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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Primary terms
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Tertiary
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Highland region Scotland
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Graptolithina
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Didymograptina
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-
-
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volcanic rocks
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inclusions
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Invertebrata
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Cnidaria
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Zoantharia
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Echinodermata
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Crinozoa
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Crinoidea (1)
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Mollusca
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Bivalvia
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Heterodonta
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Veneroida
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Astarte (1)
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Gastropoda (1)
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Protista
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Foraminifera
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Rotaliina
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Elphidium (1)
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Graphitization of Neoproterozoic sedimentary marbles in The Aird, Scottish Highlands
The role of organic carbon in the Southern Uplands-Down-Longford Terrane accretionary prism, Scotland and Ireland
Unsupervised classification applications in enhancing lithological mapping and geological understanding: a case study from Northern Ireland
Bivalve body-size distribution through the Late Triassic mass extinction event
Abstract The desktop study of geology, past land use and recent surveys is essential in planning the search for buried items, as it provides information on ground conditions and may explain anomalies. In the first case study, a geophysical search of waste ground in west Belfast (Northern Ireland) identified two anomalies that on excavation were recovered as human skeletal remains. A desktop study, which included Ordnance Survey maps and memoirs, showed the location to have been next to a Jewish cemetery (1901–20), providing a reason for the human remains to be present. In the second case study, legal action was undertaken because a football ground suffered continual flooding. A desktop study preceded a geophysical survey that showed how the area was a former industrial works, infilled with sand but poorly drained, creating a ‘bowl’ into which urban drainage flowed, causing the flooding. The context of land-use change is an example of how useful such combined geological and historical studies can be (using spatial digital data in a GIS), regardless of the age of an object/area of potential forensic interest. A full desktop study should be carried out prior to any field survey to limit the chances of deploying incorrect search assets and misinterpreting discoveries.
Abstract The body of a missing person was found adjacent to a 3 km long sand-covered forest track in an upland area of Northern Ireland (UK). Geological trace evidence in the form of sand was found in the passenger footwell and on the foot pedals of a vehicle belonging to the last known associates of the deceased. A Geographical Information Science (GIS) methodology was used to integrate regional geological and soil databases to confirm the provenance of the sand and to find geographical locations for control (or alibi) samples. To complement the forensic examination in the case, 77 samples were taken at the scene in order to test whether such a collection assists knowledge of the scene, or whether fewer, targeted samples at access points to the body would have sufficed. The results demonstrate the potential applications of a GIS approach and show the usefulness of employing a spatial sampling scheme to understand the degree of local variability between samples. The findings from this study demonstrated that fewer samples would have been sufficient to associate the questioned items with the scene, yet would not have demonstrated how other areas of the track could be progressively excluded from comparison.
The construction of the Donegal composite batholith, Irish Caledonides: Temporal constraints from U-Pb dating of zircon and titanite
Chapter 14 Geological hazards from salt mining, brine extraction and natural salt dissolution in the UK
Abstract Salt mining along with natural and human-induced salt dissolution affects the ground over Permian and Triassic strata in the UK. In England, subsidence caused by salt mining, brine extraction and natural dissolution is known to have occurred in parts of Cheshire (including Northwich, Nantwich, Middlewich), Stafford, Blackpool, Preesall, Droitwich and Teeside/Middlesbrough; it also occurs around Carrickfergus in Northern Ireland. Subsidence ranges from rapid and catastrophic failure to gentle sagging of the ground, both forms being problematical for development, drainage and the installation of assets and infrastructure such as ground source heat pumps. This paper reviews the areas affected by salt subsidence and details the mitigation measures that have been used; the implications for planning in such areas are also considered.
Chapter 18 Radon gas hazard
Abstract Radon ( 222 Rn) is a natural radioactive gas that occurs in rocks and soils and can only be detected with special equipment. Radon is a major cause of lung cancer. Therefore, early detection is essential. The British Geological Survey and Public Health England have produced a series of maps showing radon affected areas based on underlying geology and indoor radon measurements, which help to identify radon-affected buildings. Many factors influence how much radon accumulates in buildings. Remedial work can be undertaken to reduce its passage into homes and workplaces and new buildings can be built with radon preventative measures.
The unification of gravity data for Ireland-Northern Ireland
Host-rock deformation during the emplacement of the Mourne Mountains granite pluton: Insights from the regional fracture pattern
Methodology for the determination of <63 µm free mica fines in sand and within the cement matrix of hardened concrete blocks using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy
Distinct sulfur saturation histories within the Palaeogene Magilligan Sill, Northern Ireland: implications for Ni – Cu – platinum group element mineralisation in the North Atlantic Igneous Province
Abstract Groundwater pathways and residence times are controlled by aquifer flow and storage properties, which, in weathered/fractured hard rock aquifers, are characterized by high spatial heterogeneity. Building on earlier work in a metamorphic aquifer in NW Ireland, new clay mineralogy and analyses of geophysical data provided high spatial resolution constraints on the variations in aquifer properties. Groundwater storage values derived from magnetic resonance sounding and electrical resistivity tomography were found to largely vary laterally and with depth, by orders of magnitude. The subsequent implementation of hillslope, two-dimensional numerical groundwater models showed that incorporating heterogeneity from geophysical data in model parametrization led to the best fit to observations compared with a reference model based on borehole data alone. Model simulations further revealed that (1) strong spatial heterogeneity produces deeper, longer groundwater flow paths and higher age mixing, in agreement with the mixed sub-modern/modern ages (mostly <50 years) provided by independent tritium data, and (2) areas with extensive weathering/fracturing are correlated with seepage zones of older groundwater resulting from changes in the flow directions and are likely to act as drainage structures for younger groundwater on a catchment or regional scale. Implications for groundwater resilience to climate extremes and surface pollution are discussed together with recommendations for further research.
A comparison of small strain stiffness in till as measured by seismic refraction and barometric loading response
Acid-saline-lake Systems of the Triassic Mercia Mudstone Group, County Antrim, Northern Ireland
Determination of contaminated land; making the right decision in the UK
Abstract Radon ( 222 Rn) has been highlighted by a number of authors as a significant public health concern. For example, it is the second most significant cause of lung cancer after tobacco smoking ( c. 1000–2000 and 21 000 deaths per year in the UK and USA, respectively), yet a very high proportion of the general public appears to be unaware of the risk. This chapter deals with topical radon issues, such as: radon in the workplace; radon in homes; exposure to radon during leisure activities; radon and water; measurement and monitoring; seasonal correction; remediation; cancer risks; cost–benefit analysis and cost-effectiveness; mapping; future policies; and further research. This assessment of the state of radon research is focused on the UK as an example of a country where radon has been on the governmental agenda since the late 1970s, but also highlights radon issues throughout the world in, for example, the USA, Europe and Asia.