1)
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limestone
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biomicrite (1)
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chemically precipitated rocks
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chert (8)
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duricrust (1)
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evaporites
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salt (1)
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iron formations
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banded iron formations (6)
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siliceous sinter (1)
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clastic rocks
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arenite
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quartz arenite (2)
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argillite (5)
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arkose (2)
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black shale (7)
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claystone (1)
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conglomerate
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quartz-pebble conglomerate (5)
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diamictite (8)
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graywacke (6)
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mudstone (5)
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sandstone (23)
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tillite (2)
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coal
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oil shale (3)
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sedimentary structures
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bedding plane irregularities
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ripple marks (6)
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biogenic structures
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soft sediment deformation
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turbidity current structures (7)
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sedimentation (127)
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sediments
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seismology (21)
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slope stability (2)
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soils
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Podzols (1)
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Solomon Islands (1)
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South America
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Brazil
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spectroscopy (31)
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structural geology (81)
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sulfur
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S-33 (1)
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S-33/S-32 (5)
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S-34 (3)
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S-34/S-32 (24)
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S-36 (1)
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sulfur deposits (1)
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United States
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
Unusual sulfide-rich magmatic apatite crystals from >2.7 Ga Abitibi Greenstone Belt, Canada Available to Purchase
The S 3 orogenic gold targeting algorithm: A case study from the Timmins gold camp, Ontario, Canada Available to Purchase
SCARS ON THE SHIELD: CARLYLE BEALS, PETER MILLMAN, AND THE BEGINNING OF THE CANADIAN METEORITE CRATER PROGRAM, 1950–1960 Available to Purchase
The Magino Gold Deposit, Ontario, Canada: An Overprinted Archean Intrusion-Related Gold Deposit Available to Purchase
Platinum-Group Element and Trace Element Contents of Chromite Grains from the Alexo Komatiite Flows Compared with Chromites from Other Volcanic Rocks: Implications for the Use of Chromite Compositions in Petrogenesis Available to Purchase
Floodplain organic-carbon dynamics modulated by meandering-channel migration: Vermilion River, Ontario, Canada Available to Purchase
Abstract Floodplains are important organic carbon (OC) storage sites, and the evolution of watercourses modulates the transport, burial and reworking of organics with cascading effects on watershed CO 2 budgets. Meandering rivers have broadly predictable patterns of channel-planform evolution, providing an opportunity to assess floodplain OC budgets of relation to characteristic migration paces and floodplain ages. However, due to geomorphic complexities of individual meandering rivers, assessments of relationships between channel and OC dynamics have thus far remained limited. We illustrate evolving OC budgets in relation to channel migration in the Vermilion River (Ontario) located in the boreal forest of eastern North America. We combine photogrammetric analyses and dynamic time warping of channel centrelines with analysis of top-soil bulk density and OC. We found that variations of OC stock per unit surface area and soil development are modulated by meander migration through the development of typical boreal-forest vegetation successions. Our results support the hypothesis that meander migration controls soil development, forest age and floodplain OC budgets. We anticipate our study to inform wider applications to rivers in different bioclimates – an approach that may in turn help carbon assessment in the context of changing climate or land use.