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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
Pangaea's breakup: the roles of mantle plumes, orogens and subduction retreat Available to Purchase
Abstract What drives the breakup of a supercontinent remains contentious. Previously proposed mechanisms include mantle plumes, subduction retreat and basal traction from mantle convection. Here we review the geological record of plumes, orogens and subduction zones during the breakup of Pangaea and investigate the potential roles played by these factors through 4D spherical geodynamic modelling. We found that mantle plumes provided the dominant force that drove the breakup of Pangaea, particularly in triggering the initial breakup. Young orogens as continental lithospheric weak zones generally guided the development of continental rifts, consistent with the geological record that rifting within Pangaea commonly developed along pre-existing orogens. However, the marginal drag force produced by subduction retreat, and basal traction associated with subduction-related mantle flow, likely also played a role in the breakup of Pangaea. In addition, the weakening effect of plume-induced melts can sometimes help to break the continental lithosphere away from orogens, as exemplified by the breakup between Antarctica and Australia. Furthermore, geodynamic modelling suggests that subduction is responsible for generating mantle plumes. A particular such example is the formation of the Kerguelen plume, triggered by subduction along the northern margin of Australia, which facilitated the breakup between East Antarctica and Australia.
A trans-Iapetus transform fault control for the evolution of the Rheic Ocean: Implications for an early Paleozoic transition of accretionary tectonics: Reply Open Access
Two episodes of late Mesoproterozoic magmatism in the southwestern Yangtze Block, China, and their association with Grenville-aged orogenic cycles Available to Purchase
Eocene magmatism in the Himalaya: Response to lithospheric flexure during early Indian collision? Available to Purchase
A trans-Iapetus transform fault control for the evolution of the Rheic Ocean: Implications for an early Paleozoic transition of accretionary tectonics Available to Purchase
Archean geodynamics: Ephemeral supercontinents or long-lived supercratons Open Access
Recalibrating Rodinian rifting in the northwestern United States Available to Purchase
Pannotia: in defence of its existence and geodynamic significance Available to Purchase
Abstract The status of Pannotia as an Ediacaran supercontinent, or even its mere existence as a coherent large landmass, is controversial. The effect of its hypothesized amalgamation is generally ignored in mantle convection models claiming the transition from Rodinia to Pangaea represents a single supercontinent cycle. We apply three geodynamic scenarios to Pannotia amalgamation that are tested using regional geology. Scenarios involving quasi-stationary mantle convection patterns are not supported by the geological record. A scenario involving feedback between the supercontinent cycle and global mantle convection patterns predicts upwellings beneath the Gondwanan portion of Pannotia and the arrival of plumes along the entire Gondwanan (but not Laurentian) margin beginning at c. 0.6 Ga. Such a scenario is compatible with regional geology, but the candidates for plume magmatism we propose require testing by detailed geochemical and isotopic studies. If verified, this scenario could provide geodynamic explanations for the origins of the late Neoproterozoic and Early Paleozoic Iapetus and Rheic oceans and the terranes that were repeatedly detached from their margins.
Paleomagnetic constraints on the duration of the Australia-Laurentia connection in the core of the Nuna supercontinent Open Access
Syn-collisional magmatic record of Indian steep subduction by 50 Ma Available to Purchase
The amalgamation of Pangea: Paleomagnetic and geological observations revisited Available to Purchase
Coupled supercontinent–mantle plume events evidenced by oceanic plume record Available to Purchase
1.6 Ga crustal thickening along the final Nuna suture Available to Purchase
Laurentian crust in northeast Australia: Implications for the assembly of the supercontinent Nuna Available to Purchase
Tectonostratigraphy and provenance analysis to define the edge and evolution of the eastern Wuyi-Yunkai orogen, South China Available to Purchase
Palaeomagnetism and geochronology of mid-Neoproterozoic Yanbian dykes, South China: implications for a c. 820–800 Ma true polar wander event and the reconstruction of Rodinia Available to Purchase
Abstract We present new palaeomagnetic data from two generations of mafic dykes in the Yanbian region of the western South China Block, dated by the zircon U–Pb method at 824±6 and 806±8 Ma, respectively. The primary origin for the characteristic remanent magnetizations is supported by a positive baked contact test, a dyke-tilt test and rock magnetic data. After tilt corrections, 10 dykes from the c. 824 Ma group gave a mean remanent direction of D =230.1°, I =−72.6° with k =16.3 and α 95 =12.3°, corresponding to a palaeopole at 42.5 °N, 131.8 °E with A 95 =19.0°. Three dykes from the c. 806 Ma group give a mean direction of D =284.5°, I =42.6° with k =76.5 and α 95 =14.2, corresponding to a virtual geomagnetic pole (VGP) at 18.2 °N, 31.0 °E with A 95 =20.4°. After correcting for a 5° vertical-axis rotation of the study region, the two pole positions are at 45.1 °N, 130.4 °E and 14.1 °N, 32.5 °E, respectively. The c. 825–720 Ma palaeopole position from South China, East Svalbard and neighbouring continents fall on great circles on two alternative Rodinia reconstructions, possibly reflecting oscillating inertial interchange true polar wander events (IITPWs).