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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
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Simulating seismic wavefields using generative artificial intelligence
Vulnerability of suspension bridges to spatially variable vertical ground motions
Memories of the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake
Modeling post-disaster recovery: Accounting for rental and multi-family housing
Reliable Earthquake Source Parameters Using Distributed Acoustic Sensing Data Derived from Coda Envelopes
Upper crustal seismic velocity structure of the Hayward fault zone, San Francisco Bay, California, USA: Results from the 2016 East Bay Seismic Experiment (EBSI-16)
Chronostratigraphy of Miocene strata in the Berkeley Hills (California Coast Ranges, USA) and the arrival of the San Andreas transform boundary
Crustal block-controlled contrasts in deformation, uplift, and exhumation in the Santa Cruz Mountains, California, USA, imaged through apatite (U-Th)/He thermochronology and 3-D geological modeling
Two Asian cricetodontine-like muroid rodents from the Neogene of western North America
Site characterization at Treasure Island and Delaney Park downhole arrays by heterogeneous data assimilation
Evaluation and Updates for the USGS San Francisco Bay Region 3D Seismic Velocity Model in the East and North Bay Portions
Nodal Seismic Experiment at the Berkeley Section of the Hayward Fault
ABSTRACT Mount Diablo Coalfield was the largest producer of coal in California from the 1860s to 1906. The now-depleted coalfield is located on the northeast limb of the Mount Diablo anticline. The mineable coal seams occur in the Middle Eocene Domengine Formation, which is predominantly composed of quartz-rich sandstone with several thin coal seams. As many as 26 mine operations were established to mine the coal, and it has been estimated that the total production exceeded 4 million tons. The coal fueled the industrial growth of the major cities of northern California. The mines closed at the turn of the nineteenth century as competition from better coals from Washington Territory and overseas entered the market. After coal mining was abandoned, sand operations were established in the early and mid-twentieth century to mine the silica-rich sandstone. The extraction methods used for sand were underground room-and-pillar mining and surface open-pit mining. The high-quality sand was used widely in the production of pottery and glass, and in foundries. Previous studies have interpreted the environment of deposition of these quartz-rich sandstone and coal deposits as barrier island with tidal channels or delta, tidal shelf, and marsh complexes along a north-south–trending shoreline. However, the excellent exposures in the sand mines display abundant evidence for their deposition in a fluvial/estuarine system. Their regional distribution indicates that they were deposited in a northeast-southwest–trending incised-valley system formed by fluvial incision during a lowstand. The incised valley was filled with fluvial and estuarine deposits made up of quartz-rich sand brought in by streams that flowed westward from the Sierra Nevada.