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NARROW
Format
Article Type
Journal
Publisher
Section
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Africa
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Central Africa
-
Angola (1)
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Congo Basin (1)
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East Africa
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Zambia (1)
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Kalahari Desert (1)
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North Africa
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Egypt (1)
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Morocco (2)
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Tunisia (1)
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Sahara (1)
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Southern Africa
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Namibia
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Tsumeb Namibia (1)
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South Africa
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Bushveld Complex (3)
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Merensky Reef (2)
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North-West Province South Africa (1)
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Transvaal region (2)
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West Africa
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Nigeria (1)
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Antarctica
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Arctic Ocean
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Norwegian Sea
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Arctic region
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Greenland
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Svalbard
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Arran (22)
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Asia
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Middle East
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North Sea
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Northeast Atlantic
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Northwest Atlantic (1)
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Rockall Trough (11)
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South Atlantic
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Lower Congo Basin (1)
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Atlantic Ocean Islands
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Atlantic region (16)
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Ontario (3)
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Nunavut
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East Pacific Ocean Islands
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Hawaii
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Hawaii County Hawaii
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Europe
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Central Europe
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Iceland (6)
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Kildare Ireland (3)
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Leinster (5)
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Mayo Ireland (56)
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Scandinavia
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Sweden (1)
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United Kingdom
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Great Britain
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England
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Derbyshire England (3)
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Devon England (2)
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London Basin (3)
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Somerset England (2)
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Staffordshire England (1)
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Wessex Basin (2)
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Wiltshire England
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Stonehenge (1)
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Worcestershire England (1)
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Scotland
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Argyllshire Scotland
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Islay (17)
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Jura Island (2)
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Kintyre (4)
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Mull Island (38)
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Ayrshire Scotland
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Girvan Scotland (25)
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Edinburgh Scotland (1)
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Firth of Clyde (11)
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Galloway Scotland (2)
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Great Glen Fault (18)
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Hebrides
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Inner Hebrides
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Islay (17)
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Isle of Skye (122)
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Jura Island (2)
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Mull Island (38)
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Raasay (12)
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Rhum (52)
-
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Outer Hebrides (42)
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Highland region Scotland
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Ardnamurchan (12)
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Caithness Scotland (3)
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Gairloch Scotland (7)
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Inverness-shire Scotland
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Inverness Scotland (1)
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Isle of Skye (122)
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Raasay (12)
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Rhum (52)
-
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Ross-shire Scotland (8)
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Sutherland Scotland
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Assynt (6)
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Scourie Scotland (11)
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-
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Moine thrust zone (37)
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Moray Firth (3)
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Orkney Islands (4)
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Perthshire Scotland (1)
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Scottish Highlands
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Grampian Highlands (18)
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Scottish Northern Highlands (13)
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Shetland Islands (9)
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Wales
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Anglesey Wales (6)
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Cardiganshire Wales (1)
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Gwynedd Wales
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Merionethshire Wales
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Pembrokeshire Wales
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Pembroke Wales (7)
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Powys Wales (1)
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South Wales (2)
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Welsh Basin (2)
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Isle of Man (1)
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Northern Ireland
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Antrim Northern Ireland (21)
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Belfast Northern Ireland (2)
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Fermanagh Northern Ireland (5)
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Giant's Causeway (2)
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Londonderry Northern Ireland (2)
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Tyrone Northern Ireland (5)
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Fire Island (1)
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Glen Coe (1)
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Harris (5)
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Highland Boundary Fault (12)
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Lake District (4)
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Mediterranean region
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Mediterranean Sea (1)
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Midland Valley (20)
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Midlands (12)
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Newport Bay (1)
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North America
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Appalachians
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Basin and Range Province
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Great Basin (1)
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Canadian Shield
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Humber Zone (1)
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Keweenawan Rift (2)
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Northern Highlands (9)
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Oceania
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Polynesia
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Hawaii
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Hawaii County Hawaii
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Kilauea (1)
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-
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Orcadian Basin (2)
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Pacific region
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Pacific mobile belt (1)
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Raton Basin (2)
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Red Hill (1)
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Russian Platform
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Saint Kilda (2)
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South America
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Brazil
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Peru (1)
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Southern Uplands (32)
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Thames River (1)
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United States
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Atlantic Coastal Plain (1)
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Bighorn Basin (1)
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California
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Mono County California
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San Diego County California
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Eastern U.S. (1)
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Hawaii
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Hawaii County Hawaii
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metal ores
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platinum ores (5)
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polymetallic ores (3)
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zinc ores (31)
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mineral deposits, genesis (56)
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mineral exploration (28)
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petroleum
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placers (3)
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salt deposits (1)
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water resources (5)
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elements, isotopes
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boron (1)
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carbon
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C-14 (19)
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organic carbon (7)
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chemical elements (1)
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chemical ratios (7)
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halogens
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bromine
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chlorine
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Cl-36 (2)
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fluorine (1)
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hydrogen
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tritium (2)
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isotope ratios (90)
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isotopes
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C-14 (19)
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Cl-36 (2)
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (10)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (8)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (7)
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Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
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Rn-222 (2)
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (3)
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tritium (2)
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stable isotopes
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Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
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C-13/C-12 (34)
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Cr-53/Cr-52 (1)
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D/H (6)
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deuterium (4)
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Fe-56/Fe-54 (1)
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He-4/He-3 (1)
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Hf-177/Hf-176 (3)
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (11)
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O-18/O-16 (46)
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (10)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (8)
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Pb-207/Pb-206 (2)
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Pb-208 (1)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (7)
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Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
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S-34/S-32 (23)
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (3)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (25)
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large-ion lithophile elements (2)
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Lu/Hf (5)
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metals
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actinides
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thorium (4)
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uranium
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alkali metals
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lithium (3)
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potassium
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K-40 (1)
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rubidium
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sodium (2)
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alkaline earth metals
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barium (1)
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beryllium
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Be-10 (6)
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calcium
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Mg/Ca (1)
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Sr/Ca (2)
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magnesium
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Mg/Ca (1)
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radium (1)
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strontium
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Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
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Sr/Ca (2)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (25)
-
-
-
aluminum
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Al-26 (1)
-
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chromium
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Cr-53/Cr-52 (1)
-
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cobalt (1)
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copper (2)
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gold (1)
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hafnium
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Hf-177/Hf-176 (3)
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iron
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ferrous iron (1)
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lead
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (8)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (7)
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rare earths
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neodymium
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (11)
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (3)
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samarium
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yttrium (3)
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nitrogen (1)
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noble gases
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helium
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radon
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Rn-222 (2)
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oxygen
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O-18/O-16 (46)
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phosphorus (2)
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tellurium (1)
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dinosaurs
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Graptolithina
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Didymograptina
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Hemichordata (1)
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Invertebrata
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Arthropoda
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Mandibulata
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Ostracoda
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Podocopida
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Cytherocopina
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Myriapoda (1)
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-
Trilobitomorpha
-
Trilobita
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Ptychopariida (1)
-
-
-
-
Brachiopoda
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Articulata (1)
-
-
Bryozoa
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Cryptostomata
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Rhabdomesidae (1)
-
-
-
Cnidaria
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Anthozoa
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Zoantharia
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Rugosa (1)
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Tabulata (1)
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-
-
-
Echinodermata
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Asterozoa (1)
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Crinozoa
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Crinoidea (12)
-
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Echinozoa
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Echinoidea (1)
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Edrioasteroidea (1)
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Homalozoa
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Machaeridia (1)
-
-
-
Mollusca
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Bivalvia
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Heterodonta
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Veneroida
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Astartidae
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Astarte (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Cephalopoda
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Ammonoidea
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Ammonites (2)
-
Goniatitida
-
Goniatitidae
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Goniatites (1)
-
-
-
-
Coleoidea
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Belemnoidea
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Belemnitidae (2)
-
-
-
-
Gastropoda
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Archaeogastropoda
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Bellerophontina (1)
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-
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Hyolithes (1)
-
-
Porifera
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Stromatoporoidea (2)
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Protista
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Foraminifera
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Fusulinina (1)
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Miliolina
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Miliolacea
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Quinqueloculina (1)
-
-
-
Rotaliina
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Globigerinacea
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Neogloboquadrina
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Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (1)
-
-
-
Rotaliacea
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Ammonia (1)
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Elphidium (1)
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Rotalia (1)
-
-
-
Textulariina
-
Lituolacea
-
Lituolidae
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Haplophragmoides (1)
-
-
Trochammina (1)
-
-
-
-
Thecamoeba (1)
-
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Vermes
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Annelida (1)
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Polychaeta
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Serpulidae (1)
-
-
-
-
microfossils
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Chitinozoa (2)
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Conodonta (10)
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Fusulinina (1)
-
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palynomorphs
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acritarchs (5)
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Chitinozoa (2)
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Dinoflagellata (7)
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miospores
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pollen (8)
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-
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Plantae
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algae
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Chlorophyta
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Botryococcus (1)
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Coccolithophoraceae (1)
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diatoms (2)
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Pyrrhophyta (1)
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Rhodophyta
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Corallinaceae
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Lithothamnium (1)
-
-
-
-
Spermatophyta
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Angiospermae
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Dicotyledoneae (1)
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Gymnospermae
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Coniferae (1)
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Ginkgoales
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Ginkgo (1)
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Pteridospermae (1)
-
-
-
-
problematic fossils (3)
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thallophytes (5)
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tracks (11)
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trails (1)
-
-
geochronology methods
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(U-Th)/He (3)
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Ar/Ar (30)
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exposure age (5)
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fission-track dating (9)
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He/He (1)
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K/Ar (17)
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Lu/Hf (5)
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Nd/Nd (1)
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optically stimulated luminescence (1)
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paleomagnetism (35)
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Pb/Pb (11)
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radiation damage (1)
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Rb/Sr (28)
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Re/Os (8)
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Sm/Nd (14)
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Sr/Sr (1)
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Th/U (2)
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thermochronology (3)
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tree rings (2)
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U/Pb (92)
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U/Th/Pb (3)
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geologic age
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Cenozoic
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Quaternary
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Holocene
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lower Holocene (1)
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middle Holocene (1)
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Neoglacial (1)
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Subboreal (1)
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upper Holocene (7)
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Pleistocene
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middle Pleistocene (1)
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upper Pleistocene
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Devensian
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upper Devensian (5)
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Weichselian
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Loch Lomond Stade (3)
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upper Weichselian
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Younger Dryas (9)
-
-
-
-
-
upper Quaternary (5)
-
-
Stone Age
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Neolithic (1)
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Tertiary
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lower Tertiary (1)
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Neogene
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Miocene
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Columbia River Basalt Group (1)
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Topopah Spring Member (1)
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Pliocene
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Cimmerian (1)
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upper Pliocene (1)
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-
-
Paleogene
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Eocene
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lower Eocene (1)
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middle Eocene (2)
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upper Eocene (1)
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Oligocene
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upper Oligocene
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Chattian (2)
-
-
-
Paleocene
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lower Paleocene
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K-T boundary (3)
-
-
upper Paleocene (3)
-
-
Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (1)
-
-
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upper Cenozoic (1)
-
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Coal Measures (1)
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Dalradian (103)
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Mesozoic
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Carrara Marble (1)
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Cretaceous
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Lower Cretaceous
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Albian (1)
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Aptian (1)
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Barremian (1)
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Berriasian (1)
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Valanginian (1)
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Middle Cretaceous (1)
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Upper Cretaceous
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Cenomanian (1)
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K-T boundary (3)
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Santonian (2)
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Senonian (3)
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-
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Jurassic
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Lower Jurassic
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lower Liassic (1)
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Sinemurian (2)
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Toarcian (1)
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Triassic-Jurassic boundary (1)
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upper Liassic (1)
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Middle Jurassic
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Aalenian (1)
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Bajocian
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Etive Formation (1)
-
-
Bathonian (14)
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Callovian (2)
-
-
Oxford Clay (1)
-
Upper Jurassic
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Kimmeridgian
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lower Kimmeridgian (1)
-
-
Oxfordian (3)
-
Sundance Formation (1)
-
-
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic
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Bunter (1)
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Scythian (1)
-
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Sherwood Sandstone (6)
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Upper Triassic
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Mercia Mudstone (3)
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Triassic-Jurassic boundary (1)
-
-
-
-
Paleozoic
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Cambrian
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Acadian (1)
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Lower Cambrian (6)
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Middle Cambrian
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Burgess Shale (3)
-
-
Upper Cambrian (4)
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Carboniferous
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Hale Formation (1)
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Lower Carboniferous
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Asbian (5)
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Dinantian (45)
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Middle Carboniferous (1)
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Mississippian
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Barnett Shale (1)
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Lower Mississippian
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Lake Valley Formation (1)
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Osagian (1)
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Tournaisian
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upper Tournaisian (1)
-
-
-
Macumber Formation (1)
-
Middle Mississippian
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Visean
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upper Visean (1)
-
-
-
Upper Mississippian
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Serpukhovian (3)
-
-
Windsor Group (1)
-
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Namurian (9)
-
Pennsylvanian
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Lower Pennsylvanian
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Bashkirian (1)
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Morrowan (1)
-
-
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Silesian (2)
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Upper Carboniferous
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Millstone Grit (1)
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Westphalian (5)
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-
-
Devonian
-
Lower Devonian
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Emsian (1)
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Pragian (1)
-
-
Middle Devonian
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Eifelian (1)
-
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Old Red Sandstone (35)
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Upper Devonian
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Famennian
-
upper Famennian (1)
-
-
-
Upper Old Red Sandstone (1)
-
-
Leinster Granite (11)
-
lower Paleozoic (16)
-
Ordovician
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Arenigian
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Ballantrae Complex (6)
-
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Manx Group (2)
-
Tremadocian (2)
-
-
Martinsburg Formation (1)
-
Middle Ordovician
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Darriwilian (2)
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Llandeilian (1)
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Llanvirnian (5)
-
-
Tetagouche Group (2)
-
Upper Ordovician
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Ashgillian (6)
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Caradocian (6)
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Katian (4)
-
Sandbian (3)
-
-
-
Permian
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Lower Permian (3)
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Rotliegendes (1)
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Upper Permian (1)
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Sauk Sequence (1)
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Silurian
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Lower Silurian
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Llandovery
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Aberystwyth Grits (1)
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Rhuddanian (1)
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Telychian (1)
-
-
Wenlock (7)
-
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Middle Silurian (4)
-
Upper Silurian
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Ludlow (1)
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Pridoli (3)
-
-
-
upper Paleozoic (5)
-
-
Phanerozoic (4)
-
Precambrian
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Archean
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Neoarchean (7)
-
-
Eocambrian (1)
-
Lewisian Complex (49)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Lewisian (26)
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Laxfordian (20)
-
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Cryogenian (2)
-
Ediacaran
-
Wonoka Formation (1)
-
-
Infracambrian (3)
-
Marinoan (2)
-
Moine Supergroup (15)
-
Moinian (16)
-
Riphean (2)
-
Sturtian (5)
-
Tonian (3)
-
Torridonian (43)
-
Vendian (3)
-
-
Paleoproterozoic (26)
-
-
-
-
Rhenohercynian (1)
-
-
igneous rocks
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extrusive rocks (1)
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igneous rocks
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carbonatites (2)
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feldspathoid rocks (1)
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granophyre (5)
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hypabyssal rocks (1)
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peperite (2)
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picrite (7)
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plutonic rocks
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anorthosite (8)
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appinite (4)
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crinanite (3)
-
diabase
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olivine diabase (1)
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quartz diabase (1)
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tholeiitic dolerite (1)
-
-
diorites
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ferrodiorite (1)
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plagiogranite (1)
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tonalite (5)
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trondhjemite (2)
-
-
gabbros
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alkali gabbros
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teschenite (1)
-
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norite (4)
-
olivine gabbro (1)
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troctolite (6)
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-
granites
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alkali granites (1)
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aplite (1)
-
A-type granites (1)
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biotite granite (1)
-
felsite (7)
-
I-type granites (1)
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leucogranite (1)
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microgranite (2)
-
S-type granites (2)
-
-
granodiorites (10)
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lamprophyres
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camptonite (1)
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monchiquite (3)
-
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monzodiorite (1)
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pegmatite (11)
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syenites
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microsyenite (1)
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nepheline syenite (1)
-
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ultramafics
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chromitite (4)
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peridotites
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lherzolite (2)
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spinel lherzolite (2)
-
-
pyroxenite
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websterite (1)
-
-
-
-
porphyry
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vitrophyre (2)
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-
volcanic rocks
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adakites (1)
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andesites
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boninite (1)
-
-
basalts
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alkali basalts
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alkali olivine basalt (1)
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mugearite (1)
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spilite (1)
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columnar basalt (1)
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flood basalts (6)
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mid-ocean ridge basalts (7)
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ocean-island basalts (1)
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tholeiite (7)
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tholeiitic basalt (1)
-
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dacites (3)
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glasses
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pitchstone (1)
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volcanic glass (1)
-
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pyroclastics
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hyaloclastite (2)
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ignimbrite (9)
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tuff (11)
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welded tuff (2)
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rhyodacites (6)
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rhyolites (16)
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trachyandesites (2)
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trachytes (2)
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vitrophyre (2)
-
-
-
ophiolite (15)
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volcanic ash (2)
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metamorphic rocks
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K-bentonite (3)
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metabentonite (1)
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metamorphic rocks
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amphibolites (6)
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cataclasites (3)
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eclogite (4)
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gneisses
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augen gneiss (1)
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granite gneiss (1)
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orthogneiss (4)
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paragneiss (2)
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granulites (5)
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hornfels (3)
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impactites
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impact breccia
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suevite (3)
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-
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marbles (8)
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metacarbonate rocks (2)
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metaigneous rocks
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metabasalt (3)
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metabasite (2)
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metadiabase (3)
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metagabbro (9)
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metagranite (2)
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metapyroxenite (1)
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serpentinite (2)
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metaplutonic rocks (1)
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metasedimentary rocks
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meta-arkose (1)
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metaconglomerate (2)
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metagraywacke (1)
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metalimestone (1)
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metapelite (5)
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metasandstone (1)
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paragneiss (2)
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metasomatic rocks
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fenite (1)
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serpentinite (2)
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skarn (7)
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metavolcanic rocks (3)
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migmatites (8)
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mylonites
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pseudotachylite (11)
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phyllites (2)
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phyllonites (2)
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quartzites (9)
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schists
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blueschist (1)
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slates (3)
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ophiolite (15)
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turbidite (20)
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meteorites
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meteorites
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micrometeorites (1)
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stony meteorites
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chondrites (1)
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-
-
-
minerals
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alabaster (1)
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alloys
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nitrides (1)
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-
arsenates
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pharmacosiderite (1)
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scorodite (1)
-
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arsenides
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arsenopyrite (1)
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borates
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sakhaite (1)
-
-
carbonates
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ankerite (1)
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aragonite (2)
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calcite (14)
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cerussite (1)
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dolomite (7)
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ikaite (1)
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magnesian calcite (1)
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magnesite (1)
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sakhaite (1)
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siderite (1)
-
smithsonite (1)
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spurrite (1)
-
-
halides
-
chlorides
-
halite (1)
-
-
-
K-bentonite (3)
-
metabentonite (1)
-
minerals (21)
-
native elements
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graphite (3)
-
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oxides
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baddeleyite (2)
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cassiterite (1)
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chrome spinel (4)
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chromite (2)
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ferrihydrite (1)
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goethite (1)
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hematite (2)
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ilmenite (2)
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magnetite (7)
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perovskite (1)
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spinel (6)
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spinel group (2)
-
-
phosphates
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apatite (21)
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britholite (1)
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monazite (7)
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vivianite (1)
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xenotime (1)
-
-
selenides (1)
-
silicates
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chain silicates
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aenigmatite group
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sapphirine (1)
-
-
amphibole group
-
alkalic amphibole (1)
-
clinoamphibole
-
hornblende (4)
-
-
-
prehnite (1)
-
pyroxene group
-
clinopyroxene
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augite (3)
-
hedenbergite (1)
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pigeonite (1)
-
spodumene (2)
-
-
orthopyroxene (4)
-
-
tobermorite (1)
-
wollastonite group
-
wollastonite (4)
-
-
-
framework silicates
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
anorthoclase (1)
-
K-feldspar (8)
-
perthite (1)
-
sanidine (2)
-
-
plagioclase
-
albite (1)
-
-
-
scapolite group
-
scapolite (1)
-
-
silica minerals
-
quartz (13)
-
-
zeolite group
-
analcime (1)
-
chabazite (1)
-
erionite (1)
-
phillipsite (1)
-
thomsonite (1)
-
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
britholite group
-
britholite (1)
-
-
garnet group
-
almandine (2)
-
andradite (1)
-
grossular (5)
-
hydrogarnet
-
hydrogrossular (1)
-
-
pyrope (1)
-
-
harkerite (2)
-
kyanite (4)
-
merwinite (1)
-
mullite (1)
-
olivine group
-
fayalite (3)
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forsterite (2)
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laihunite (1)
-
olivine (12)
-
-
sillimanite (2)
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spurrite (1)
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staurolite (2)
-
titanite group
-
titanite (5)
-
-
zircon group
-
thorite (1)
-
zircon (75)
-
-
-
sorosilicates
-
chevkinite group
-
chevkinite (1)
-
-
epidote group
-
allanite (2)
-
epidote (2)
-
-
kilchoanite (1)
-
melilite group
-
melilite (1)
-
-
vesuvianite (2)
-
-
-
ring silicates
-
cordierite (2)
-
scawtite (2)
-
-
sheet silicates
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chlorite group
-
chlorite (5)
-
clinochlore (1)
-
-
clay minerals
-
beidellite (1)
-
dickite (2)
-
kaolinite (3)
-
montmorillonite (1)
-
saponite (3)
-
smectite (6)
-
vermiculite (2)
-
-
illite (8)
-
mica group
-
biotite (5)
-
fuchsite (1)
-
glauconite (1)
-
muscovite (8)
-
phengite (1)
-
phlogopite (3)
-
-
-
-
sulfates
-
anhydrite (1)
-
gypsum (1)
-
jarosite (1)
-
-
sulfides
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arsenopyrite (1)
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bornite (1)
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chalcopyrite (1)
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copper sulfides (1)
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covellite (1)
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galena (3)
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greigite (1)
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iron sulfides (1)
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molybdenite (4)
-
pyrite (14)
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pyrrhotite (1)
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sphalerite (6)
-
-
sulfosalts (1)
-
-
Primary terms
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absolute age (182)
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academic institutions (1)
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Africa
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Central Africa
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Angola (1)
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Congo Basin (1)
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East Africa
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North Africa
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Southern Africa
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South Africa
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Bushveld Complex (3)
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Merensky Reef (2)
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North-West Province South Africa (1)
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Transvaal region (2)
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West Africa
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Nigeria (1)
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Antarctica
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Asia
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Yakutia Russian Federation (1)
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Atlantic Ocean
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English Channel (4)
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
Timing of vein-hosted copper mineralization and its structural setting in the Upper Paleozoic sedimentary rocks of SW Ireland Available to Purchase
The Neoproterozoic glacial broom Open Access
Review of 3D electromagnetic modeling and inversion for mineral exploration Available to Purchase
Mechanisms of secondary carbonate precipitation on felsic, intermediate and mafic igneous rocks: a case study for NW Scotland Open Access
Ocean oxygenation and ecological restructuring caused by the late Paleozoic evolution of land plants Available to Purchase
Mud retention in hydrologically closed basins promoted pre-vegetation meandering: evidence from the Neoproterozoic Diabaig Formation, Scotland Available to Purchase
Abstract Fluvial point-bar deposits are described from the c. 1 Ga Diabaig Formation, representing some of the most compelling architectural evidence of planform sinuosity recognized in pre-vegetation sedimentary strata to date. The stratigraphical architecture of the deposits indicates different planform transformations in response to meander-bend expansion and downstream migration. Point-bar architectural motifs are locally abundant in the unit and this is attributed to elevated amounts of mud-calibre cohesive sediment. Mud afforded landscape stability that, together with limited stream power, was sufficient to corral sediment into single-thread, sinuous channels. Significant volumes of fine-grained sediment were encouraged to accumulate by the local basin setting of several topographically confined endorheic depressions. These conditions ceased once the hydrologically closed valleys were filled, with the overlying sandstone-dominated Applecross Formation subsequently deposited by low-sinuosity, braided rivers that bypassed fine-grained sediment oceanward. Other endorheic basins conducive to the formation of depositional meanders should be expected to have been relatively widespread on pre-vegetation Earth, though many individually limited in size, confined by their inherited topographies. Depositional architectures representative of sinuous channel planforms remain scarce within more extensive, externally drained basins.