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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Africa
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United Kingdom
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Outer Hebrides (44)
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Highland region Scotland
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ODP Site 642 (1)
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isotope ratios (106)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Al-26 (1)
-
Ar-38 (1)
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
-
Be-10 (4)
-
C-14 (30)
-
Cl-36 (2)
-
K-40 (1)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (5)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (2)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (2)
-
Ra-224 (1)
-
Ra-226 (1)
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
Re-187/Os-188 (1)
-
Rn-220 (1)
-
Rn-222 (4)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (2)
-
Th-232 (1)
-
tritium (3)
-
U-235 (1)
-
U-238 (2)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
Ar-36 (1)
-
Ar-40 (1)
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
-
C-13/C-12 (53)
-
Cr-53/Cr-52 (1)
-
D/H (6)
-
deuterium (4)
-
He-4/He-3 (2)
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (2)
-
Kr-84 (1)
-
N-15/N-14 (2)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (18)
-
Ne-21 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (56)
-
Os-188/Os-187 (2)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (5)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (2)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (2)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (2)
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
Re-187/Os-188 (1)
-
S-34/S-32 (21)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (2)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (40)
-
-
-
large-ion lithophile elements (1)
-
Lu/Hf (5)
-
metals
-
actinides
-
actinium (1)
-
neptunium (1)
-
plutonium (3)
-
thorium
-
Th-232 (1)
-
-
uranium
-
U-235 (1)
-
U-238 (2)
-
-
-
alkali metals
-
lithium (2)
-
potassium
-
K-40 (1)
-
-
rubidium
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
-
sodium (2)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
barium (7)
-
beryllium
-
Be-10 (4)
-
-
calcium
-
Mg/Ca (1)
-
Sr/Ca (3)
-
-
magnesium
-
Mg/Ca (1)
-
-
radium
-
Ra-224 (1)
-
Ra-226 (1)
-
-
strontium
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
Sr/Ca (3)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (40)
-
-
-
aluminum
-
Al-26 (1)
-
-
antimony (1)
-
arsenic (4)
-
bismuth (2)
-
cadmium (3)
-
chromium
-
Cr-53/Cr-52 (1)
-
-
cobalt (2)
-
copper (8)
-
gold (4)
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (2)
-
-
iron
-
ferrous iron (1)
-
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (5)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (2)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (2)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (2)
-
-
manganese (5)
-
mercury (4)
-
molybdenum (1)
-
nickel (3)
-
niobium (4)
-
platinum group
-
iridium (1)
-
iridium ores (1)
-
osmium
-
Os-188/Os-187 (2)
-
Re-187/Os-188 (1)
-
-
osmium ores (1)
-
palladium (2)
-
palladium ores (1)
-
platinum (3)
-
platinum ores (8)
-
ruthenium ores (1)
-
-
polonium (1)
-
precious metals (1)
-
rare earths
-
cerium (2)
-
europium (3)
-
lanthanum (1)
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (18)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (2)
-
-
samarium
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (2)
-
-
scandium (1)
-
yttrium (3)
-
-
rhenium
-
Re-187/Os-188 (1)
-
-
silver (1)
-
tantalum (3)
-
tin (1)
-
vanadium (1)
-
zinc (3)
-
zirconium (4)
-
-
nitrogen
-
N-15/N-14 (2)
-
-
noble gases
-
argon
-
Ar-36 (1)
-
Ar-38 (1)
-
Ar-40 (1)
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
-
-
helium
-
He-4/He-3 (2)
-
-
krypton
-
Kr-84 (1)
-
-
neon
-
Ne-21 (1)
-
-
radon
-
Rn-220 (1)
-
Rn-222 (4)
-
-
-
oxygen
-
dissolved oxygen (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (56)
-
-
phosphorus
-
organic phosphorus (1)
-
-
selenium (2)
-
silicon (1)
-
sulfur
-
S-34/S-32 (21)
-
-
tellurium (1)
-
trace metals (2)
-
-
fossils
-
bacteria (10)
-
borings (6)
-
burrows (10)
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Agnatha
-
Osteostraci (1)
-
-
Pisces
-
Acanthodii
-
Acanthodes (1)
-
-
Chondrichthyes
-
Elasmobranchii
-
Bradyodonti (1)
-
-
-
Osteichthyes
-
Actinopterygii
-
Teleostei (1)
-
-
Sarcopterygii
-
Crossopterygii (1)
-
Dipnoi (3)
-
-
-
Placodermi
-
Arthrodira (2)
-
-
-
Tetrapoda
-
Amphibia
-
Labyrinthodontia
-
Anthracosauria (1)
-
-
-
Aves (1)
-
Mammalia
-
Theria
-
Eutheria
-
Primates (1)
-
Proboscidea
-
Elephantoidea
-
Elephantidae
-
Elephas (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Reptilia
-
Anapsida
-
Cotylosauria
-
Pareiasauria (1)
-
-
-
Diapsida
-
Archosauria
-
Crocodilia (1)
-
dinosaurs
-
Ornithischia
-
Stegosaurus (1)
-
-
Saurischia
-
Sauropodomorpha
-
Sauropoda (4)
-
-
Theropoda
-
Coelurosauria
-
Dromaeosauridae (1)
-
Tyrannosauridae (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Pterosauria (2)
-
Thecodontia
-
Aetosauria (1)
-
-
-
Ichthyosauria
-
Ichthyosaurus (1)
-
-
Sauropterygia
-
Plesiosauria (1)
-
-
-
Synapsida
-
Pelycosauria (1)
-
Therapsida (2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
coprolites (1)
-
eukaryotes (1)
-
fungi (4)
-
Graptolithina
-
Graptoloidea
-
Didymograptina
-
Isograptus (2)
-
-
Glossograptina (1)
-
-
-
Hemichordata (5)
-
ichnofossils
-
Arenicolites (1)
-
Eubrontes (1)
-
Planolites (1)
-
Skolithos (1)
-
Trypanites (1)
-
Zoophycos (1)
-
-
Invertebrata
-
Arthropoda
-
Chelicerata
-
Arachnida (2)
-
Merostomata
-
Eurypterida (3)
-
-
-
Mandibulata
-
Crustacea
-
Cirripedia (1)
-
Malacostraca (6)
-
Ostracoda
-
Podocopida
-
Cytherocopina
-
Cytheracea
-
Cyprideis (2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Insecta
-
Pterygota
-
Neoptera
-
Endopterygota
-
Hymenoptera (2)
-
-
-
-
-
Myriapoda (6)
-
-
Trilobitomorpha
-
Trilobita
-
Phacopida (1)
-
Ptychopariida (1)
-
-
-
-
Brachiopoda
-
Articulata
-
Orthida (1)
-
Strophomenida (1)
-
Terebratulida (1)
-
-
Inarticulata
-
Lingula (2)
-
-
-
Cnidaria
-
Anthozoa
-
Zoantharia
-
Rugosa (1)
-
Scleractinia (1)
-
-
-
Scyphozoa
-
Conulariida (1)
-
-
-
Echinodermata
-
Asterozoa (1)
-
Crinozoa
-
Crinoidea (25)
-
-
Echinozoa
-
Echinoidea (2)
-
Edrioasteroidea (1)
-
-
Homalozoa
-
Machaeridia (3)
-
-
-
Mollusca
-
Bivalvia
-
Carbonicola (4)
-
Heterodonta
-
Veneroida
-
Astartidae
-
Astarte (1)
-
-
-
-
Ostreoidea
-
Ostreidae (1)
-
-
-
Cephalopoda
-
Ammonoidea
-
Ammonites (2)
-
-
Coleoidea
-
Belemnoidea
-
Belemnitidae (3)
-
-
-
-
Gastropoda (7)
-
Hyolithes (1)
-
Polyplacophora (1)
-
Scaphopoda (1)
-
-
Porifera
-
Demospongea (1)
-
Stromatoporoidea (1)
-
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera
-
Fusulinina (1)
-
Miliolina
-
Miliolacea
-
Quinqueloculina (2)
-
-
-
Rotaliina
-
Rotaliacea
-
Elphidium (2)
-
Nummulitidae (1)
-
-
-
Textulariina
-
Lituolacea
-
Lituolidae
-
Haplophragmoides (1)
-
-
Trochammina (1)
-
-
-
-
Radiolaria (6)
-
Thecamoeba (1)
-
-
Vermes
-
Annelida (3)
-
Nematoida (1)
-
Polychaeta
-
Serpulidae (1)
-
-
-
-
lichens (1)
-
microfossils
-
Chitinozoa (3)
-
Conodonta (11)
-
Fusulinina (1)
-
problematic microfossils (1)
-
-
palynomorphs
-
acritarchs (7)
-
Chitinozoa (3)
-
Dinoflagellata (12)
-
megaspores (2)
-
miospores
-
pollen (22)
-
-
-
Plantae
-
algae
-
Chlorophyta
-
Botryococcus (1)
-
-
Coccolithophoraceae (2)
-
diatoms (5)
-
nannofossils (2)
-
Pyrrhophyta (1)
-
Rhodophyta
-
Corallinaceae (1)
-
-
-
Pteridophyta
-
Lycopsida (3)
-
Sphenopsida (1)
-
-
Spermatophyta
-
Angiospermae
-
Dicotyledoneae
-
Artemisia (1)
-
-
Monocotyledoneae
-
Gramineae (1)
-
-
-
Gymnospermae
-
Coniferae (1)
-
Coniferales
-
Pinaceae
-
Pinus (1)
-
-
-
Dadoxylon (1)
-
Ginkgoales
-
Ginkgo (1)
-
-
Pteridospermae (2)
-
-
-
-
problematic fossils
-
problematic microfossils (1)
-
-
prokaryotes (1)
-
Pterobranchia (1)
-
thallophytes (7)
-
tracks (21)
-
trails (1)
-
-
geochronology methods
-
(U-Th)/He (2)
-
Ar/Ar (37)
-
exposure age (5)
-
fission-track dating (10)
-
He/He (1)
-
K/Ar (32)
-
Lu/Hf (5)
-
Nd/Nd (2)
-
optically stimulated luminescence (1)
-
paleomagnetism (62)
-
Pb/Pb (14)
-
radiation damage (1)
-
Rb/Sr (37)
-
Re/Os (8)
-
sclerochronology (1)
-
Sm/Nd (19)
-
tephrochronology (2)
-
Th/U (3)
-
thermochronology (4)
-
tree rings (4)
-
U/Pb (113)
-
U/Th/Pb (4)
-
-
geologic age
-
Anthropocene (1)
-
Cenozoic
-
Bronze Age (1)
-
Iron Age (1)
-
lower Cenozoic (1)
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
lower Holocene (4)
-
Middle Ages (1)
-
middle Holocene (1)
-
Neoglacial (2)
-
Neolithic (1)
-
upper Holocene
-
Roman period (1)
-
-
-
Pleistocene
-
middle Pleistocene (1)
-
Saalian (1)
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Devensian
-
upper Devensian (11)
-
-
Weichselian
-
Loch Lomond Stade (6)
-
upper Weichselian
-
Younger Dryas (14)
-
-
-
-
-
upper Quaternary (1)
-
-
Stone Age
-
Neolithic (1)
-
Paleolithic (1)
-
-
Tertiary
-
lower Tertiary (2)
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
Columbia River Basalt Group (1)
-
Topopah Spring Member (1)
-
-
Pliocene
-
Cimmerian (1)
-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
Green River Formation (1)
-
lower Eocene
-
Ypresian (1)
-
-
middle Eocene
-
Bartonian (1)
-
Lutetian (1)
-
-
upper Eocene
-
Priabonian (1)
-
-
-
Oligocene
-
upper Oligocene
-
Chattian (2)
-
-
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
-
K-T boundary (3)
-
-
upper Paleocene (8)
-
-
Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (1)
-
-
Zambales Ophiolite (1)
-
-
upper Cenozoic (1)
-
-
Coal Measures (18)
-
Dalradian (161)
-
Laurentide ice sheet (1)
-
Mesozoic
-
Carrara Marble (1)
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian (4)
-
Aptian (1)
-
Barremian (1)
-
Berriasian (3)
-
Kootenay Formation (1)
-
Valanginian (2)
-
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Campanian (1)
-
Cenomanian
-
Dunvegan Formation (1)
-
-
Coniacian (1)
-
K-T boundary (3)
-
Maestrichtian (2)
-
Moreno Formation (1)
-
Santonian (2)
-
Senonian (4)
-
Turonian (1)
-
-
-
Jurassic
-
Carmel Formation (1)
-
Fernie Formation (1)
-
Heather Formation (4)
-
Lower Jurassic
-
Dunlin Group (2)
-
Hettangian (4)
-
lower Liassic (5)
-
middle Liassic (2)
-
Pliensbachian (2)
-
Portland Formation (1)
-
Sinemurian (5)
-
Toarcian (5)
-
Triassic-Jurassic boundary (1)
-
upper Liassic (4)
-
-
Middle Jurassic
-
Aalenian (3)
-
Bajocian
-
Brent Group (12)
-
Broom Formation (2)
-
Etive Formation (3)
-
Ness Formation (3)
-
Rannoch Formation (4)
-
Tarbert Formation (3)
-
-
Bathonian
-
Great Oolite Group (2)
-
-
Callovian (11)
-
-
Opalinus Clay (1)
-
Oxford Clay (6)
-
San Rafael Group (1)
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Entrada Sandstone (2)
-
Fulmar Formation (8)
-
Haynesville Formation (1)
-
Kimmeridge Clay (19)
-
Kimmeridgian
-
lower Kimmeridgian (1)
-
-
Oxfordian
-
middle Oxfordian (1)
-
-
Portlandian (1)
-
Sundance Formation (1)
-
Tithonian (1)
-
Volgian (2)
-
-
-
Navajo Sandstone (1)
-
Statfjord Formation (2)
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic
-
Bunter (3)
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (3)
-
Scythian (1)
-
-
Sherwood Sandstone (11)
-
Upper Triassic
-
Mercia Mudstone (8)
-
Rhaetian
-
Penarth Group (3)
-
-
Triassic-Jurassic boundary (1)
-
-
-
upper Mesozoic (1)
-
-
Paleozoic
-
Berea Sandstone (1)
-
Cambrian
-
Acadian (1)
-
Lower Cambrian (10)
-
Upper Cambrian (7)
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Lower Carboniferous
-
Asbian (6)
-
Dinantian (45)
-
-
Middle Carboniferous (1)
-
Mississippian
-
Bear Gulch Limestone Member (1)
-
Lower Mississippian
-
Tournaisian (11)
-
-
Middle Mississippian
-
Visean
-
upper Visean (1)
-
-
-
Upper Mississippian
-
Heath Formation (1)
-
Meramecian
-
Saint Louis Limestone (1)
-
-
Serpukhovian (8)
-
-
Windsor Group (1)
-
-
Namurian (21)
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Lower Pennsylvanian
-
Bashkirian (3)
-
-
Mansfield Formation (1)
-
-
Silesian (3)
-
Upper Carboniferous
-
Millstone Grit (4)
-
Stephanian (4)
-
Westphalian (15)
-
-
-
Devonian
-
Lower Devonian
-
Battery Point Formation (1)
-
Emsian (3)
-
Lochkovian (6)
-
Pragian (3)
-
Shap Granite (8)
-
-
Middle Devonian
-
Dundee Limestone (1)
-
Eifelian (4)
-
Givetian (7)
-
-
Old Red Sandstone (66)
-
Upper Devonian
-
Famennian
-
upper Famennian (1)
-
-
Frasnian (2)
-
-
Upper Old Red Sandstone (4)
-
-
lower Paleozoic (38)
-
Ordovician
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Arenigian
-
Ballantrae Complex (16)
-
-
Manx Group (1)
-
Tremadocian (2)
-
-
Martinsburg Formation (1)
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Cloridorme Formation (1)
-
Darriwilian (1)
-
Llandeilian (2)
-
Llanvirnian (4)
-
-
Skiddaw Slates (7)
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Ashgillian (17)
-
Caradocian
-
Borrowdale Volcanic Group (10)
-
-
Edenian
-
Eden Shale (1)
-
-
Hirnantian (5)
-
Katian (7)
-
Sandbian (3)
-
-
-
Permian
-
Lower Permian
-
Leman Sandstone Formation (1)
-
-
Rotliegendes (6)
-
Upper Permian
-
Lopingian (1)
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (3)
-
Tatarian (1)
-
Zechstein (6)
-
-
-
Sauk Sequence (2)
-
Silurian
-
Lockport Formation (1)
-
Lower Silurian
-
Llandovery
-
Aberystwyth Grits (1)
-
Aeronian (2)
-
Rhuddanian (3)
-
Telychian (7)
-
-
Wenlock (21)
-
-
Middle Silurian (6)
-
Upper Silurian
-
Ludlow
-
Ludfordian (1)
-
-
-
-
upper Paleozoic (6)
-
Woodford Shale (1)
-
-
Phanerozoic (11)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Neoarchean (12)
-
-
Eocambrian (1)
-
Gunflint Iron Formation (1)
-
Hadean (1)
-
Lewisian Complex (58)
-
Stillwater Complex (2)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Huronian
-
Gowganda Formation (1)
-
-
Lewisian (57)
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Belt Supergroup (1)
-
Laxfordian (25)
-
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Cryogenian (4)
-
Ediacaran
-
Wonoka Formation (1)
-
-
Infracambrian (4)
-
Marinoan (3)
-
Moine Supergroup (26)
-
Moinian (40)
-
Riphean (3)
-
Sturtian (5)
-
Tonian (5)
-
Torridonian (63)
-
Vendian (6)
-
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Aphebian
-
Hurwitz Group (1)
-
-
-
Windermere System (1)
-
-
-
Witwatersrand Supergroup (1)
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
extrusive rocks (1)
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites (4)
-
feldspathoid rocks (2)
-
granophyre (5)
-
hypabyssal rocks (2)
-
peperite (2)
-
picrite (10)
-
plutonic rocks
-
anorthosite (7)
-
appinite (10)
-
crinanite (4)
-
diabase
-
olivine diabase (1)
-
quartz diabase (1)
-
tholeiitic dolerite (1)
-
-
diorites
-
ferrodiorite (1)
-
microdiorite (1)
-
tonalite (6)
-
trondhjemite (3)
-
-
gabbros
-
alkali gabbros
-
teschenite (3)
-
-
norite (3)
-
olivine gabbro (1)
-
troctolite (7)
-
-
granites
-
alkali granites (4)
-
aplite (2)
-
A-type granites (1)
-
biotite granite (1)
-
charnockite (1)
-
felsite (7)
-
I-type granites (4)
-
leucogranite (2)
-
microgranite (1)
-
monzogranite (2)
-
S-type granites (5)
-
-
granodiorites (18)
-
lamprophyres
-
camptonite (4)
-
minette (1)
-
monchiquite (5)
-
vogesite (1)
-
-
monzodiorite (2)
-
pegmatite (17)
-
syenites
-
albitite (1)
-
alkali syenites (1)
-
bostonite (2)
-
microsyenite (1)
-
nepheline syenite (1)
-
-
ultramafics
-
chromitite (6)
-
peridotites
-
harzburgite (1)
-
lherzolite (2)
-
spinel lherzolite (4)
-
-
pyroxenite
-
garnet pyroxenite (1)
-
websterite (1)
-
-
-
-
porphyry
-
vitrophyre (2)
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
adakites (2)
-
andesites
-
boninite (1)
-
-
basalts
-
alkali basalts
-
alkali olivine basalt (1)
-
spilite (1)
-
-
columnar basalt (1)
-
flood basalts (6)
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (10)
-
ocean-island basalts (1)
-
olivine tholeiite (1)
-
shoshonite (1)
-
tholeiite (13)
-
trap rocks (1)
-
-
basanite (1)
-
dacites (3)
-
glasses
-
pitchstone (4)
-
volcanic glass (1)
-
-
komatiite (1)
-
nephelinite (1)
-
phonolites (1)
-
pyroclastics
-
hyaloclastite (3)
-
ignimbrite (9)
-
tuff (21)
-
welded tuff (2)
-
-
rhyodacites (6)
-
rhyolites
-
quartz porphyry (1)
-
-
trachyandesites (1)
-
trachytes (5)
-
vitrophyre (2)
-
-
-
ophiolite (38)
-
volcanic ash (7)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
K-bentonite (4)
-
metabentonite (5)
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (12)
-
cataclasites (4)
-
eclogite (7)
-
gneisses
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augen gneiss (1)
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biotite gneiss (1)
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granite gneiss (4)
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orthogneiss (4)
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paragneiss (3)
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tonalite gneiss (1)
-
-
granulites (12)
-
hornfels (7)
-
impactites
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impact breccia
-
suevite (3)
-
-
-
marbles (10)
-
metacarbonate rocks (4)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
metabasalt (4)
-
metabasite (4)
-
metadiabase (3)
-
metagabbro (5)
-
metagranite (4)
-
metapyroxenite (1)
-
metatuff (1)
-
serpentinite (8)
-
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
meta-arkose (1)
-
metaconglomerate (2)
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metalimestone (2)
-
metapelite (9)
-
metasandstone (1)
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paragneiss (3)
-
-
metasomatic rocks
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fenite (2)
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greisen (1)
-
serpentinite (8)
-
skarn (6)
-
-
metavolcanic rocks (5)
-
migmatites
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agmatite (1)
-
-
mylonites
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blastomylonite (2)
-
pseudotachylite (12)
-
-
phyllites (2)
-
phyllonites (5)
-
quartzites (13)
-
schists
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blueschist (1)
-
epidiorite (1)
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greenschist (3)
-
hornblende schist (1)
-
-
slates (4)
-
-
ophiolite (38)
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turbidite (36)
-
-
meteorites
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meteorites
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micrometeorites (1)
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stony meteorites
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chondrites
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ordinary chondrites
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L chondrites (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
minerals
-
alabaster (1)
-
alloys
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nitrides (1)
-
-
antimonides (1)
-
arsenides
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gersdorffite (1)
-
nickeline (1)
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sperrylite (1)
-
-
borates
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sakhaite (1)
-
-
carbonates
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ankerite (2)
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aragonite (6)
-
bastnaesite (1)
-
calcite (31)
-
cancrinite (1)
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cerussite (1)
-
dolomite (13)
-
hydromagnesite (3)
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ikaite (1)
-
leadhillite (2)
-
magnesian calcite (2)
-
malachite (2)
-
nesquehonite (1)
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sakhaite (1)
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siderite (5)
-
-
copper minerals (1)
-
halides
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chlorides
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halite (3)
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pyromorphite (1)
-
vanadinite (1)
-
-
fluorides
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bastnaesite (1)
-
fluorite (1)
-
-
-
hydrates (1)
-
iron minerals (1)
-
K-bentonite (4)
-
metabentonite (5)
-
minerals (40)
-
native elements
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diamond (1)
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graphite (7)
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nitrates (1)
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oxides
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baddeleyite (4)
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brucite (3)
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chrome spinel (5)
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chromite (5)
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corundum (1)
-
cuprite (1)
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geikielite (1)
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goethite (2)
-
hematite (9)
-
hydroxides
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oxyhydroxides (1)
-
-
ilmenite (4)
-
iron oxides (5)
-
lepidocrocite (1)
-
magnetite (8)
-
niobates
-
aeschynite (1)
-
-
perovskite (1)
-
rutile (2)
-
spinel (4)
-
spinel group (3)
-
titanium oxides (2)
-
titanomagnetite (2)
-
-
phosphates
-
apatite (23)
-
britholite (2)
-
crandallite (1)
-
fluorapatite (1)
-
monazite (10)
-
plumbogummite (2)
-
pyromorphite (1)
-
vivianite (1)
-
-
platinum minerals (2)
-
selenides (1)
-
silicates
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chain silicates
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aenigmatite group
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sapphirine (1)
-
-
amphibole group
-
alkalic amphibole (1)
-
clinoamphibole
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actinolite (1)
-
cummingtonite (2)
-
hastingsite (1)
-
hornblende (4)
-
tremolite (1)
-
-
orthoamphibole
-
anthophyllite (1)
-
-
-
prehnite (1)
-
pyroxene group
-
clinopyroxene
-
augite (2)
-
hedenbergite (1)
-
pigeonite (2)
-
-
orthopyroxene (3)
-
-
pyroxmangite (1)
-
tobermorite (1)
-
wollastonite group
-
wollastonite (4)
-
-
-
feldspathoids (1)
-
framework silicates
-
cancrinite (1)
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
anorthoclase (2)
-
celsian (1)
-
K-feldspar (14)
-
microcline (1)
-
orthoclase (2)
-
perthite (3)
-
sanidine (2)
-
-
barium feldspar
-
celsian (1)
-
-
plagioclase
-
albite (4)
-
anorthite (1)
-
-
-
myrmekite (1)
-
nepheline group
-
nepheline (1)
-
-
pseudoleucite (1)
-
scapolite group
-
scapolite (1)
-
-
silica minerals
-
agate (1)
-
chalcedony (2)
-
jasper (1)
-
moganite (1)
-
opal
-
opal-A (1)
-
opal-CT (1)
-
-
quartz (25)
-
-
zeolite group
-
analcime (2)
-
chabazite (1)
-
erionite (1)
-
harmotome (1)
-
mordenite (1)
-
phillipsite (2)
-
thomsonite (1)
-
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
andalusite (3)
-
braunite (1)
-
britholite group
-
britholite (2)
-
-
garnet group
-
almandine (1)
-
grossular (1)
-
pyrope (2)
-
-
grandidierite (1)
-
harkerite (2)
-
kyanite (4)
-
mullite (1)
-
olivine group
-
fayalite (2)
-
forsterite (2)
-
olivine (14)
-
-
sillimanite (8)
-
staurolite (2)
-
titanite group
-
titanite (10)
-
-
zircon group
-
thorite (1)
-
zircon (98)
-
-
-
sorosilicates
-
chevkinite group
-
chevkinite (3)
-
perrierite (1)
-
-
epidote group
-
allanite (3)
-
epidote (2)
-
piemontite (1)
-
-
kilchoanite (1)
-
melilite group
-
melilite (1)
-
-
vesuvianite (1)
-
-
-
ring silicates
-
cordierite (5)
-
tourmaline group (2)
-
-
sheet silicates
-
chlorite group
-
chamosite (2)
-
chlorite (10)
-
clinochlore (1)
-
sudoite (1)
-
-
clay minerals
-
beidellite (1)
-
dickite (2)
-
halloysite (2)
-
hectorite (1)
-
kaolinite (13)
-
montmorillonite (3)
-
nacrite (1)
-
saponite (4)
-
smectite (24)
-
vermiculite (6)
-
-
corrensite (1)
-
illite (27)
-
margarite (2)
-
mica group
-
biotite (12)
-
glauconite (3)
-
muscovite (15)
-
phengite (1)
-
phlogopite (3)
-
-
palygorskite (1)
-
serpentine group
-
antigorite (2)
-
berthierine (1)
-
chrysotile (1)
-
lizardite (1)
-
serpentine (1)
-
-
talc (1)
-
tosudite (1)
-
-
-
sulfates
-
anhydrite (4)
-
barite (2)
-
brochantite (2)
-
celestine (1)
-
gypsum (5)
-
jarosite (2)
-
leadhillite (2)
-
schwertmannite (1)
-
-
sulfides
-
chalcopyrite (2)
-
covellite (1)
-
galena (3)
-
gersdorffite (1)
-
greenockite (1)
-
greigite (1)
-
iron sulfides (1)
-
laurite (2)
-
molybdenite (3)
-
pentlandite (1)
-
pyrite (15)
-
pyrrhotite (3)
-
sphalerite (3)
-
-
sulfosalts (1)
-
tungstates
-
wolframite (1)
-
-
vanadates
-
vanadinite (1)
-
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (241)
-
academic institutions (2)
-
Africa
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Central Africa
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Angola (1)
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Gabon (1)
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East Africa
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Kalahari Desert (1)
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North Africa
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Egypt
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Libya (2)
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Morocco (2)
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Tunisia (2)
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Southern Africa
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Namibia
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Tsumeb Namibia (1)
-
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South Africa
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Bushveld Complex (4)
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Merensky Reef (2)
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North-West Province South Africa (1)
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Transvaal region (2)
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Zimbabwe (1)
-
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West Africa
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Cameroon (1)
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Mauritanides (1)
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Nigeria (2)
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-
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Antarctica
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Antarctic Peninsula (2)
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South Orkney Islands (2)
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South Shetland Islands (2)
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Arctic Ocean
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Barents Sea (2)
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Arctic region
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Greenland
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East Greenland (10)
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Ilimaussaq (1)
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Skaergaard Intrusion (1)
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Jan Mayen (1)
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Svalbard
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Spitsbergen (4)
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-
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Asia
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Arabian Peninsula
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Oman
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Oman Mountains (1)
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Saudi Arabia (2)
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United Arab Emirates (1)
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Buryat Russian Federation (1)
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Far East
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Burma (1)
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China
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Dabie Mountains (1)
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Hong Kong (2)
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Sulu Terrane (1)
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Xizang China (1)
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Indonesia
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Sumatra (1)
-
-
Japan
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Honshu
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Akita Japan
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Hokuroku Japan (1)
-
-
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Kyushu (1)
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Shikoku (1)
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Shimanto Belt (1)
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Philippine Islands (1)
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Taiwan (1)
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Himalayas (4)
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Indian Peninsula
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Bengal (1)
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India
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Northeastern India
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Assam India (1)
-
-
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Nepal (1)
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Middle East
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Cyprus
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Iran (1)
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Palestine (1)
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Turkey (2)
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Siberia (1)
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Yakutia Russian Federation (1)
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-
associations (4)
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Atlantic Ocean
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North Atlantic
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Celtic Sea (1)
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English Channel
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Channel Tunnel (1)
-
-
Faeroe-Shetland Basin (48)
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Gulf of Cadiz (1)
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Gulf of Mexico
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Orca Basin (1)
-
-
Irish Sea (8)
-
Jeanne d'Arc Basin (1)
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North Sea
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Brent Field (1)
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East Shetland Basin (9)
-
Forties Field (5)
-
Skagerrak (3)
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Troll Field (1)
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Viking Graben (11)
-
-
Northeast Atlantic
-
Porcupine Bank (1)
-
-
Northwest Atlantic (1)
-
Reykjanes Ridge (1)
-
Rockall Plateau (3)
-
Rockall Trough (7)
-
-
South Atlantic
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Lower Congo Basin (1)
-
-
West Atlantic (1)
-
-
Atlantic Ocean Islands
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Faeroe Islands (21)
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Falkland Islands (1)
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Shetland Islands
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Unst (11)
-
-
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Atlantic region (12)
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atmosphere (4)
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Australasia
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Australia
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Bass Strait
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Bass Basin (1)
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New South Wales Australia
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Australian Capital Territory
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Canberra Australia (1)
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-
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Northern Territory Australia (2)
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Queensland Australia (1)
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Snowy Mountains (1)
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South Australia (2)
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Western Australia
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Yilgarn Craton (1)
-
-
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New Zealand (5)
-
-
bacteria (10)
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barite deposits (8)
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bibliography (6)
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biogeography (27)
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biography (20)
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bitumens
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asphalt (1)
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boron (2)
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boron deposits (1)
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brines (8)
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Canada
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Arctic Archipelago (2)
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Eastern Canada
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Gander Zone (1)
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Maritime Provinces
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Nova Scotia (2)
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Meguma Terrane (1)
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Newfoundland and Labrador
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Labrador
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Kiglapait Intrusion (1)
-
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Newfoundland (9)
-
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Ontario
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Rainy River District Ontario
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Atikokan Ontario (1)
-
-
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Quebec
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Anticosti Island (1)
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Gaspe Peninsula (2)
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-
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Mackenzie Mountains (1)
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Muskox Intrusion (1)
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Nunavut
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Sverdrup Islands
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Axel Heiberg Island (1)
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Queen Elizabeth Islands
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Axel Heiberg Island (1)
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-
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Western Canada
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Alberta
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Banff Alberta (1)
-
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British Columbia (3)
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Northwest Territories (5)
-
-
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (53)
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C-14 (30)
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organic carbon (10)
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catalogs (1)
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Cenozoic
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Bronze Age (1)
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Iron Age (1)
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lower Cenozoic (1)
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Quaternary
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Holocene
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lower Holocene (4)
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Middle Ages (1)
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middle Holocene (1)
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Neoglacial (2)
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Neolithic (1)
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upper Holocene
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Roman period (1)
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-
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Pleistocene
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middle Pleistocene (1)
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Saalian (1)
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upper Pleistocene
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Devensian
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upper Devensian (11)
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Weichselian
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Loch Lomond Stade (6)
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upper Weichselian
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Younger Dryas (14)
-
-
-
-
-
upper Quaternary (1)
-
-
Stone Age
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Neolithic (1)
-
Paleolithic (1)
-
-
Tertiary
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lower Tertiary (2)
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Neogene
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Miocene
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Columbia River Basalt Group (1)
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Topopah Spring Member (1)
-
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Pliocene
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Cimmerian (1)
-
-
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Paleogene
-
Eocene
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Green River Formation (1)
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lower Eocene
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Ypresian (1)
-
-
middle Eocene
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Bartonian (1)
-
Lutetian (1)
-
-
upper Eocene
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Priabonian (1)
-
-
-
Oligocene
-
upper Oligocene
-
Chattian (2)
-
-
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
-
K-T boundary (3)
-
-
upper Paleocene (8)
-
-
Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (1)
-
-
Zambales Ophiolite (1)
-
-
upper Cenozoic (1)
-
-
Central America
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Guatemala (2)
-
-
ceramic materials (1)
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chemical analysis (4)
-
Chordata
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Vertebrata
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Agnatha
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Osteostraci (1)
-
-
Pisces
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Acanthodii
-
Acanthodes (1)
-
-
Chondrichthyes
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Elasmobranchii
-
Bradyodonti (1)
-
-
-
Osteichthyes
-
Actinopterygii
-
Teleostei (1)
-
-
Sarcopterygii
-
Crossopterygii (1)
-
Dipnoi (3)
-
-
-
Placodermi
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Arthrodira (2)
-
-
-
Tetrapoda
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Amphibia
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Labyrinthodontia
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Anthracosauria (1)
-
-
-
Aves (1)
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Mammalia
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Theria
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Eutheria
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Primates (1)
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Proboscidea
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Elephantoidea
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Elephantidae
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Elephas (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Reptilia
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Anapsida
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Cotylosauria
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Pareiasauria (1)
-
-
-
Diapsida
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Archosauria
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Crocodilia (1)
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dinosaurs
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Ornithischia
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Stegosaurus (1)
-
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Saurischia
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Sauropodomorpha
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Sauropoda (4)
-
-
Theropoda
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Coelurosauria
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Dromaeosauridae (1)
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Tyrannosauridae (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Pterosauria (2)
-
Thecodontia
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Aetosauria (1)
-
-
-
Ichthyosauria
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Ichthyosaurus (1)
-
-
Sauropterygia
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Plesiosauria (1)
-
-
-
Synapsida
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Pelycosauria (1)
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Therapsida (2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
clay deposits (1)
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clay mineralogy (47)
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climate change (27)
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coal deposits (7)
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conservation (4)
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Jurassic
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Middle Jurassic
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Bathonian
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Great Oolite Group (2)
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Callovian (11)
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Opalinus Clay (1)
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Upper Jurassic
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Entrada Sandstone (2)
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Oxfordian
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Sherwood Sandstone (11)
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Triassic-Jurassic boundary (1)
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aluminum
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hafnium
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Hf-177/Hf-176 (2)
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iron
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lead
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (5)
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (18)
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (2)
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samarium
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (2)
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rhenium
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Re-187/Os-188 (1)
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metamorphic rocks
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granulites (12)
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marbles (10)
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meteorology (1)
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nitrogen
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N-15/N-14 (2)
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noble gases
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argon
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Ar-36 (1)
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Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
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helium
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He-4/He-3 (2)
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krypton
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Kr-84 (1)
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neon
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Ne-21 (1)
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radon
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Rn-220 (1)
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Rn-222 (4)
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nodules (3)
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North America
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Appalachian Basin (1)
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Appalachians
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Northern Appalachians (3)
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Basin and Range Province
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Canadian Shield
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Western Interior (1)
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ocean floors (16)
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Oceania
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O-18/O-16 (56)
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Pacific Ocean
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North Pacific
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South Pacific
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West Pacific
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Pacific region
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Paleozoic
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Cambrian
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Carboniferous
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Middle Carboniferous (1)
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Middle Mississippian
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upper Visean (1)
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Upper Mississippian
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Heath Formation (1)
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Meramecian
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Serpukhovian (8)
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Windsor Group (1)
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Namurian (21)
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Pennsylvanian
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Lower Pennsylvanian
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Bashkirian (3)
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Mansfield Formation (1)
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Silesian (3)
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Upper Carboniferous
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Millstone Grit (4)
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Devonian
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Lower Devonian
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Battery Point Formation (1)
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Shap Granite (8)
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Middle Devonian
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Dundee Limestone (1)
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Old Red Sandstone (66)
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Upper Devonian
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Famennian
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upper Famennian (1)
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Frasnian (2)
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Upper Old Red Sandstone (4)
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lower Paleozoic (38)
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Ordovician
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Lower Ordovician
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Ballantrae Complex (16)
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Manx Group (1)
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Martinsburg Formation (1)
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Middle Ordovician
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Cloridorme Formation (1)
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Skiddaw Slates (7)
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Upper Ordovician
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Ashgillian (17)
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Caradocian
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Borrowdale Volcanic Group (10)
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Edenian
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Eden Shale (1)
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Hirnantian (5)
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Katian (7)
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Sandbian (3)
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Permian
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Lower Permian
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Leman Sandstone Formation (1)
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Rotliegendes (6)
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Upper Permian
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Lopingian (1)
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Permian-Triassic boundary (3)
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Tatarian (1)
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Zechstein (6)
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-
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Sauk Sequence (2)
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Silurian
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Lockport Formation (1)
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Lower Silurian
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Llandovery
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Aberystwyth Grits (1)
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Aeronian (2)
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Rhuddanian (3)
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Telychian (7)
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Wenlock (21)
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Middle Silurian (6)
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Upper Silurian
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Ludlow
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Ludfordian (1)
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upper Paleozoic (6)
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Woodford Shale (1)
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palynology (4)
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palynomorphs
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Dinoflagellata (12)
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paragenesis (15)
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Plantae
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algae
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Chlorophyta
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Pteridophyta
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Lycopsida (3)
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Spermatophyta
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Angiospermae
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Monocotyledoneae
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Gymnospermae
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Coniferales
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Pinaceae
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Pinus (1)
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Dadoxylon (1)
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Pteridospermae (2)
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plate tectonics (130)
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pollution (49)
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potash (2)
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Precambrian
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Eocambrian (1)
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Gunflint Iron Formation (1)
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Hadean (1)
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Lewisian Complex (58)
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upper Precambrian
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Proterozoic
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Huronian
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Gowganda Formation (1)
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Lewisian (57)
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Mesoproterozoic
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Belt Supergroup (1)
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Neoproterozoic
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Cryogenian (4)
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Ediacaran
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Wonoka Formation (1)
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Infracambrian (4)
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Moine Supergroup (26)
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Sturtian (5)
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Tonian (5)
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Torridonian (63)
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Paleoproterozoic
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Aphebian
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Hurwitz Group (1)
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Windermere System (1)
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Witwatersrand Supergroup (1)
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problematic fossils
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Pterobranchia (1)
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chemically precipitated rocks
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chert (16)
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ironstone (2)
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siliceous sinter (1)
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clastic rocks
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arenite
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arkose (3)
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bentonite (8)
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black shale (9)
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claystone (4)
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orthoquartzite (1)
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sandstone (182)
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shale (36)
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tonstein (2)
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coal
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gas shale (3)
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oil sands (2)
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sedimentary structures
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bedding plane irregularities
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ripple marks (5)
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biogenic structures
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algal structures
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algal mats (2)
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bioherms (1)
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bioturbation (4)
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microbial mats
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stromatolites (9)
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current markings (1)
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planar bedding structures
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bedding (11)
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cross-stratification (5)
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laminations (14)
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ripple drift-cross laminations (3)
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sand bodies (3)
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primary structures (2)
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secondary structures
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concretions (10)
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soft sediment deformation
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turbidity current structures (3)
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sedimentation (131)
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sediments
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soils
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South America
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Brazil
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sulfur
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rock formations
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New Red Sandstone (3)
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Ross Formation (1)
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Semail Ophiolite (1)
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sedimentary rocks
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calcrete (10)
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sedimentary rocks
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chalk (10)
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travertine (1)
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chemically precipitated rocks
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chert (16)
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evaporites
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salt (1)
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ironstone (2)
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phosphate rocks (3)
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siliceous sinter (1)
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weathering crust (1)
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clastic rocks
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arenite
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quartz arenite (2)
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argillite (4)
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arkose (3)
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bentonite (8)
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black shale (9)
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claystone (4)
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conglomerate (29)
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diamictite (8)
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graywacke (13)
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marl (1)
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mudstone (40)
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orthoquartzite (1)
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red beds (14)
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sandstone (182)
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shale (36)
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siltstone (11)
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tillite (9)
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tonstein (2)
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coal
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gas shale (3)
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
The Ureocrinus bockschii bed of Trearne Quarry SSSI (Mississippian, Lower Carboniferous), north Ayrshire, Scotland Available to Purchase
The Neoproterozoic glacial broom Open Access
Quantifying vertical borehole heat exchanger sustainability from a geothermal resource perspective in the UK Open Access
A new crinoid morphotaxon from the Silurian (Llandovery) of SW Scotland (Ayrshire) Available to Purchase
Mechanisms of secondary carbonate precipitation on felsic, intermediate and mafic igneous rocks: a case study for NW Scotland Open Access
The evolution of instability at the A83 Rest and be Thankful from 2008 to 2023 Available to Purchase
Mud retention in hydrologically closed basins promoted pre-vegetation meandering: evidence from the Neoproterozoic Diabaig Formation, Scotland Available to Purchase
Abstract Fluvial point-bar deposits are described from the c. 1 Ga Diabaig Formation, representing some of the most compelling architectural evidence of planform sinuosity recognized in pre-vegetation sedimentary strata to date. The stratigraphical architecture of the deposits indicates different planform transformations in response to meander-bend expansion and downstream migration. Point-bar architectural motifs are locally abundant in the unit and this is attributed to elevated amounts of mud-calibre cohesive sediment. Mud afforded landscape stability that, together with limited stream power, was sufficient to corral sediment into single-thread, sinuous channels. Significant volumes of fine-grained sediment were encouraged to accumulate by the local basin setting of several topographically confined endorheic depressions. These conditions ceased once the hydrologically closed valleys were filled, with the overlying sandstone-dominated Applecross Formation subsequently deposited by low-sinuosity, braided rivers that bypassed fine-grained sediment oceanward. Other endorheic basins conducive to the formation of depositional meanders should be expected to have been relatively widespread on pre-vegetation Earth, though many individually limited in size, confined by their inherited topographies. Depositional architectures representative of sinuous channel planforms remain scarce within more extensive, externally drained basins.