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Local‐Distance Seismic Event Relocation and Relative Magnitude Estimation, Applications to Mining Related Seismicity in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming
Sulfur Isotopes in Biogenically and Abiogenically Derived Uranium Roll-Front Deposits
Sequence stratigraphy of the lower Pierre Shale of the southern Powder River Basin: A ramp margin sequence that terminates Niobrara Formation carbonate deposition
Structure, Timing, and Kinematics of the Early Eocene South Fork Slide, Northwest Wyoming, USA
Hydraulic fracturing and wellbore completion of coalbed methane wells in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming: Implications for water and gas production
Geochronology of clinker and implications for evolution of the Powder River Basin landscape, Wyoming and Montana
Abstract In the Powder River Basin of southeast Montana and northeast Wyoming, coal beds exposed by regional erosion have burned naturally from as early as the Pliocene to the present. Layers of reddish clinker, formed by baking, welding, and melting of sediments above burned coal beds, cover over 4000 km 2 and cap ridges and escarpments throughout the dissected landscape of the Powder River Basin. Fission-track (ZFT) and (U-Th)/He (ZHe) ages of zircon grains from baked sandstones in clinker provide new insights about rates of regional erosion as well as episodic advance of coal fires into hillsides. Older, resistant clinker layers up to 60 m thick, formed by the burning of thick coal beds, cap summits and broad benches. Younger clinker rims, from thinner coals, form ledges on valley sides. ZHe ages of clinker, mainly from the Wyodak-anderson coal zone of the fort Union formation in the Rochelle Hills east of Wright, Wyoming, and from the Wyodak-anderson and Knobloch coal zones in the Tongue River valley near Ashland and Birney, Montana, range from 1.1 Ma to 10 ka. These dates generally agree with ZFT ages of clinker analyzed in the early 1980s, but they are a more precise record of ancient coal fires in the region. Our data indicate 0.2–0.4 km of vertical erosion in the past 1 m.y. Spatial-temporal patterns of clinker ages may prove to be useful in deciphering the patterns of fluvial incision and basin excavation in the Powder River Basin during the late Cenozoic and in weighing the relative importance of uplift, variations in climate, and base-level change.
Application of remote-sensing and ground-truth techniques in determining the effects of coalbed-methane discharge waters on soils and vegetation
Sr isotope tracing of aquifer interactions in an area of accelerating coal-bed methane production, Powder River Basin, Wyoming
Species diversity, tooth size, and shape of Haplomylus (Condylarthra, Hyopsodontidae) from the Powder River basin, northeastern Wyoming
Timing of compaction and quartz cementation from integrated petrographic and burial-history analyses, Lower Cretaceous Fall River Formation, Wyoming and South Dakota
High-resolution sequence stratigraphic analysis of the Shannon Sandstone in Wyoming, using a template for regional correlation
Shannon Sandstone in Hartzog Draw-Heldt Draw fields (Cretaceous, Wyoming, USA) reinterpreted as lowstand shoreface deposits
Pyrometamorphic rocks associated with naturally burned coal beds, Powder River basin, Wyoming
Dorite [Ca 2 (Mg 2 Fe (super 3+) 4 )(Al 4 Si 2 )O 20 ], a new member of the aenigmatite group from a pyrometamorphic melt-rock
Fission tracks are zones of intense damage that result when fission fragments pass through a solid. 238 U is the only naturally occurring isotope whose decay rate results in a significant number of tracks over geologic time. Spontaneous fission of 238 U occurs at a known rate, and by determining the number of fission tracks and the amount of uranium present in a mineral or glass, its age may be determined. Many geologic materials contain trace amounts of uranium, but because of such factors as uranium abundance and track retention, zircon and glass are the only materials routinely dated in Quaternary samples. Applications of fission-track dating to Quaternary studies include the dating of volcanic ash and archaeological material. The method has also been used to determine the rate of landform development in the Powder River Basin of Wyoming through the dating of clinker formed by the natural burning of coal beds. In the Himalayas of northern Pakistan, fission-track dating of zircon and apatite has shown that uplift rates during the Quaternary were as high as 1 cm/yr, which accounts for the incredible mountainous relief.