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Subduction retreat recorded in the southern Beishan orogenic collage of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt: New evidence from deep seismic reflection profiling
Structure and provenance of the Cretaceous Pingshanhu Basin in the Hexi Corridor: Implications for Mesozoic tectonics in the northern Tibetan Plateau
Multistage Strike-Slip Fault in the Narrowest Portion of the Qinling Orogen, Central China: Deformation Mechanism and Tectonic Significance
Two-phase kinematic evolution of the Qilian Shan, northern Tibetan Plateau: Initial Eocene–Oligocene deformation that accelerated in the mid-Miocene
Progress of Deep Resources Exploration and Mining (DREAM) program in China: Critical minerals
Tectonic setting of metamorphism and exhumation of eclogite-facies rocks in the South Beishan orogen, northwestern China
Middle Jurassic intracontinental evolution of East Asia: Insights from the Tianshifu-Dongyingfang basin of the Liaodong Peninsula, NE China
Tectonic evolution of the Beishan orogen in central Asia: Subduction, accretion, and continent-continent collision during the closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean
Cenozoic deformation in the eastern domain of the North Qaidam thrust belt, northern Tibetan Plateau
Proterozoic–Phanerozoic tectonic evolution of the Qilian Shan and Eastern Kunlun Range, northern Tibet
Superposition of Cretaceous and Cenozoic deformation in northern Tibet: A far-field response to the tectonic evolution of the Tethyan orogenic system
Subduction initiation of the western Proto-Tethys Ocean: New evidence from the Cambrian intra-oceanic forearc ophiolitic mélange in the western Kunlun Orogen, NW Tibetan Plateau
Late Mesozoic–Cenozoic cooling history of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau and its foreland derived from low-temperature thermochronology
Mesozoic-Cenozoic evolution of the Eastern Kunlun Range, central Tibet, and implications for basin evolution during the Indo-Asian collision
Underthrusting and duplexing beneath the northern Tibetan Plateau and the evolution of the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen
Detrital zircon geochronology of pre-Cretaceous strata: tectonic implications for the Jiangnan Orogen, South China
Faulted terrace risers place new constraints on the late Quaternary slip rate for the central Altyn Tagh fault, northwest Tibet
Our inability to determine the growth history and growth mechanism of the Tibetan plateau may be attributed in part to the lack of detailed geologic information over remote and often inaccessible central Tibet, where the Eastern Kunlun Range and Qaidam basin stand out as the dominant tectonic features. The contact between the two exhibits the largest and most extensive topographic relief exceeding 2 km across their boundary inside the plateau. Thus, determining their structural relationship has important implications for unraveling the formation mechanism of the whole Tibetan plateau. To address this issue, we conducted field mapping and analysis of subsurface and satellite data across the Qimen Tagh Mountains, part of the western segment of the Eastern Kunlun Range, and the Yousha Shan uplift in southwestern Qaidam basin. Our work suggests that the western Eastern Kunlun Range is dominated by south-directed thrusts that carry the low-elevation Qaidam basin over the high-elevation Eastern Kunlun Range. Cenozoic contraction in the region initiated in the late Oligocene and early Miocene (28–24 Ma) and has accommodated at least 48% upper-crustal shortening (i.e., ∼150 km shortening) since that time. In order to explain both the high elevation of the Eastern Kunlun Range and the dominant south-directed thrusts across the range, we propose that the Cenozoic uplift of the range has been accommodated by large-scale wedge tectonics that simultaneously absorb southward subduction of Qaidam lower crust below and southward obduction of Qaidam upper crust above the Eastern Kunlun crust. In the context of this model, the amount of Qaidam lower-crust subduction should be equal to or larger than the amount of shortening across Qaidam upper crust in the north-tapering thrust wedge system, thus implying at least 150 km of Qaidam lower-crust subduction since the late Oligocene and early Miocene. The late Oligocene initiation of contraction along the southern margin of Qaidam basin is significantly younger than that for the northern basin margin in the Paleocene to early Eocene between 65 and 50 Ma. This temporal pattern of deformation indicates that the construction of the Tibetan plateau is not a simple process of northward migration of its northern deformation fronts. Instead, significant shortening has occurred in the plateau interior after the plateau margins were firmly established at or close to their current positions. If Cenozoic crustal deformation across the Eastern Kunlun and Qaidam regions was accommodated by pure-shear deformation, our observed >48% upper-crustal shortening strain is sufficient to explain the current elevation and crustal thickness of the region. However, if the deformation between the upper and lower crust was decoupled during the Cenozoic Indo-Asian collision, lower-crustal flow or thermal events in the mantle could be additional causes of plateau uplift across the Eastern Kunlun Range and Qaidam basin.