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dams (2)
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data processing (5)
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Earth (1)
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electron microscopy (1)
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Europe
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Alps (1)
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Central Europe
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Southern Europe
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Iberian Peninsula
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Portugal
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Western Europe
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explosions (5)
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faults (44)
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hydrology (5)
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ichnofossils (4)
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igneous rocks
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plutonic rocks
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diabase (3)
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essexite (1)
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granites
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pegmatite (7)
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syenites
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nepheline syenite
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quartz syenite (1)
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ultramafics
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chromitite (1)
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volcanic rocks
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basalts
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inclusions
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intrusions (32)
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Invertebrata
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Insecta
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Pterygota
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Neoptera
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Trilobitomorpha
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Trilobita
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Brachiopoda (10)
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Echinodermata
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Mollusca
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Gastropoda
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Porifera
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Stromatoporoidea (3)
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Protista
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Foraminifera
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Rotaliina
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Rotaliacea
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Ammonia
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Ammonia beccarii (1)
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Textulariina
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Lituolacea (1)
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Vermes
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Annelida (2)
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isostasy (2)
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isotopes
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radioactive isotopes
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Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
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C-14 (4)
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Pb-210 (1)
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stable isotopes
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Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
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C-13/C-12 (5)
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O-18/O-16 (7)
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S-34/S-32 (1)
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lava (2)
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lineation (2)
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magmas (19)
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mantle (4)
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maps (25)
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Lower Cretaceous (1)
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Franciscan Complex (1)
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Jurassic
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Lower Jurassic
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East Berlin Formation (3)
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Hampden Basalt (1)
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Holyoke Basalt (2)
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Portland Formation (2)
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Toarcian (1)
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upper Liassic (1)
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Middle Jurassic (2)
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Kayenta Formation (1)
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Navajo Sandstone (1)
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Newark Supergroup (8)
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Triassic
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Middle Triassic
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Ladinian (1)
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Upper Triassic
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Carnian (1)
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Norian (1)
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metal ores
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copper ores (5)
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lead-zinc deposits (2)
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titanium ores (1)
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metals
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actinides
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uranium (1)
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alkali metals
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cesium
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Cs-137 (1)
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rubidium (1)
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alkaline earth metals
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beryllium
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Be-7 (1)
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calcium (2)
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magnesium (3)
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strontium (2)
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aluminum (1)
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chromium (1)
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copper (5)
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iron
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ferric iron (1)
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lead
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Pb-210 (1)
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manganese (3)
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nickel (2)
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platinum group (1)
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rare earths
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europium (1)
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yttrium (1)
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tin (1)
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zinc (1)
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zirconium (1)
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metamorphic rocks
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amphibolites (5)
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eclogite (1)
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gneisses
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granite gneiss (1)
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orthogneiss (2)
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tonalite gneiss (1)
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granulites (5)
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marbles (2)
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metaigneous rocks
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metadiabase (1)
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serpentinite (3)
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metaplutonic rocks (2)
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metasedimentary rocks
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metapelite (7)
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metasomatic rocks
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serpentinite (3)
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metavolcanic rocks (2)
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migmatites (3)
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mylonites (1)
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quartzites (2)
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schists
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blueschist (3)
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greenstone (3)
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slates (4)
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metamorphism (64)
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metasomatism (15)
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micropaleontology (2)
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mineral deposits, genesis (15)
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mineral exploration (1)
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mineral resources (1)
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mineralogy (57)
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minerals (20)
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noble gases
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argon
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Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
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North America
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Appalachians
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Catskill Mountains (1)
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Northern Appalachians (16)
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Southern Appalachians (1)
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Canadian Shield
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Grenville Province (3)
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Champlain Valley (8)
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Humber Zone (2)
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Lake Champlain (3)
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Rocky Mountains
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U. S. Rocky Mountains
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Bighorn Mountains (1)
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Saint Lawrence Lowlands (1)
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Saint Lawrence Valley (1)
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Northern Hemisphere (1)
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orogeny (25)
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oxygen
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O-18/O-16 (7)
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paleobotany (3)
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paleoclimatology (7)
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paleoecology (5)
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paleogeography (3)
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paleomagnetism (2)
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paleontology (47)
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Paleozoic
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Cambrian
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Acadian (2)
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Lower Cambrian
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Pinney Hollow Formation (1)
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Upper Cambrian
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Dresbachian (1)
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Trempealeauan (1)
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Carboniferous
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Mississippian (1)
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Pennsylvanian
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Upper Pennsylvanian (1)
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Devonian
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Gile Mountain Formation (6)
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Lower Devonian
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Littleton Formation (2)
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lower Paleozoic (3)
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middle Paleozoic (1)
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Ordovician
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Lower Ordovician
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Beekmantown Group (1)
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Tremadocian (1)
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Martinsburg Formation (1)
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Meguma Group (1)
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Middle Ordovician
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Ammonoosuc Volcanics (4)
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Chazy Group (2)
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Chazyan (2)
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Partridge Formation (2)
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Upper Ordovician
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Cortlandt Complex (1)
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Permian (3)
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Rangeley Formation (2)
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Silurian
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Lower Silurian (1)
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upper Paleozoic (1)
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Waits River Formation (5)
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palynomorphs
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miospores (1)
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paragenesis (7)
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permafrost (1)
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petroleum
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natural gas (1)
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petrology (52)
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phase equilibria (17)
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placers (1)
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Plantae
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algae
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calcareous algae (1)
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Chlorophyta
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Botryococcus (1)
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Charophyta (1)
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Rhodophyta (1)
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Pteridophyta
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Lycopsida (1)
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Sphenopsida
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Equisetales (1)
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Spermatophyta
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Angiospermae
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Dicotyledoneae
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Betula (1)
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Platanus (1)
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Quercus (1)
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Gymnospermae
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Ginkgoales
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Ginkgo (1)
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plate tectonics (14)
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pollution (1)
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Precambrian
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Adirondack Anorthosite (1)
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upper Precambrian
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Proterozoic
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Mesoproterozoic (1)
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Neoproterozoic (5)
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Paleoproterozoic (1)
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problematic fossils (1)
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reclamation (1)
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reefs (5)
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sea-level changes (2)
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sedimentary petrology (11)
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sedimentary rocks
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carbonate rocks
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dolostone (2)
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limestone (6)
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travertine (1)
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chemically precipitated rocks
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evaporites (1)
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tufa (1)
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clastic rocks
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arkose (2)
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black shale (1)
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conglomerate (1)
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mudstone (4)
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red beds (4)
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sandstone (5)
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shale (6)
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coal
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lignite (1)
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sedimentary structures
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bedding plane irregularities
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antidunes (1)
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dune structures (1)
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grooves (1)
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sand ridges (1)
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biogenic structures
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stromatolites (2)
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graded bedding (2)
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planar bedding structures
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bedding (1)
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cross-bedding (1)
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cross-laminations (1)
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sand bodies (1)
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varves (1)
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rhizoliths (1)
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secondary structures
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concretions (3)
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soft sediment deformation
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clastic dikes (1)
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turbidity current structures (2)
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sedimentation (11)
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sediments
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clastic sediments
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clay (1)
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erratics (1)
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gravel (1)
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kaolin (1)
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pebbles (1)
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sand (4)
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till (1)
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peat (1)
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seismology (6)
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slope stability (2)
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soils (2)
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spectroscopy (1)
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springs (2)
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stratigraphy (16)
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structural analysis (11)
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structural geology (22)
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sulfur
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S-34/S-32 (1)
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talc deposits (1)
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tectonics (40)
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tectonophysics (2)
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thallophytes (4)
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thermal waters (1)
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United States
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Alabama (1)
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Atlantic Coastal Plain (2)
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California (4)
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Colorado (1)
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Connecticut
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sedimentary rocks
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sedimentary rocks
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carbonate rocks
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limestone (6)
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travertine (1)
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chemically precipitated rocks
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tufa (1)
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clastic rocks
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arkose (2)
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black shale (1)
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conglomerate (1)
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mudstone (4)
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red beds (4)
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sandstone (5)
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shale (6)
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coal
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lignite (1)
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sedimentary structures
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burrows (2)
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channels (2)
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sedimentary structures
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bedding plane irregularities
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antidunes (1)
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dune structures (1)
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grooves (1)
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sand ridges (1)
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biogenic structures
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stromatolites (2)
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graded bedding (2)
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planar bedding structures
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bedding (1)
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cross-bedding (1)
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cross-laminations (1)
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sand bodies (1)
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varves (1)
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rhizoliths (1)
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secondary structures
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concretions (3)
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soft sediment deformation
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clastic dikes (1)
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turbidity current structures (2)
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stratification (1)
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striations (1)
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tracks (3)
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sediments
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sediments
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clastic sediments
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boulders (2)
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clay (1)
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gravel (1)
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kaolin (1)
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pebbles (1)
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sand (4)
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peat (1)
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soils
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paleosols (2)
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soils (2)
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Newly recognized blueschist-facies metamorphism (glaucophane-omphacite-garnet), Belvidere Mountain Complex, northern Appalachians
ABSTRACT The Appalachian Mountains in northern Vermont host a complex rock record of the tectonic evolution of eastern Laurentia, from the opening of the Iapetus Ocean to the subsequent formation of a convergent Paleozoic margin involving multiple phases of orogenesis. Prior 40 Ar/ 39 Ar studies in Vermont and northern Massachusetts have generally interpreted two major events associated with a dominantly Ordovician Taconic orogeny and a Devonian Acadian orogeny; intermediate ages were considered to reflect Taconic metamorphism and/or deformation that was “partially reset” during the Acadian orogeny. However, recent studies have documented Salinic ages in northern Vermont, aligning with multiple lines of evidence in southern Quebec for an intervening Salinic orogeny during the Silurian. This study reports integrated microstructural and 40 Ar/ 39 Ar geochronological analyses of samples collected across the Green Mountain anticlinorium in northern Vermont. The dominant S 2 and S 3 foliations are defined in thin section by predominantly white mica/quartz microlithons and aligned mica cleavage domains in schist to graphitic schist that formed under greenschist-facies conditions. Correlation of microstructures across the field area and associated 40 Ar/ 39 Ar plateau ages reveal a spatial pattern associated with microstructural development across the anticlinorium. In the eastern limb, the oldest plateau age, 457.6 ± 2.0 Ma (1σ), is interpreted to reflect the timing of formation of S 2 . The youngest plateau age, 419.0 ± 2.4 Ma, comes from the western limb of the anticline near the trace of the Honey Hollow fault, where S 2 is completely transposed by S 3 . Intermediate ages were obtained across the axis of the anticline, where S 3 is a crenulation cleavage. While the Green Mountain anticlinorium has been previously interpreted to have formed in the Devonian during the Acadian orogeny, the typical ca. 386–355 Ma ages are notably absent in the data set, except in locally disturbed spectra. The results of this work are closely aligned with published results of 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dating in southern Quebec that reflect deformation during Taconic and Salinic orogenesis. These new data, together with recently reported ages of west-directed transport on Taconic thrusts along the western Green Mountain front at ca. 420 Ma, suggest a phase of mountain building in the New England Appalachians that has been previously unreported in Vermont. The formation of the Green Mountain anticlinorium coincided with a complex tectonic interval that overlapped temporally with (1) the transition from Salinic thrusting to normal faulting, (2) magmatism attributed to slab breakoff, and (3) syntectonic deposition in the Connecticut Valley–Gaspé Basin.
Impact of stream power gradients on storage of sediment and carbon on channel margins and floodplains
Petrogenesis of arsenic and platinum-group minerals from a partially serpentinized dunite in East Dover, Vermont, USA
BULK CARBON ISOTOPIC VARIABILITY WITHIN LEAVES
Evidence for a lithospheric step and pervasive lithospheric thinning beneath southern New England, northeastern USA
The illustration of dinosaur tracks through time
ABSTRACT Dinosaur tracks have been illustrated since they were first found. The earliest illustrations depicted dinosaur tracks as the work of mythical beings. With the advent of scientific inquiry into dinosaur tracks in the nineteenth century, natural explanations were sought for the fossil tracks. Illustrations of the period were relatively realistic but were influenced by then-current beliefs and were constrained by the artists’ skills and by what scientists considered salient. In the mid-nineteenth century, the first photographs were used for the scientific study of fossil tracks. Photography eliminated some limitations of artistic talent and showed complete specimens, not just aspects that were deemed salient. The ability to compare and name similar tracks from disparate authors and places became easier. Advances in photography, laser scanning, optical scanning and lidar, and the ability to manipulate images with computers, have enabled the modern synthesis of illustrating dinosaur tracks, which combines many types of images. With each advance and the adoption of newer technologies, the older methods have not been retired. Rather, we have continued to see new uses for old methods and an integration of illustrative styles. For Patrick. Your friendship and your vision will be so deeply missed.
The 2021 GSA Northeastern, Southeastern, joint North-Central/South-Central, and Cordilleran Section Meet-ings were held virtually in spring 2021 during continued restrictions on travel and large gatherings due to COVID-19. Eleven groups put together field guides, taking participants on treks to states from Connecticut to Nevada in the United States, to Mexico, and to Italy, and covering topics as varied as bedrock geologic map-ping, geochemistry, paleodrainage, barrier islands, karst, spring systems, a southern Appalachian transect, Ordo-vician and Mississippian stratigraphy, high-energy events, Cretaceous arc granites and dextral shear zones, and Mesoproterozoic igneous rocks. This volume serves as a valuable resource for those wishing to discover, learn more about, and travel through these geologically fascinating areas.