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Quantitative Mineral Mapping of Drill Core Surfaces II: Long-Wave Infrared Mineral Characterization Using μ XRF and Machine Learning
Quantitative Mineral Mapping of Drill Core Surfaces I: A Method for µ XRF Mineral Calculation and Mapping of Hydrothermally Altered, Fine-Grained Sedimentary Rocks from a Carlin-Type Gold Deposit
Chapter 16: Giant Carlin-Type Gold Deposits of the Cortez District, Lander and Eureka Counties, Nevada
Abstract The Cortez district is in one of the four major Carlin-type gold deposit trends in the Great Basin province of Nevada and contains three giant (>10 Moz) gold orebodies: Pipeline, Cortez Hills, and Goldrush, including the recently discovered Fourmile extension of the Goldrush deposit. The district has produced >21 Moz (653 t) of gold and contains an additional 26 Moz (809 t) in reserves and resources. The Carlin-type deposits occur in two large structural windows (Gold Acres and Cortez) of Ordovician through Devonian shelf- and slope-facies carbonate rocks exposed through deformed, time-equivalent lower Paleozoic siliciclastic rocks of the overlying Roberts Mountains thrust plate. Juxtaposition of these contrasting Paleozoic strata occurred during the late Paleozoic Antler orogeny along the Roberts Mountains thrust. Both upper and lower plate sequences were further deformed by Mesozoic compressional events. Regional extension, commencing in the Eocene, opened high- and low-angle structural conduits for mineralizing solutions and resulted in gold deposition in reactive carbonate units in structural traps, including antiforms and fault-propagated folds. The Pipeline and Cortez Hills deposits are located adjacent to the Cretaceous Gold Acres and Jurassic Mill Canyon granodioritic stocks, respectively; although these stocks are genetically unrelated to the later Carlin-type mineralization event, their thermal metamorphic aureoles may have influenced ground preparation for later gold deposition. Widespread decarbonatization, argillization, and silicification of the carbonate host rocks accompanied gold mineralization, with gold precipitated within As-rich rims on fine-grained pyrite. Pipeline and Cortez Hills also display deep supergene oxidation of the hypogene sulfide mineralization. Carlin-type mineralization in the district is believed to have been initiated in the late Eocene (>35 Ma) based on the age of late- to postmineral rhyolite dikes at Cortez Hills. The Carlin-type gold deposits in the district share common structural, stratigraphic, alteration, and ore mineralogic characteristics that reflect common modes of orebody formation. Ore-forming fluids were channeled along both low-angle structures (Pipeline, Goldrush/Fourmile) and high-angle features (Cortez Hills), and gold mineralization was deposited in Late Ordovician through Devonian limestone, limy mudstone, and calcareous siltstone. The Carlin-type gold fluids are interpreted to be low-salinity (2–3 wt % NaCl equiv), low-temperature (220°–270°C), and weakly acidic, analogous to those in other Carlin-type gold deposits in the Great Basin. The observed characteristics of the Cortez Carlin-type gold deposits are consistent with the recently proposed deep magmatic genetic model. Although the deposits occur over a wide geographic area in the district, it is possible that they initially formed in greater proximity to each other and were then spatially separated during Miocene and post-Miocene regional extension.
New edrioasterine and astrocystitid (Echinodermata: Edrioasteroidea) from the Ninemile Shale (Lower Ordovician), central Nevada
Early Cretaceous construction of a structural culmination, Eureka, Nevada, U.S.A.: Implications for out-of-sequence deformation in the Sevier hinterland
Early Ordovician Mitrates and A Possible Solute (Echinodermata) from the Western United States
Unraveling the stacking structure in tubular halloysite using a new TEM with computer-assisted minimal-dose system
Detecting Large-scale Intracontinental Slow-slip Events (SSEs) Using Geodograms
REMEMBERING FIRST OIL IN NEVADA
Systematics of the Koneprusiine Trilobites, with new Taxa from the Silurian and Devonian of Laurentia
Age and petrogenesis of volcanic and intrusive rocks in the Sulphur Spring Range, central Nevada: Comparisons with ore-associated Eocene magma systems in the Great Basin
Abstract In central Nevada, a series of angular unconformities records protracted orogenic activity between middle Mississippian and late Permian time. These unconformities are regional, and can be correlated with lithofacies boundaries at their distal edges. Both the unconformities and the tectonically created sedimentary basins they bound are best expressed in a north-south belt of localities from Winnemucca south to the Las Vegas area. This paper briefly describes seven localities where rocks display both structural and stratigraphic features related to one or more of these unconformities and their related tectonic events. At Edna Mountain, the record is both stratigraphic and structural, and is mostly from the Pennsylvanian. At Carlin Canyon, we will look at both Mississippian and Pennsylvanian folding, thrusting, and unconformities. In the Diamond Range, we will see evidence that Pennsylvanian folding is regionally important. At Secret Canyon, the record is mostly of Permian deformation and sedimentation. In the Hot Creek Range, we will see southern versions of Mississippian stratigraphy, and thrusting that is late Paleozoic in age. In the Timpahute Mountains, complex faulting is also believed to be late Paleozoic.